scholarly journals Identification of a Novel Yersinia enterocolitica Strain from Bats in Association with a Bat Die-Off That Occurred in Georgia (Caucasus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1000
Author(s):  
Tata Imnadze ◽  
Ioseb Natradze ◽  
Ekaterine Zhgenti ◽  
Lile Malania ◽  
Natalia Abazashvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Enterocolitica Strain ◽  
Distinct Cluster ◽  
Current Report

Yersinia entercolitica is a bacterial species within the genus Yersinia, mostly known as a human enteric pathogen, but also recognized as a zoonotic agent widespread in domestic pigs. Findings of this bacterium in wild animals are very limited. The current report presents results of the identification of cultures of Y. entercolitica from dead bats after a massive bat die-off in a cave in western Georgia. The growth of bacterial colonies morphologically suspected as Yersinia was observed from three intestine tissues of 11 bats belonging to the Miniopterus schreibersii species. These three isolates were identified as Y. enterocolitica based on the API29 assay. No growth of Brucella or Francisella bacteria was observed from tissues of dead bats. Full genomes (a size between 4.6–4.7 Mbp) of the Yersinia strains isolated from bats were analyzed. The phylogenetic sequence analyses of the genomes demonstrated that all strains were nearly identical and formed a distinct cluster with the closest similarity to the environmental isolate O:36/1A. The bat isolates represent low-pathogenicity Biotype 1A strains lacking the genes for the Ail, Yst-a, Ysa, and virulence plasmid pYV, while containing the genes for Inv, YstB, and MyfA. Further characterization of the novel strains cultured from bats can provide a clue for the determination of the pathogenic properties of those strains.

scholarly journals A New Flavivirus and a New Vector: Characterization of a Novel Flavivirus Isolated from Uranotaenia Mosquitoes from a Tropical Rain Forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 4462-4468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Junglen ◽  
Anne Kopp ◽  
Andreas Kurth ◽  
Georg Pauli ◽  
Heinz Ellerbrok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cell Culture Supernatant ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Ns3 Protein ◽  
Distinct Cluster ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Novel Virus

ABSTRACT A novel flavivirus was isolated from Uranotaenia mashonaensis, a mosquito genus not previously known to harbor flaviviruses. Mosquitoes were caught in the primary rain forest of the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire. The novel virus, termed nounané virus (NOUV), seemed to grow only on C6/36 insect cells and not on vertebrate cells. Typical enveloped flavivirus-like particles of 60 to 65 nm in diameter were detected by electron microscopy in the cell culture supernatant of infected cells. The full genome was sequenced, and potential cleavage and glycosylation sites and cysteine residues were identified, suggesting that the processing of the NOUV polyprotein is similar to that of other flaviviruses. Phylogenetic analyses of the whole polyprotein and the NS3 protein showed that the virus forms a distinct cluster within the clade of mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Only a distant relationship to other known flaviviruses was found, indicating that NOUV is a novel lineage within the Flaviviridae.

scholarly journals Open Database Searching Enables the Identification and Comparison of Bacterial Glycoproteomes without Defining Glycan Compositions Prior to Searching

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1561-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameera Raudah Ahmad Izaham ◽  
Nichollas E. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Database Searching ◽  
Modified Peptides ◽  
Fetus Subsp ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Bacterial Proteomes

Mass spectrometry has become an indispensable tool for the characterization of glycosylation across biological systems. Our ability to generate rich fragmentation of glycopeptides has dramatically improved over the last decade yet our informatic approaches still lag behind. Although glycoproteomic informatics approaches using glycan databases have attracted considerable attention, database independent approaches have not. This has significantly limited high throughput studies of unusual or atypical glycosylation events such as those observed in bacteria. As such, computational approaches to examine bacterial glycosylation and identify chemically diverse glycans are desperately needed. Here we describe the use of wide-tolerance (up to 2000 Da) open searching as a means to rapidly examine bacterial glycoproteomes. We benchmarked this approach using N-linked glycopeptides of Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus as well as O-linked glycopeptides of Acinetobacter baumannii and Burkholderia cenocepacia revealing glycopeptides modified with a range of glycans can be readily identified without defining the glycan masses before database searching. Using this approach, we demonstrate how wide tolerance searching can be used to compare glycan use across bacterial species by examining the glycoproteomes of eight Burkholderia species (B. pseudomallei; B. multivorans; B. dolosa; B. humptydooensis; B. ubonensis, B. anthina; B. diffusa; B. pseudomultivorans). Finally, we demonstrate how open searching enables the identification of low frequency glycoforms based on shared modified peptides sequences. Combined, these results show that open searching is a robust computational approach for the determination of glycan diversity within bacterial proteomes.

scholarly journals Genetic and Antigenetic Characterization of the Novel Kotalahti Bat Lyssavirus (KBLV)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Sten Calvelage ◽  
Niina Tammiranta ◽  
Tiina Nokireki ◽  
Tuija Gadd ◽  
Elisa Eggerbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Novel Species ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ion Torrent ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Cross Neutralization ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Demarcation Criteria ◽  
Generation Sequencing

There is a growing diversity of bat-associated lyssaviruses in the Old World. In August 2017, a dead Brandt’s bat (Myotis brandtii) tested positive for rabies and based on partial sequence analysis, the novel Kotalahti bat lyssavirus (KBLV) was identified. Because the bat was in an autolyzed state, isolation of KBLV was neither successful after three consecutive cell passages on cells nor in mice. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was applied using Ion Torrent ™ S5 technology coupled with target enrichment via hybridization-based capture (myBaits®) was used to sequence 99% of the genome, comprising of 11,878 nucleotides (nt). KBLV is most closely related to EBLV-2 (78.7% identity), followed by KHUV (79.0%) and BBLV (77.6%), supporting the assignment as phylogroup I lyssavirus. Interestingly, all of these lyssaviruses were also isolated from bat species of the genus Myotis, thus supporting that M. brandtii is likely the reservoir host. All information on antigenic and genetic divergence fulfil the species demarcation criteria by ICTV, so that we recommend KBLV as a novel species within the Lyssavirus genus. Next to sequence analyses, assignment to phylogroup I was functionally corroborated by cross-neutralization of G-deleted RABV, pseudotyped with KBLV-G by sera from RABV vaccinated humans. This suggests that conventional RABV vaccines also confer protection against the novel KBLV.

Preparation and characterization of [Cu2Cl4L2]: The first structural determination of a complex containing the novel ligand 2-(2′-pyridyl)quinoxaline (L)

Polyhedron ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2069-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Plakatouras ◽  
Nick Hadjiliadis ◽  
Spyros P. Perlepes ◽  
Alberto Albinati ◽  
George Kalkanis
Keyword(s):  
Structural Determination ◽  
The Novel

scholarly journals Bacterial population genetics, evolution and epidemiology

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1384) ◽  
pp. 701-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian G. Spratt ◽  
Martin C. J. Maiden
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Population Structures

Asexual bacterial populations inevitably consist of an assemblage of distinct clonal lineages. However, bacterial populations are not entirely asexual since recombinational exchanges occur, mobilizing small genome segments among lineages and species. The relative contribution of recombination, as opposed to de novo mutation, in the generation of new bacterial genotypes varies among bacterial populations and, as this contribution increases, the clonality of a given population decreases. In consequence, a spectrum of possible population structures exists, with few bacterial species occupying the extremes of highly clonal and completely non–clonal, most containing both clonal and non–clonal elements. The analysis of collections of bacterial isolates, which accurately represent the natural population, by nucleotide sequence determination of multiple housekeeping loci provides data that can be used both to investigate the population structure of bacterial pathogens and for the molecular characterization of bacterial isolates. Understanding the population structure of a given pathogen is important since it impacts on the questions that can be addressed by, and the methods and samples required for, effective molecular epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Study of a Natural Mutant SHV-Typeβ-Lactamase, SHV-104, fromKlebsiella pneumoniae

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahed Ben Achour ◽  
Omrane Belhadj ◽  
Moreno Galleni ◽  
Mohamed Ben Moussa ◽  
Paola Sandra Mercuri
Keyword(s):  
Salt Bridge ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Novel Variant ◽  
The Military

Klebsiella pneumoniaeML2011, a multiresistant isolate, was isolated from the Military Hospital of Tunis (Tunisia). The determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations exhibited byK. pneumoniaeML2011 was performed by Etest. The crude extract of the isolates contains four differentβ-lactamases with pI 5.5, 7.3, 7.6, and 8.6. Only theβ-lactamases with pI 7.3 and pI 8.6 were transferred by transformation and conjugation experiment. Molecular characterization of these genes was performed by PCR and sequencing. The chromosomalβ-lactamases are TEM (pI 5.5) and SHV-1 (7.6). CTX-M-28 (pI 8.6) and the novel variant of SHV named SHV-104 (pI 7.3) were encoded byblagene located on a 50 kb highly conjugative plasmid. The SHV-104β-lactamase was produced inE. coliand purified. Its profile of activity was determined. Compared to SHV-1, SHV-104 contains one mutation, R202S. Their kinetic parameters were similar except for cefotaxime. The analysis of the predicted structure of SHV-104 indicated that the R202S mutation suppresses a salt bridge present in SHV-1. Therefore, the overall flexibility of the protein increased and might improve the hydrolysis of cefotaxime. We can conclude that the multiresistant phenotype ofK. pneumoniaeML2011 strain is mainly linked to the production of CTX-M-28 since SHV-104 possesses a narrow spectrum of activity.

An Evaluation of Dilution Rheology for the Characterization of Long Chain Branching of Polyethylenes

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choon K. Chai ◽  
Swe Chong Ang
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Branch Points ◽  
Chain Branching ◽  
Long Chain Branching ◽  
Topological Parameters ◽  
Rheological Method ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract The purpose of this paper was to re-evaluate the novel rheological method of Crosby et al. [J. Rheol. 46 (2002) 401] to characterise long chain branching (LCB) in polyethylenes (PE) using the rheology of concentrated solutions. The feasibility of this dilution method centred on knowing the class of branched material and the molecular tube theory-based technique for the determination of two topological parameters (n, bU), where n is the number of entanglements between branch points while bU is the probability of meeting a branch point when tracing along the molecule from a random monomer against the direction of polymerisation. This paper proposes new possible approaches to calculate the two topological parameters (n, bU) set for metallocene polyethylenes (mPE), and their ambiguity discussed, as the results are dependent on the approach taken, though the previous authors mentioned only one. In addition, their approach requires an input value of LCB/1000C obtained from the standard analytical solution (SEC-V or SEC-LALLS) methods, hence, until now, without proper demonstration of the potential advantage of the dilution rheology method for LCB characterisation, as the main premise of their published article was to characterise the degree of LCB via rheological measurements without recourse to other methods of LCB characterisation.

A novel method for the determination of linting propensity of paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRA GERLI ◽  
LEENDERT C. EIGENBROOD
Keyword(s):  
Ash Content ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
Bottom Side ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Total Fraction

A novel method was developed for the determination of linting propensity of paper based on printing with an IGT printability tester and image analysis of the printed strips. On average, the total fraction of the surface removed as lint during printing is 0.01%-0.1%. This value is lower than those reported in most laboratory printing tests, and more representative of commercial offset printing applications. Newsprint paper produced on a roll/blade former machine was evaluated for linting propensity using the novel method and also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. Laboratory and commercial printing results matched well, showing that linting was higher for the bottom side of paper than for the top side, and that linting could be reduced on both sides by application of a dry-strength additive. In a second case study, varying wet-end conditions were used on a hybrid former machine to produce four paper reels, with the goal of matching the low linting propensity of the paper produced on a machine with gap former configuration. We found that the retention program, by improving fiber fines retention, substantially reduced the linting propensity of the paper produced on the hybrid former machine. The papers were also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. An excellent correlation was found between the total lint area removed from the bottom side of the paper samples during laboratory printing and lint collected on halftone areas of the first upper printing unit after 45000 copies. Finally, the method was applied to determine the linting propensity of highly filled supercalendered paper produced on a hybrid former machine. In this case, the linting propensity of the bottom side of paper correlated with its ash content.

Characterization of Impressed Current Technique to Model Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Abu Zakir Morshed ◽  
Sheikh Shakib ◽  
Tanzim Jahin
Keyword(s):  
Immersion Time ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Engineering Science ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Faraday’S Law ◽  
Current Technique ◽  
Corrosion Cell ◽  
Impressed Current

Corrosion of reinforcement is an important durability concern for the structures exposed to coastal regions. Since corrosion of reinforcement involves long periods of time, impressed current technique is usually used to accelerate the corrosion of reinforcement in laboratories. Characterization of impressed current technique was the main focus of this research,which involved determination of optimum chloride content and minimum immersion time of specimens for which the application of Faraday’s law could be efficient. To obtain optimum chloride content, the electrolytes in the corrosion cell were prepared similar to that of concrete pore solutions. Concrete prisms of 200 mm by 200 mm by 300 mm were used to determine the minimum immersion time for saturation. It was found that the optimum chloride content was 35 gm/L and the minimum immersion time for saturation was 140 hours. Accounting the results, a modified expression based on Faraday’s law was proposed to calculate weight loss due to corrosion. Journal of Engineering Science 11(1), 2020, 93-99

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