scholarly journals Tissue- and Population-Level Microbiome Analysis of the Wasp Spider Argiope bruennichi Identified a Novel Dominant Bacterial Symbiont

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M. Sheffer ◽  
Gabriele Uhl ◽  
Stefan Prost ◽  
Tillmann Lueders ◽  
Tim Urich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Silk Glands ◽  
Body Compartments ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Many ecological and evolutionary processes in animals depend upon microbial symbioses. In spiders, the role of the microbiome in these processes remains mostly unknown. We compared the microbiome between populations, individuals, and tissue types of a range-expanding spider, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our study is one of the first to go beyond targeting known endosymbionts in spiders and characterizes the total microbiome across different body compartments (leg, prosoma, hemolymph, book lungs, ovaries, silk glands, midgut, and fecal pellets). Overall, the microbiome differed significantly between populations and individuals, but not between tissue types. The microbiome of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi features a novel dominant bacterial symbiont, which is abundant in every tissue type in spiders from geographically distinct populations and that is also present in offspring. The novel symbiont is affiliated with the Tenericutes, but has low sequence identity (<85%) to all previously named taxa, suggesting that the novel symbiont represents a new bacterial clade. Its presence in offspring implies that it is vertically transmitted. Our results shed light on the processes that shape microbiome differentiation in this species and raise several questions about the implications of the novel dominant bacterial symbiont on the biology and evolution of its host.

scholarly journals Tissue- and population-level microbiome analysis of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi identifies a novel dominant bacterial symbiont

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M. Sheffer ◽  
Gabriele Uhl ◽  
Stefan Prost ◽  
Tillmann Lueders ◽  
Tim Urich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Silk Glands ◽  
Body Compartments ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractMany ecological and evolutionary processes in animals depend upon microbial symbioses. In spiders, the role of the microbiome in these processes remains mostly unknown. We compared the microbiome between populations, individuals, and tissue types of a range-expanding spider, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our study is one of the first to go beyond targeting known endosymbionts in spiders, and characterizes the total microbiome across different body compartments (leg, prosoma, hemolymph, book lungs, ovaries, silk glands, midgut, and fecal pellets). Overall, the microbiome differs significantly between populations and individuals, but not between tissue types. The microbiome of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi features a novel dominant bacterial symbiont, which is abundant in every tissue type in spiders from geographically distinct populations, and present in offspring. The novel symbiont is affiliated with the Tenericutes, but has low sequence identity (<85%) to all previously named taxa, suggesting that the novel symbiont represents a new bacterial clade. Its presence in offspring implies that it is vertically transmitted. Our results shed light on the processes which shape microbiome differentiation in this species, and raise several questions about the implications of the novel dominant bacterial symbiont on the biology and evolution of its host.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota accelerates cisplatin-induced acute liver injury associated with robust inflammation and oxidative stress in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenhai Gong ◽  
Yinglin Feng ◽  
Yunong Zeng ◽  
Huanrui Zhang ◽  
Meiping Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Gut microbiota has been reported to be disrupted by cisplatin, as well as to modulate chemotherapy toxicity. However, the precise role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of cisplatin hepatotoxicity remains unknown. Methods We compared the composition and function of gut microbiota between mice treated with and without cisplatin using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and via metabolomic analysis. For understanding the causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and cisplatin hepatotoxicity, antibiotics were administered to deplete gut microbiota and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed before cisplatin treatment. Results 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomic analysis showed that cisplatin administration caused gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Gut microbiota ablation by antibiotic exposure protected against the hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Interestingly, mice treated with antibiotics dampened the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation and promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation, resulting in decreased levels of both inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver. FMT also confirmed the role of microbiota in individual susceptibility to cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusions This study elucidated the mechanism by which gut microbiota mediates cisplatin hepatotoxicity through enhanced inflammatory response and oxidative stress. This knowledge may help develop novel therapeutic approaches that involve targeting the composition and metabolites of microbiota.

scholarly journals Citroniella saccharovorans gen. nov. sp. nov., a member of the family Peptoniphilaceae isolated from a human fecal sample from a coastal traditional community member

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1142-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha B. Patel ◽  
Alexandra J. Obregón-Tito ◽  
Raul Y. Tito ◽  
Omar Trujillo-Villaroel ◽  
Luis Marin-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Sample ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Novel Bacterium ◽  
The Family ◽  
Diamino Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

A novel Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming coccus-shaped obligately anaerobic bacterium was recovered from a fecal sample obtained from an individual from a traditional community located on the southern coast of Peru. The results of analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated the novel bacterium to be phylogenetically distinct from other genera of members of the Peptoniphilaceae family, sharing a loose affinity with the genera Ezakiella , Finegoldia , Gallicola and Parvimonas . The major cellular fatty acids of the novel isolate were determined to be C16:0, C17:1ω8c, and C18:1ω9c. The DNA G+C content was 29.9 mol%. End products of metabolism from peptone yeast glucose broth (PYG) were determined to be acetate and methyl succinate. The diagnostic diamino acid present in the cell wall was lysine. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic results the organism is a member of a novel genus belonging to the family Peptoniphilaceae for which the name Citroniella saccharovorans gen nov. sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is M6.X9T (DSM 29873T=CCUG 66799T).

scholarly journals Assessing the contribution of biofilm to bacterial growth during stagnation in shower hoses

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2564-2576
Author(s):  
Hongxi Peng ◽  
Ya Zhang ◽  
Ruowei Wang ◽  
Jingqing Liu ◽  
Wen-Tso Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Biological Water ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Stagnation occurs in building water supplies when there is little or no water usage. As a result, the number of bacteria increase, and this often leads to the deterioration of water quality. Still, the role of biofilm in stagnation remains unclear. This study used shower hoses as the model system and investigated the contribution of biofilm and microbes in fresh water to the bacterial growth in water under different stagnation times from 6 to 24 h. Bacterial counts in water were observed to increase significantly after 12 h stagnation but longer stagnation did not lead to further increase, indicating different mechanisms contributing to bacterial growth during stagnation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Sourcetracker2 further confirmed that the contribution of fresh water to the microbial core community did not increase significantly with stagnation time, whereas the contribution of biofilm increased significantly after 24 h stagnation (53.5%) compared with 6 h stagnation (11.2%) (p &lt; 0.05). The present results differentiated the contribution between planktonic and biofilm phase to the bacterial growth during stagnation, and provided insights into its mechanism. These findings serve as a framework for future development of strategies to manage biological water quality at the distal end of the building water supplies.

scholarly journals Streptococcus ursoris sp. nov., isolated from the oral cavities of bears

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Shinozaki-Kuwahara ◽  
Kazuko Takada ◽  
Masatomo Hirasawa
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Sequencing Studies ◽  
Streptococcal Species ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Streptococcus Ratti

Three Gram-positive, catalase-negative, coccus-shaped organisms were isolated from the oral cavities of bears. The isolates were tentatively identified as a streptococcal species based on the results of biochemical tests. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies confirmed that the organisms were members of the genus Streptococcus, but they did not correspond to any recognized species of the genus. The nearest phylogenetic relative of the new isolates was Streptococcus ratti ATCC 19645T (98.6 %), however, DNA–DNA hybridization analysis showed that the isolates displayed less than 15 % DNA–DNA relatedness with the type strain of S. ratti. Colonies of the novel strains grown on mitis salivarius agar showed an extracellular polysaccharide-producing colony morphology. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the novel isolates are classified in the genus Streptococcus as Streptococcus ursoris sp. nov. The type strain of S. ursoris is NUM 1615T (=JCM 16316T=DSM 22768T).

scholarly journals Findings from the microbiota of tooth apical periodontitis and the search for pathogen forgranulomatous inflammation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Hao Xu ◽  
Minghui Wei ◽  
Yuhong Wang ◽  
Wenzhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Normal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Neisseria Subflava ◽  
Foot Pad

Abstract BackgroundOrofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a granulomatous inflammation (GI) disease in maxillofacial region, the underlying cause of it remains unknown. Our previous study demonstrated that tooth apical periodontitis (AP) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of OFG, we aimed here to characterize the AP bacterial signatures of OFG patients, and identify bacteria that may be important pathogens capable of inducing OFG.ResultsThe composition of AP microbiota in OFG cases and common AP controls was compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the results showed a specific AP microbiota signature in OFG patients, characterized by domination of phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria , notably members of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Neisseria. To assess the pathogenicity of the potential pathogens in OFG, we isolated and successfully in vitro cultured Streptococcus, Lactobacillus casei, Neisseria subflava, Veillonella parvula and Actinomyces from OFG patients, and injected the clinical isolates into mice respectively. Ultimately, foot pad injection with N. subflava elicited granulomatous inflammation, and the virulence of N. subflava was verified based on Koch’s postulates.ConclusionsOur findings confirmed the role of bacteria in OFG, and first suggested that the component of the host normal microbiota, N. subflava is likely a pathogen for GI.

scholarly journals Commensal Bifidobacterium Strains Enhance the Efficacy of Neo-Epitope Based Cancer Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Michele Tomasi ◽  
Mattia Dalsass ◽  
Francesco Beghini ◽  
Ilaria Zanella ◽  
Elena Caproni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Large Body ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Cancer Immunity ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

A large body of data both in animals and humans demonstrates that the gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in cancer immunity and in determining the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this work, we have investigated whether and to what extent the gut microbiome can influence the antitumor activity of neo-epitope-based cancer vaccines in a BALB/c-CT26 cancer mouse model. Similarly to that observed in the C57BL/6-B16 model, Bifidobacterium administration per se has a beneficial effect on CT26 tumor inhibition. Furthermore, the combination of Bifidobacterium administration and vaccination resulted in a protection which was superior to vaccination alone and to Bifidobacterium administration alone, and correlated with an increase in the frequency of vaccine-specific T cells. The gut microbiome analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics showed that tumor challenge rapidly altered the microbiome population, with Muribaculaceae being enriched and Lachnospiraceae being reduced. Over time, the population of Muribaculaceae progressively reduced while the Lachnospiraceae population increased—a trend that appeared to be retarded by the oral administration of Bifidobacterium. Interestingly, in some Bacteroidales, Prevotella and Muribaculacee species we identified sequences highly homologous to immunogenic neo-epitopes of CT26 cells, supporting the possible role of “molecular mimicry” in anticancer immunity. Our data strengthen the importance of the microbiome in cancer immunity and suggests a microbiome-based strategy to potentiate neo-epitope-based cancer vaccines.

scholarly journals Bacillus horneckiae sp. nov., isolated from a spacecraft-assembly clean room

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parag Vaishampayan ◽  
Alexander Probst ◽  
Srinivasan Krishnamurthi ◽  
Sudeshna Ghosh ◽  
Shariff Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clean Room ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Five Gram-stain-positive, motile, aerobic strains were isolated from a clean room of the Kennedy Space Center where the Phoenix spacecraft was assembled. All strains are rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria, whose spores were resistant to UV radiation up to 1000 J m−2. The spores were subterminally positioned and produced an external layer. A polyphasic taxonomic study including traditional biochemical tests, fatty acid analysis, cell-wall typing, lipid analyses, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA–DNA hybridization studies was performed to characterize these novel strains. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and lipid analyses convincingly grouped these novel strains within the genus Bacillus as a cluster separate from already described species. The similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequences among the novel strains was >99 %, but the similarity was only about 97 % with their nearest neighbours Bacillus pocheonensis, Bacillus firmus and Bacillus bataviensis. DNA–DNA hybridization dissociation values were <24 % to the closest related type strains. The novel strains had a G+C content 35.6±0.5 mol% and could liquefy gelatin but did not utilize or produce acids from any of the carbon substrates tested. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic results, it is concluded that these strains represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus horneckiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1P01SCT (=NRRL B-59162T =MTCC 9535T).

scholarly journals Microbacterium paludicola sp. nov., a novel xylanolytic bacterium isolated from swamp forest

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Yoon Park ◽  
Kwang Kyu Kim ◽  
Long Jin ◽  
Sung-Taik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acids ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

A xylanolytic bacterium, US15T, was isolated from swamp forest soil in Ulsan, Korea. The cells of the novel strain were Gram-positive, non-motile, short-rod-shaped and showed chemotaxonomic properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Microbacterium. Chemotaxonomic results showed MK-12 and MK-11 as major menaquinones, predominating iso- and anteiso-branched cellular fatty acids, glucose, galactose and mannose as cell-wall sugars, peptidoglycan-type B2β with glycolyl residues and a DNA G+C content of 66·5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that strain US15T was closely related to Microbacterium arborescens IFO 3750T, Microbacterium imperiale IFO 12610T and Microbacterium ulmi LMG 20991T (96·9, 96·8 and 96·2 % similarities, respectively), and formed a separate lineage within the genus Microbacterium. Combined genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain US15T (=DSM 16915T=KCTC 19080T) merits recognition as the type strain of a novel species within the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium paludicola sp. nov. is proposed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document