scholarly journals Serum Metabolites Responding in a Dose-Dependent Manner to the Intake of a High-Fat Meal in Normal Weight Healthy Men Are Associated with Obesity

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Ueli Bütikofer ◽  
David Burnand ◽  
Reto Portmann ◽  
Carola Blaser ◽  
Flurina Schwander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Dose Dependent

Although the composition of the human blood metabolome is influenced both by the health status of the organism and its dietary behavior, the interaction between these two factors has been poorly characterized. This study makes use of a previously published randomized controlled crossover acute intervention to investigate whether the blood metabolome of 15 healthy normal weight (NW) and 17 obese (OB) men having ingested three doses (500, 1000, 1500 kcal) of a high-fat (HF) meal can be used to identify metabolites differentiating these two groups. Among the 1024 features showing a postprandial response, measured between 0 h and 6 h, in the NW group, 135 were dose-dependent. Among these 135 features, 52 had fasting values that were significantly different between NW and OB men, and, strikingly, they were all significantly higher in OB men. A subset of the 52 features was identified as amino acids (e.g., branched-chain amino acids) and amino acid derivatives. As the fasting concentration of most of these metabolites has already been associated with metabolic dysfunction, we propose that challenging normal weight healthy subjects with increasing caloric doses of test meals might allow for the identification of new fasting markers associated with obesity.

scholarly journals Chronic Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids Induced Lipid Oxidation and Blunted Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Production in Mice With NAFLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 529-529
Author(s):  
Chaitra Surugihalli ◽  
Vaishna Muralidaran ◽  
Kruti Patel ◽  
Tabitha Gregory ◽  
Nishanth Sunny
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Objectives Elevated circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) during insulin resistance are strong predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus onset. Defects in BCAA degradation are evident in several tissues during insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Furthermore, alterations in BCAA metabolism are associated with changes in several aspects lipid metabolism, including lipogenesis, ketogenesis and mitochondrial TCA cycle activity. Considering the crosstalk between BCAAs and lipid metabolism, we hypothesized that chronic supplementation of BCAAs will modulate hepatic insulin resistance and mitochondrial lipid oxidation during NAFLD. Methods Mice (C57BL/6N) were reared on either a low-fat (LF; 10% fat kcal), high-fat (HF; 60% fat kcal or high-fat diet supplemented with BCAA (HFBA; 150% BCAA) for 24 weeks. Metabolic profiling was conducted under fed or overnight fasted (14–16 hrs) conditions. A subset of overnight fasted mice from the HF and HFBA groups were subjected to hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps, following implantation of jugular vein catheters. Results Feeding HF and HFBA diets resulted in NAFLD. Circulating BCAAs were higher in ‘fed’ mice consuming HFBA diet (e.g., Valine, µM ± SEM; 311 ± 38 in HF, 432 ± 34 in HFBA, P ≤ 0.05). Overnight fasting significantly reduced BCAA levels in all groups, but the fasting levels of BCAAs remained similar between groups. Fed-to-fasted fold changes in blood glucose, serum insulin and c-peptide were higher in HFBA mice (P ≤ 0.05). Insulin stimulated suppression of glucose production (% ± SEM; HF = 38 ± 11, HFBA = 16 ± 16) was blunted in HFBA mice.  Furthermore, fed-to-fasted expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid oxidation, including LCAD, MCAD, PPARa and CPT1a were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in the HFBA mice. Conclusions In summary, chronic BCAA supplementation induced hepatic lipid oxidation gene expression, without any apparent improvements in insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, while the induction of lipid oxidation by BCAAs could explain certain beneficial effects associated with their supplementation, the longer-term impact of the BCAAs on insulin sensitivity need to be further explored. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant RO1-DK-112865

scholarly journals Branched-Chain Amino Acids Have Equivalent Effects to Other Essential Amino Acids on Lifespan and Aging-Related Traits in Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Juricic ◽  
Sebastian Grönke ◽  
Linda Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Compensatory Feeding ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been suggested to be particularly potent activators of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Moreover, increased circulating BCAAs are associated with higher risk of insulin resistance and diabetes in both mice and humans, and with increased mortality in mice. However, it remains unknown if BCAAs play a more prominent role in longevity than do other essential amino acids (EAAs). To test for a more prominent role of BCAAs in lifespan and related traits in Drosophila, we restricted either BCAAs or a control group of three other EAAs, threonine, histidine and lysine (THK). BCAA restriction induced compensatory feeding, lipid accumulation, stress resistance and amelioration of age-related gut pathology. It also extended lifespan in a dietary-nitrogen-dependent manner. Importantly, the control restriction of THK had similar effects on these phenotypes. Our control diet was designed to have every EAA equally limiting for growth and reproduction, and our findings therefore suggest that the level of the most limiting EAAs in the diet, rather than the specific EAAs that are limiting, determines the response of these phenotypes to EAA restriction.

scholarly journals Impaired Skeletal Muscle Branched-Chain Amino Acids Catabolism Contributes to Their Increased Circulating Levels in a Non-Obese Insulin-Resistant Fructose-Fed Rat Model

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémie David ◽  
Dominique Dardevet ◽  
Laurent Mosoni ◽  
Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux ◽  
Sergio Polakof
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Branched Chain

Elevated plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) levels are often observed in obese insulin-resistant (IR) subjects and laboratory animals. A reduced capacity of the adipose tissues (AT) to catabolize BCAA has been proposed as an explanation, but it seems restricted to obesity models of genetically modified or high fat–fed rodents. We aimed to determine if plasma BCAA levels were increased in a model of IR without obesity and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Rats were fed with a standard diet, containing either starch or fructose. BCAA levels, body weight and composition were recorded before and after 5, 12, 30, or 45 days of feeding. Elevated blood BCAA levels were observed in our IR model with unaltered body weight and composition. No changes were observed in the liver or the AT, but instead an impaired capacity of the skeletal muscle to catabolize BCAA was observed, including reduced capacity for transamination and oxidative deamination. Although the elevated blood BCAA levels in the fructose-fed rat seem to be a common feature of the IR phenotype observed in obese subjects and high fat–fed animals, the mechanisms involved in such a metabolic phenomenon are different, likely involving the skeletal muscle BCAA metabolism.

Vegan diet reduces neutrophils, monocytes and platelets related to branched-chain amino acids – A randomized, controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 3241-3250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Kathrin Lederer ◽  
Andrea Maul-Pavicic ◽  
Luciana Hannibal ◽  
Manuel Hettich ◽  
Carmen Steinborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Branched Chain
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