scholarly journals Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky ST198 in Broiler Chicken Supply Chain and Patients, China, 2010–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiying Xiong ◽  
Shaojun Wang ◽  
Yumei Huang ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Haiyan Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Genomic Island ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance

Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky (S. Kentucky) sequence type 198 has emerged as a global zoonotic pathogen. We explored Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 samples from the broiler chicken supply chain and patients between 2010 and 2016. Here, we collected 180 S. Kentucky isolates from clinical cases and the poultry supply chain. We performed XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. We assessed mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions and screened for the presence of the Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1). We determined that 63 (35.0%) of the 180 isolates were S. Kentucky ST198. Chinese strains of S. Kentucky ST198 have a high transmission of ciprofloxacin resistance (38/63, 60.3%) and a high risk of multidrug resistance. The quinolone resistance of the S. Kentucky ST198 strain found in China may be due to mutations in its quinolone resistance-determining region. Our study firstly revealed that ciprofloxacin-resistant S. Kentucky ST198 strains can undergo cross-host transmission, thereby causing a serious foodborne public health problem in China.

scholarly journals Temporal Trend of ST131 Clone among Urinary Escherichia coli Isolates in the Community: A Taiwan National Surveillance from 2002 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 963
Author(s):  
Jiun-Ling Wang ◽  
Wen-Chien Ko ◽  
Chih-Hsin Hung ◽  
Ming-Fang Cheng ◽  
Hui-Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Susceptible Group

Sequence type (ST) 131 is a multidrug-resistant pandemic lineage of E. coli responsible for extraintestinal infections. Few surveillance data of ST131 included all antimicrobial-susceptible and -resistant isolates or focused on community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI). From a population-based surveillance pool of 2997 outpatient urine E. coli isolates, 542 were selected for detection of ST131 based on ciprofloxacin and/or cefotaxime resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on all ST131 isolates to further determine their relatedness. The estimated overall ST131 prevalence in this community UTI cohort increased from 11.2% (in 2002–2004), 12.2% (in 2006–2008), 13.6% (in 2010–2012), to 17.4% in 2014–2016 (p < 0.01). In the ciprofloxacin-resistant/cefotaxime-resistant group, ST131 increased from 33.3% in 2002–2004 to 72.1% in 2014–2016 (p < 0.01). In the ciprofloxacin-resistant/cefotaxime-susceptible group, ST131 was found in 24.3% overall without significant increase in its prevalence over time. PFGE showed emergence of a cluster of ciprofloxacin-resistant/cefotaxime-resistant ST131 carrying Gr. 1 CTX-M ESBL in 2014–2016, especially 2016. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (≥65 y.o) and ciprofloxacin resistance were independent factors associated with ST131. This longitudinal surveillance showed that ciprofloxacin-resistant/cefotaxime-susceptible ST131 has been circulating in the community since 2002 but ciprofloxacin-resistant/cefotaxime-resistant ST131 increased rapidly in the later years.

scholarly journals Characterization of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Diseased Poultry in Northern China between 2014 and 2018

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jinxin Li ◽  
Fengli Liu ◽  
Yongyou Cheng ◽  
Jingliang Su
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
First Time ◽  
Meat Type

Salmonella infection not only causes acute and chronic diseases in poultry flocks, but the infected poultry are among the most important reservoirs for a variety of Salmonella serovars frequently transmitted to humans. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in local poultry farms in China. Samples (n = 4255), including dead-in-shell embryos, culled day-old-hatchings and 1- to 4-week-old diseased birds, were collected for Salmonella culture from broiler chicken, meat-type duck and pigeon farms in northern China between 2014 and 2018. A total of 103 Salmonella were isolated. S. enterica serovar Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were the most prevalent serovars, representing 53.4% and 34.9% of the isolates, respectively. Serovar diversity was the highest in ducks, with the S. Apeyeme being isolated for the first time from duck tissues. All isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). MLST showed that all S. Enteritidis isolates shared the same sequence type (ST11), and Typhimurium showed several rare STs in addition to ST19. In comparison, PFGE showed better discrimination for S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium isolates, with nine distinct pulsotypes being observed. The isolates exhibited varying degrees of resistance to 15 tested antimicrobials and identified S. Enteritidis isolates (98.18%) with multiple antimicrobial resistance were a cause for concern. Our data on invasive Salmonella infection in meat-type poultry in local farms can be used to identify sources and factors associated with Salmonella spread in poultry and the associated food chain.

scholarly journals Early Strains of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky Sequence Type 198 from Southeast Asia Harbor Salmonella Genomic Island 1-J Variants with a Novel Insertion Sequence

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 5096-5102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Le Hello ◽  
François-Xavier Weill ◽  
Véronique Guibert ◽  
Karine Praud ◽  
Axel Cloeckaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Genomic Island ◽  
Far East ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACTSalmonellagenomic island 1 (SGI1) is a 43-kb integrative mobilizable element that harbors a great diversity of multidrug resistance gene clusters described in numerousSalmonella entericaserovars and also inProteus mirabilis. The majority of SGI1 variants contain an In104-derivative complex class 1 integron inserted between resolvase generesand open reading frame (ORF) S044 in SGI1. Recently, the international spread of ciprofloxacin-resistantS. entericaserovar Kentucky sequence type 198 (ST198) containing SGI1-K variants has been reported. A retrospective study was undertaken to characterize ST198S. Kentucky strains isolated before the spread of the epidemic ST198-SGI1-K population in Africa and the Middle East. Here, we characterized 12 ST198S. Kentucky strains isolated between 1969 and 1999, mainly from humans returning from Southeast Asia (n= 10 strains) or Israel (n= 1 strain) or from meat in Egypt (n= 1 strain). All these ST198S. Kentucky strains did not belong to the XbaI pulsotype X1 associated with the African epidemic clone but to pulsotype X2. SGI1-J subgroup variants containing different complex integrons with a partial transposition module and inserted within ORF S023 of SGI1 were detected in six strains. The SGI1-J4 variant containing a partially deleted class 1 integron and thus showing a narrow resistance phenotype to sulfonamides was identified in two epidemiologically unrelated strains from Indonesia. The four remaining strains harbored a novel SGI1-J variant, named SGI1-J6, which containedaadA2,floR2,tetR(G)-tetA(G), andsul1resistance genes within its complex integron. Moreover, in all theseS. Kentucky isolates, a novel insertion sequence related to the IS630family and named ISSen5was found inserted upstream of the SGI1 complex integron in ORF S023. Thus, two subpopulations ofS. Kentucky ST198 independently and exclusively acquired the SGI1 during the 1980s and 1990s. Unlike the ST198-X1 African epidemic subpopulation, the ST198-X2 subpopulation mainly from Asia harbors variants of the SGI1-J subgroup that are encountered mainly in the Far East, as previously described forS. entericaserovars Emek and Virchow.

scholarly journals Long-Term Dissemination of CTX-M-5-Producing Hypermutable Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Sequence Type 328 Strains in Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 5202-5210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varvara K. Kozyreva ◽  
Elena N. Ilina ◽  
Maja V. Malakhova ◽  
Alessandra Carattoli ◽  
Ilya S. Azizov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present evidence of long-term circulation of cefotaxime-resistant clonally relatedSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium strains over a broad geographic area. The genetic relatedness of 88 isolates collected from multiple outbreaks and sporadic cases of nosocomial salmonellosis in various parts of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan from 1996 to 2009 was established by multilocus tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The isolates belong to sequence type 328 (ST328) and produce CTX-M-5 β-lactamase, whose gene is carried by highly related non-self-conjugative but mobilizable plasmids. Resistance to nalidixic acid and low-level resistance to ciprofloxacin is present in 37 (42%) of the isolates and in all cases is determined by various single point mutations in thegyrAgene quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR). Isolates of the described clonal group exhibit a hypermutable phenotype that probably facilitates independent acquisition of quinolone resistance mutations.

scholarly journals Two Novel Salmonella Genomic Island 1 Variants in Proteus mirabilis Isolates from Swine Farms in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 4336-4338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Wei Lei ◽  
An-Yun Zhang ◽  
Bi-Hui Liu ◽  
Hong-Ning Wang ◽  
Li-Qin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Genomic Island ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Novel Variant

ABSTRACTFour differentSalmonellagenomic island 1 (SGI1) variants, including two novel variants, were characterized in oneSalmonella entericaserovar Rissen sequence type ST1917 isolate and threeProteus mirabilisisolates from swine farms in China. One novel variant was derived from SGI1-B with the backbone gene S021 disrupted by a 12.72-kb IS26composite transposon containing thedfrA17-aadA5cassettes and macrolide inactivation gene clustermphA-mrx-mphR. The other one was an integron-free SGI1 and contained a 183-bp truncated S025 next to IS6100and S044.

scholarly journals AcrAB-TolC Directs Efflux-Mediated Multidrug Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 3729-3735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Baucheron ◽  
Shaun Tyler ◽  
David Boyd ◽  
Michael R. Mulvey ◽  
Elisabeth Chaslus-Dancla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Genomic Island ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Efflux System ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (DT104) strains harbor a genomic island, called Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), which contains an antibiotic resistance gene cluster conferring resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. They may be additionally resistant to quinolones. Among the antibiotic resistance genes there are two, i.e., floR and tet(G), which code for efflux pumps of the major facilitator superfamily with 12 transmembrane segments that confer resistance to chloramphenicol-florfenicol and the tetracyclines, respectively. In the present study we determined, by constructing acrB and tolC mutants, the role of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux system in the multidrug resistance of several DT104 strains displaying additional quinolone resistance or not displaying quinolone resistance. This study shows that the quinolone resistance and the decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibilities of the strains are highly dependent on the AcrAB-TolC efflux system and that single mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA are of little relevance in mediating this resistance. Overproduction of the AcrAB efflux pump, as determined by Western blotting with an anti-AcrA polyclonal antibody, appeared to be the major mechanism of resistance to quinolones. Moreover, chloramphenicol-florfenicol and tetracycline resistance also appeared to be highly dependent on the presence of AcrAB-TolC, since the introduction of mutations in the respective acrB and tolC genes resulted in a susceptible or intermediate resistance phenotype, according to clinical MIC breakpoints, despite the presence of the FloR and Tet(G) efflux pumps. Resistance to other antibiotics, ampicillin, streptomycin, and sulfonamides, was not affected in the acrB and tolC mutants of DT104 strains harboring SGI1. Therefore, AcrAB-TolC appears to direct efflux-mediated resistance to quinolones, chloramphenicol-florfenicol, and tetracyclines in multidrug-resistant S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 strains.

scholarly journals The Occurrence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica in Hatcheries and Dissemination in an Integrated Broiler Chicken Operation in Korea

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Ke Shang ◽  
Bai Wei ◽  
Se-Yeoun Cha ◽  
Jun-Feng Zhang ◽  
Jong-Yeol Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Susceptible Isolate ◽  
Horizontal Spread ◽  
Salmonella Control

Positive identification rates of Salmonella enterica in hatcheries and upstream breeder farms were 16.4% (36/220) and 3.0% (6/200), respectively. Among the Salmonella serovars identified in the hatcheries, S. enterica ser. Albany (17/36, 47.2%) was the most prevalent, followed by the serovars S. enterica ser. Montevideo (11/36, 30.6%) and S. enterica ser. Senftenberg (5/36, 13.9%), which were also predominant. Thirty-six isolates showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial tested, of which 52.8% (n = 19) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Thirty-three isolates (enrofloxacin, MIC ≥ 0.25) showed point mutations in the gyrA and parC genes. One isolate, S. enterica ser. Virchow, carrying the blaCTX-M-15 gene from the breeder farm was ceftiofur resistant. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that 52.0% S. enterica ser. Montevideo and 29.6% S. enterica ser. Albany isolates sourced from the downstream of hatcheries along the broiler chicken supply chain carried the same PFGE types as those of the hatcheries. Thus, the hatcheries showed a high prevalence of Salmonella isolates with high antimicrobial resistance and no susceptible isolate. The AMR isolates from hatcheries originating from breeder farms could disseminate to the final retail market along the broiler chicken supply chain. The emergence of AMR Salmonella in hatcheries may be due to the horizontal spread of resistant isolates. Therefore, Salmonella control in hatcheries, particularly its horizontal transmission, is important.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strain YU15 (Sequence Type 19) Harboring the Salmonella Genomic Island 1 and Virulence Plasmid pSTV

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Silva ◽  
Edmundo Calva ◽  
José L. Puente ◽  
Mussaret B. Zaidi ◽  
Pablo Vinuesa
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Genomic Island ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

The complete genome of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium sequence type 19 (ST19) strain YU15, isolated in Yucatán, Mexico, from a human baby stool culture, was determined using PacBio technology. The chromosome contains five intact prophages and the Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1). This strain carries the Salmonella virulence plasmid pSTV.

scholarly journals Trends in Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Salmonella enterica Isolates from Humans in Belgium, 2009 to 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 544-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter-Jan Ceyssens ◽  
Wesley Mattheus ◽  
Raymond Vanhoof ◽  
Sophie Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Class A ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
The Family ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Overall Resistance

ABSTRACTThe Belgian National Reference Centre forSalmonellareceived 16,544 human isolates ofSalmonella entericabetween January 2009 and December 2013. Although 377 different serotypes were identified, the landscape is dominated byS. entericaserovars Typhimurium (55%) and Enteritidis (19%) in a ratio which is inverse to European Union averages. With outbreaks ofSalmonellaserotypes Ohio, Stanley, and Paratyphi B variant Java as prime examples, 20 serotypes displayed significant fluctuations in this 5-year period. Typhoid strains account for 1.2% of Belgian salmonellosis cases. Large-scale antibiotic susceptibility analyses (n= 4,561; panel of 12 antibiotics) showed declining resistance levels inS. Enteritis and Typhimurium isolates for 8 and 3 tested agents, respectively. Despite low overall resistance to ciprofloxacin (4.4%) and cefotaxime (1.6%), we identified clonal lineages ofSalmonellaserotypes Kentucky and Infantis displaying rising resistance against these clinically important drugs. Quinolone resistance is mainly mediated by serotype-specific mutations in GyrA residues Ser83 and Asp87 (92.2% not wild type), while an additional ParC_Ser80Ile mutation leads to ciprofloxacin resistance in 95.5%S. Kentucky isolates, which exceeds European averages. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) allelesqnrA1(n= 1),qnrS(n= 9),qnrD1(n= 4), andqnrB(n= 4) were found in only 3.0% of 533 isolates resistant to nalidixic acid. In cefotaxime-resistant isolates, we identified a broad range of Ambler class A and C β-lactamase genes (e.g.,blaSHV-12,blaTEM-52,blaCTX-M-14, andblaCTX-M-15) commonly associated with members of the familyEnterobacteriaceae. In conclusion, resistance to fluoroquinolones and cefotaxime remains rare in humanS. enterica, but clonal resistant serotypes arise, and continued (inter)national surveillance is mandatory to understand the origin and routes of dissemination thereof.

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