Piezoelectric Impedance-Based Non-Destructive Testing Method for Possible Identification of Composite Debonding Depth

Detecting the depth and size of debonding in composite structures is essential for assessing structural safety as it can weaken the structure possibly leading to a failure. As composite materials are used in various fields up to date including aircrafts and bridges, inspections are carried out to maintain structural integrity. Although many inspection methods exist for detection damage of composites, most of the techniques require trained experts or a large equipment that can be time consuming. In this study, the possibility of using the piezoelectric material-based non-destructive method known as the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique is used to identify the depth of debonding damage of glass epoxy laminates. Laminates with various thicknesses were prepared and tested to seek for the possibility of using the EMI technique for identifying the depth of debonding. Results show promising outcome for bringing the EMI technique a step closer for commercialization.

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Development of a New Temporary Attachment Technique for Detecting Debonding of a Composite Structure Using Impedance Based Non-Destructive Testing Method

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112210763 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 10763

Author(s):

Dong-Woo Seo ◽

Kyu-San Jung ◽

Yi-Seul Kim ◽

Hyung-Jin Kim ◽

Wongi S. Na

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Composite Structures ◽

Early Stage ◽

High Strength ◽

Non Destructive Testing ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Electromechanical Impedance ◽

Large Structures ◽

Design Flexibility ◽

Non Destructive

To date, the application of composite materials has been used throughout the globe due to its advantages, such as corrosion resistance, high strength, design flexibility, and light weight. However, the joining of composite materials is usually achieved with adhesives, where debonding of parts can cause unexpected failure. Thus, detecting and locating defects due to impact or fatigue stresses at an early stage is crucial to ensure safety. Various non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques have been used to detect defects in composite structures, where this study proposes an improved approach of using one of the NDT techniques to detect and locate debonding of glass fiber epoxy plates. Here, the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique is used with a new way of detecting defects using a movable device. This idea could reduce the overall cost of the monitoring system as the conventional EMI technique requires one to permanently attach a large number of piezoelectric transducers when monitoring large structures. The performance of the proposed idea is tested against another temporary attachment method to investigate the possibility of using the new idea for monitoring debonding in composite structures.

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Non-destructive testing and evaluation of composite materials/structures: A state-of-the-art review

Advances in Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1177/1687814020913761 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 168781402091376 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bing Wang ◽

Shuncong Zhong ◽

Tung-Lik Lee ◽

Kevin S Fancey ◽

Jiawei Mi

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Composite Structures ◽

Neutron Imaging ◽

Image Correlation ◽

Historical Background ◽

Non Destructive Testing ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Testing Technique ◽

Testing Techniques ◽

Non Destructive

Composite materials/structures are advancing in product efficiency, cost-effectiveness and the development of superior specific properties. There are increasing demands in their applications to load-carrying structures in aerospace, wind turbines, transportation, medical equipment and so on. Thus, robust and reliable non-destructive testing of composites is essential to reduce safety concerns and maintenance costs. There have been various non-destructive testing methods built upon different principles for quality assurance during the whole lifecycle of a composite product. This article reviews the most established non-destructive testing techniques for detection and evaluation of defects/damage evolution in composites. These include acoustic emission, ultrasonic testing, infrared thermography, terahertz testing, shearography, digital image correlation, as well as X-ray and neutron imaging. For each non-destructive testing technique, we cover a brief historical background, principles, standard practices, equipment and facilities used for composite research. We also compare and discuss their benefits and limitations and further summarise their capabilities and applications to composite structures. Each non-destructive testing technique has its own potential and rarely achieves a full-scale diagnosis of structural integrity. Future development of non-destructive testing techniques for composites will be directed towards intelligent and automated inspection systems with high accuracy and efficient data processing capabilities.

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Acousto-ultrasonics for defect assessment of composite materials

10.51415/10321/2782 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Kevin M. Dugmore

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Composite Structures ◽

Testing Device ◽

Non Destructive Testing ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Defect Assessment ◽

Short Time ◽

Non Destructive

The experiments and their results contained herein will form the basis for the development of a portable non-destructive testing device for composite structures. This device is to be capable of detecting any of a variety of defects and assessing their severity within a short time

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Identification of structural defects in composite materials by the thermal imaging non-destructive testing method

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201929800119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 298 ◽

pp. 00119

Author(s):

Andrey Kokurov ◽

Igor Odintsev ◽

Boris Chichigin ◽

Dmitry Subbotin

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Polymer Composites ◽

Thermal Imaging ◽

Structural Defects ◽

Non Destructive Testing ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Testing Method ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Layered Polymer Composites

The article discusses the practical aspects of applying the thermal imaging non-destructive testing method of layered polymer composites. The specific purpose of the work is to demonstrate the possibilities of detecting in material and geometric identification of initial defects such as debonding.

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Self-heating based vibrothermography – A non-destructive testing method for polymeric composite structures

10.1063/1.5045874 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Andrzej Katunin ◽

Dominik Wachla

Keyword(s):

Composite Structures ◽

Polymeric Composite ◽

Non Destructive Testing ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Self Heating ◽

Testing Method ◽

Non Destructive

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Reconstruction of Barely Visible Impact Damage in Composite Structures Based on Non-Destructive Evaluation Results

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19214629 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (21) ◽

pp. 4629 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wronkowicz-Katunin ◽

Katunin ◽

Dragan

Keyword(s):

Composite Structures ◽

Impact Damage ◽

Failure Mechanisms ◽

Structural Safety ◽

Non Destructive Testing ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

X Ray ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

X Ray Computed ◽

Non Destructive

The occurrence of barely visible impact damage (BVID) in aircraft composite components and structures being in operation is a serious problem, which threatens structural safety of an aircraft, and should be timely detected and, if necessary, repaired according to the obligatory regulations of currently applied maintenance methodologies. Due to difficulties with a proper detection of such a type of damage even with non-destructive testing (NDT) methods as well as manual evaluation of the testing results, supporting algorithms for post-processing of these results seem to be of a high interest for aircraft maintenance community. In the following study, the authors proposed new approaches for BVID reconstruction based on results of ultrasonic and X-ray computed tomographic testing using authored advanced image processing algorithms. The studies were performed on real composite structures taking into consideration failure mechanisms occurring during impact damaging. The developed algorithms allow extracting relevant diagnostic information both from ultrasonic B-and C-Scans as well as from tomographic 3D arrays used for the validation of ultrasonic reconstructed damage locations, which allows for a significant improvement of the detectability of BVID in tested structures. The developed approach can be especially useful for NDT operators evaluating the results of structural NDT inspections.

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Extended Non-destructive Testing for the Bondline Quality Assessment of Aircraft Composite Structures

Adhesive Bonding of Aircraft Composite Structures ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-92810-4_4 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 223-257

Author(s):

Paweł H. Malinowski ◽

Tomasz Wandowski ◽

Wiesław M. Ostachowicz ◽

Maxime Sagnard ◽

Laurent Berthe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Assessment ◽

Composite Structures ◽

Adhesive Layer ◽

Bond Line ◽

Non Destructive Testing ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Electromechanical Impedance ◽

Aircraft Manufacturing ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Curved Samples

AbstractWe present the results of extended non-destructive testing (ENDT) methods for bond line quality assessment in adhesive joints. The results presented were derived for important application scenarios with regards to aircraft manufacturing and the in-service repair of composite structures. The electromechanical impedance (EMI), laser shock adhesion testing (LASAT), and nonlinear ultrasound scanning (NUS) were used on flat coupon samples, scarfed samples, and curved samples. The EMI method applied to the flat coupons showed some relation of the frequency shift to the level of contamination. For the curved samples, there was insufficient sensitivity to differentiate distinct levels of contamination, while for scarfed samples in most cases both detection and distinction were possible. The LASAT method gave good results for the coupon samples, which were also in accordance with the results of the $${\text{G}}_{\text{IC}}$$ G IC and $${\text{G}}_{\text{IIC}}$$ G IIC tests. For coupon samples with multiple contaminations, we obtained results with varying significance. In the case of NUS, the measurements revealed an increase in nonlinearity affected by contamination at the interphase between the CFRP adherend and the adhesive layer for the majority of scenarios comprising single contamination of flat coupons and scarfed samples. The effect of multiple contaminations was a decrease in nonlinearity for the curved samples.

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Detection Of Cracks In Composite Materials Using Hybrid Non-Destructive Testing Method Based On Vibro-Thermography And Time-Frequency Analysis Of Ultrasonic Excitation Signal

Journal of Konbin ◽

10.1515/jok-2015-0025 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 71-86

Author(s):

Wojciech Prokopowicz

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Frequency Analysis ◽

Non Destructive Testing ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Signal Processing Algorithm ◽

Time Frequency ◽

Excitation Signal ◽

Testing Method ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Made In

Abstract The theme of the publication is to determine the possibility of diagnosing damage in composite materials using vibrio-thermography and frequency analysis and time-frequency of excitation signal. In order to verify the proposed method experiments were performed on a sample of the composite made in the technology of pressing prepregs. Analysis of the recorded signals and the thermograms were performed in MatLab environment. Hybrid non-destructive testing method based on thermogram and appropriate signal processing algorithm clearly showed damage in the sample composite material.

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