scholarly journals Characterization of the Dielectrophoretic Response of Different Candida Strains Using 3D Carbon Microelectrodes

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monsur Islam ◽  
Devin Keck ◽  
Jordon Gilmore ◽  
Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Candida Strain ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Anti Fungal

Bloodstream infection with Candida fungal cells remains one of the most life-threatening complications among hospitalized patients around the world. Although most of the cases are still due to Candida albicans, the rising incidence of infections caused by other Candida strains that may not respond to traditional anti-fungal treatments merits the development of a method for species-specific isolation of Candida. To this end, here we present the characterization of the dielectrophoresis (DEP) response of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis. We complement such characterization with a study of the Candida cells morphology. The Candida strains exhibited subtle differences in their morphology and dimensions. All the Candida strains exhibited positive DEP in the range 10–500 kHz, although the strength of the DEP response was different for each Candida strain at different frequencies. Only Candida tropicalis showed positive DEP at 750 kHz. The current results show potential for manipulation and enrichment of a specific Candida strain at specific DEP conditions towards aiding in the rapid identification of Candida strains to enable the effective and timely treatment of Candida infections.

scholarly journals Interactions between Terpinen-4-ol and Nystatin on biofilm of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Coradi Tonon ◽  
Renata Serignoli Francisconi ◽  
Ester Alves Ferreira Bordini ◽  
Patrícia Milagros Maquera Huacho ◽  
Janaína de Cássia Orlandi Sardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Oral Keratinocytes ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Oral Cells

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Terpinen-4-ol associated with nystatin, on single and mixed species biofilms formed by Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, as well as the effect of terpinen-4-ol on adhesion in oral cells and the enzymatic activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicide concentrations of terpinen-4-ol and nystatin on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis were determined using the microdilution broth method, along with their synergistic activity (“checkerboard” method). Single and mixed species biofilms were prepared using the static microtiter plate model and quantified by colony forming units (CFU/mL). The effect of Terpinen-4-ol in adhesion of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in coculture with oral keratinocytes (NOK Si) was evaluated, as well as the enzymatic activity by measuring the size of the precipitation zone, after the growth agar to phospholipase, protease and hemolysin. Terpinen-4-ol (4.53 mg mL-1) and nystatin (0.008 mg mL-1) were able to inhibit biofilms growth, and a synergistic antifungal effect was showed with the drug association, reducing the inhibitory concentration of nystatin up to 8 times in single biofilm of Candida albicans, and 2 times in mixed species biofilm. A small decrease in the adhesion of Candida tropicalis in NOK Si cells was showed after treatment with terpinen-4-ol, and nystatin had a greater effect for both species. For enzymatic activity, the drugs showed no action. The effect potentiated by the combination of terpinen-4-ol and nystatin and the reduction of adhesion provide evidence of its potential as an anti-fungal agent.

scholarly journals Detection of Candida albicans DNA from blood samples using a novel electrochemical assay

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair Muir ◽  
Gordon Forrest ◽  
John Clarkson ◽  
Alan Wheals
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Electrochemical Assay ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Species Specific

The genus Candida contains a number of yeast species which are opportunistic pathogens and are associated with life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. Provision of appropriate therapy relies on the rapid identification of the infecting species, and existing methods of identifying Candida species in clinical samples are time and resource intensive and are not always specific enough to differentiate between drug-susceptible and drug-resistant species. We have previously developed a system for the rapid detection of yeast pathogens in clinical samples using PCR followed by hybridization with a suite of five species-specific, electrochemically labelled DNA probes. The limit of detection of the assay was shown to be 37 fg (∼1 genome) per reaction using extracted genomic DNA. We carried out a study to test the limit of detection of one of the probes, CA PR3, using blood samples from a healthy donor that were spiked with genomic DNA or with C. albicans cells. Our results demonstrated a limit of detection of 37 fg (ml blood)−1 (∼1 genome ml−1) using extracted DNA or 10 c.f.u. (ml blood)−1 using C. albicans cells, indicating that the assay is capable of detecting C. albicans nucleic acid at levels that are encountered in clinical samples.

scholarly journals Production, Characterization, and Epitope Mapping of a Monoclonal Antibody against Aspartic Proteinase ofCandida albicans

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoung-Kuk Na ◽  
Gyung-Tae Chung ◽  
Chul-Yong Song
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Epitope Mapping ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Aspartic Proteinase ◽  
Ofcandida Albicans ◽  
Human Cathepsin

ABSTRACT A monoclonal antibody (MAb; MAb CAP1) that was reactive with extracellular aspartic proteinase of Candida albicans (CAP) was produced. The MAb showed strong sensitivity and reactivity to CAP but not to the aspartic proteinases of Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, andAspergillus fumigatus or to human cathepsin D or porcine pepsin. The epitope of the CAP recognized by the MAb was the proteinaseous part of CAP and the putative epitope of the MAb was located in the Asp77 to Gly103 sequence. This antibody could be useful for the characterization of CAP and would be a valuable probe for the detection of CAP antigen in the sera of patients with invasive candidiasis.

scholarly journals Functional characterization of Candida albicans Hos2 histone deacetylase

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
G Karthikeyan ◽  
Maneesh Paul-Satyaseela ◽  
Nachiappan Dhatchana Moorthy ◽  
Radha Gopalaswamy ◽  
Shridhar Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Mold And Yeast ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Vaginal Thrush ◽  
Inhibition Studies

Candida albicans is a mucosal commensal organism capable of causing superficial (oral and vaginal thrush) infections in immune normal hosts, but is a major pathogen causing systemic and mucosal infections in immunocompromised individuals. Azoles have been very effective anti-fungal agents and the mainstay in treating opportunistic mold and yeast infections. Azole resistant strains have emerged compromising the utility of this class of drugs. It has been shown that azole resistance can be reversed by the co-administration of a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, suggesting that resistance is mediated by epigenetic mechanisms possibly involving Hos2, a fungal deacetylase. We report here the cloning and functional characterization of HOS2 (HighOsmolarity Sensitive), a gene coding for fungal histone deacetylase from C. albicans. Inhibition studies showed that Hos2 is susceptible to pan inhibitors such as trichostatin A (TSA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), but is not inhibited by class I inhibitors such as MS-275. This in vitro enzymatic assay, which is amenable to high throughput could be used for screening potent fungal Hos2 inhibitors that could be a potential anti-fungal adjuvant. Purified Hos2 protein consistently deacetylated tubulins, rather than histones from TSA-treated cells. Hos2 has been reported to be a putative NAD+ dependent histone deacetylase, a feature of sirtuins. We assayed for sirtuin activation with resveratrol and purified Hos2 protein and did not find any sirtuin activity.

scholarly journals Aurora kinase Ipl1 facilitates bilobed distribution of clustered kinetochores to ensure error-free chromosome segregation in Candida albicans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Varshney ◽  
Kaustuv Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
Spindle Pole ◽  
Microtubule Dynamics ◽  
Aurora Kinase B ◽  
Spindle Pole Bodies ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Anti Fungal

Candida albicans, an ascomycete, has an ability to switch to diverse morphological forms. While C. albicans is predominatly diploid, it can tolerate aneuploidy as a survival strategy under stress. Aurora kinase B homolog Ipl1 is a critical ploidy regulator that controls microtubule dynamics and chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we show that Ipl1 in C. albicans has a longer activation loop than that of the well-studied ascomycete S. cerevisiae. Ipl1 localizes to the kinetochores during the G1/S phase and associates with the spindle during mitosis. Ipl1 regulates cell morphogenesis and is required for cell viability. Ipl1 monitors microtubule dynamics which is mediated by separation of spindle pole bodies. While Ipl1 is dispensable for maintaining structural integrity and clustering of kinetochores in C. albicans, it is required for the maintenance of kinetochore geometry to form bilobed structures along the mitotic spindle, a feature of Ipl1 that was not observed in other yeasts. Depletion of Ipl1 results in erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments leading to aneuploidy-associated resistance to fluconazole, the most common anti-fungal drug used to treat Candida infections. Taking together, we suggest that Ipl1 spatiotemporally ensures kinetochore geometry to facilitate bipolar spindle assembly crucial for ploidy maintenance in C. albicans.

Endocarditis due to a co-infection of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in a drug abuser

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1763-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirinsadat Hashemi Fesharaki ◽  
Iman Haghani ◽  
Bita Mousavi ◽  
Melika Laal Kargar ◽  
Mohammadali Boroumand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Therapy ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Drug Abuser ◽  
Fungal Endocarditis ◽  
Amphotericin B Deoxycholate ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Intravenous Amphotericin ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

In recent decades the incidence of Candida endocarditis has increased dramatically. Despite the application of surgery and antifungal therapy, Candida endocarditis remains a life-threatening infection with significant morbidity and mortality. We report a 37-year-old male drug abuser presenting with high fever, chest pain, loss of appetite and cardiac failure. His echocardiography revealed mobile large tricuspid valve vegetations. Fungal endocarditis was confirmed by culturing of the resected vegetation showing mixed growth of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, although three consecutive blood cultures were negative for Candida species. Phenotypic identification was reconfirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS rDNA) region. The patient was initially treated with intravenous fluconazole (6 mg kg−1 per day), followed by 2 weeks of intravenous amphotericin B deoxycholate (1 mg kg−1 per day). Although MICs were low for both drugs, the patient’s antifungal therapy combined with valve replacement failed, and he died due to respiratory failure.

scholarly journals Penatalaksanaan infeksi Candida tropicalis pada penderita median rhomboid glossitis The management of infection of Candida tropicalis at median rhomboid glossitis patient

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Cane Lukisari ◽  
Kus Harijanti
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Trigger Factors ◽  
Paper Report ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Anti Fungal

Oral candidiasis is oral mucosal infectious caused by Candida albicans or non-candida albicans candida (NCAC).Each Candida species infection has same clinical manifestation, the different only in invasive nature and antifungiresponse. C.tropicalis is most virulence NCAC because the most adherence ability to epithelial cells in vitro as wellas medium level proteinase secretion. In addition, C.topicalis is the second most common colony on human. A studyreported of C.tropicalis as causa of 16% hospitalized oral candidiasis, anti fungal drugs and systemic antibioticwas known as trigger factors. This paper report and discuss oral candidiasis due to C.tropicalis in patient, adultmale, with median rhomboid glossitis. The patient also used broad spectrum antibiotic and topical corticosteroidwith imprecise dose. The management of this case was terminated antibiotic and corticosteroid, oral hygieneoptimalization and was given 0.25% chlorhexidine gluconate. However, oral hygiene optimalization, predispositionfactors elimination, and, precise therapy would give a good prognosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of factions antigens disintegration fungal cells Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis if advised candidiasis

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
M. V. Rybalkin ◽  
N. I. Filimonova ◽  
O. P. Strilets ◽  
L. S. Strelnikov
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
National University ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
The Right

Candidiasis – one of the most common fungal diseases humanity has ever faced. Etiological factors of the disease are most often Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. To fight Candida infection has been actively conducting research on vaccine development, as in the CIS countries and in the countries of Europe and America. In the context of this research have shown trends of development of combined subunit vaccines based on the fungi Candida. Authors at the National University of Pharmacy at the Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Virology and Immunology developed a method of disintegration of cells of fungi C. albicans and C. tropicalis using ultrasound. The objective of our work was the experimental evaluation of fungal cell antigen fractions C. albicans and C. tropicalis in the prevention and treatment of candidiasis. Fungal cells from C. albicans and C. tropicalis were isolated proteins and polysaccharides using an ultrasonic disintegrator when extending wave of 22 kHz and 15 min exposure. Filtered through a membrane «Vladipor» IPA-MA № 3, which provides shutoff of the biological material with a size of 10 kDa.Obektom study were fractions dezintegrata fungal cell C. albicans and C. tropicalis molecular size and greater than 10 kDa. Mice were intramuscularly twice at an interval of 14 days were injected into the upper portion of the right hind paw of 0.2 ml of separately investigated fractions at a protein concentration for C. albicans 3 mg/ml for C. tropicalis 5 mg/ml. After 1 month, for one group, and after 3 months for a second group of test animals after the second injection, the animals carried abdominal infection. After 14 days the animals were carried out inspection and measured results The studies found that the fraction of cells dezintegrata fungi C. albicans and C. tropicalis with a molecular size of 10 kDa at double intramuscular injection of 0.2 ml provides 100% efficacy in the prevention of Candida infections.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document