scholarly journals Functional and Phylogenetic Diversity of BSH and PVA Enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Jack W. Daly ◽  
Stephen J. Keely ◽  
Cormac G. M. Gahan
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Bile Acid Pool ◽  
Penicillin V Acylase ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Functional And Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Bile Acid Receptors

Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and penicillin V acylase (PVA) are related enzymes that are classified as choloylglycine hydrolases (CGH). BSH enzymes have attracted significant interest for their ability to modulate the composition of the bile acid pool, alter bile acid signaling events mediated by the host bile acid receptors FXR and TGR5 and influence cholesterol homeostasis in the host, while PVA enzymes have been widely utilised in an industrial capacity in the production of semi-synthetic antibiotics. The similarities between BSH and PVA enzymes suggest common evolution of these enzymes and shared mechanisms for substrate binding and catalysis. Here, we compare BSH and PVA through analysis of the distribution, phylogeny and biochemistry of these microbial enzymes. The development of new annotation approaches based upon functional enzyme analyses and the potential implications of BSH enzymes for host health are discussed.

Use of environmental DNA in assessment of fish functional and phylogenetic diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Marques ◽  
Paul Castagné ◽  
Andréa Polanco Fernández ◽  
Giomar Helena Borrero‐Pérez ◽  
Régis Hocdé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Functional And Phylogenetic Diversity

scholarly journals Lactobacillus delbrueckii Interfere With Bile Acid Enterohepatic Circulation to Regulate Cholesterol Metabolism of Growing–Finishing Pigs via Its Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaifeng Hou ◽  
Wei Peng ◽  
Liangkai Wei ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Yong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor

Microbiota-targeted therapies for hypercholesterolemia get more and more attention and are recognized as an effective strategy for preventing and treating cardiovascular disease. The experiment was conducted to investigate the cholesterol-lowering mechanism of Lactobacillus delbrueckii in a pig model. Twelve barrows (38.70 ± 5.33 kg) were randomly allocated to two groups and fed corn–soybean meal diets with either 0% (Con) or 0.1% Lactobacillus delbrueckii (Con + LD) for 28 days. L. delbrueckii–fed pigs had lower serum contents of total cholesterol (TC), total bile acids (TBAs), and triglyceride, but higher fecal TC and TBA excretion. L. delbrueckii treatment increased ileal Lactobacillus abundance and bile acid (BA) deconjugation and affected serum and hepatic BA composition. Dietary L. delbrueckii downregulated the gene expression of ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) and ileal bile acid binding protein (IBABP), and hepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast growth factor (FGF19), and small heterodimer partner (SHP), but upregulated hepatic high-density lipoprotein receptor (HDLR), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and cholesterol-7α hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expression. Our results provided in vivo evidence that L. delbrueckii promote ileal BA deconjugation with subsequent fecal TC and TBA extraction by modifying ileal microbiota composition and induce hepatic BA neosynthesis via regulating gut–liver FXR–FGF19 axis.

Overexpression of sterol 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8b1): Effect on rates of cholic acid (CA) synthesis and alteration in bile acid pool composition

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A1
Author(s):  
William M. Pandak ◽  
Phillip B. Hylemon ◽  
Patricia Bohdan ◽  
Ingemar Bjorkhem ◽  
Gosta Eggertsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Bile Acid Pool ◽  
Acid Pool

scholarly journals Regulation of Bile Acid and Cholesterol Metabolism by PPARs

PPAR Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiangang Li ◽  
John Y. L. Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Therapeutic Implications

Bile acids are amphipathic molecules synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. Bile acid synthesis is a major pathway for hepatic cholesterol catabolism. Bile acid synthesis generates bile flow which is important for biliary secretion of free cholesterol, endogenous metabolites, and xenobiotics. Bile acids are biological detergents that facilitate intestinal absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. Recent studies suggest that bile acids are important metabolic regulators of lipid, glucose, and energy homeostasis. Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, PPARγ, PPARδ) regulate lipoprotein metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, glucose homeostasis and inflammation, and therefore are used as anti-diabetic drugs for treatment of dyslipidemia and insulin insistence. Recent studies have shown that activation of PPARαalters bile acid synthesis, conjugation, and transport, and also cholesterol synthesis, absorption and reverse cholesterol transport. This review will focus on the roles of PPARs in the regulation of pathways in bile acid and cholesterol homeostasis, and the therapeutic implications of using PPAR agonists for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Liver-Specific β-Catenin Knockout Mice Exhibit Defective Bile Acid and Cholesterol Homeostasis and Increased Susceptibility to Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 744-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaideep Behari ◽  
Tzu-Hsuan Yeh ◽  
Lindsay Krauland ◽  
Wade Otruba ◽  
Benjamin Cieply ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

scholarly journals Climate and plant community diversity in space and time

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 4464-4470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Harrison ◽  
Marko J. Spasojevic ◽  
Daijiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Drying Trend ◽  
Functional And Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Over Time

Climate strongly shapes plant diversity over large spatial scales, with relatively warm and wet (benign, productive) regions supporting greater numbers of species. Unresolved aspects of this relationship include what causes it, whether it permeates to community diversity at smaller spatial scales, whether it is accompanied by patterns in functional and phylogenetic diversity as some hypotheses predict, and whether it is paralleled by climate-driven changes in diversity over time. Here, studies of Californian plants are reviewed and new analyses are conducted to synthesize climate–diversity relationships in space and time. Across spatial scales and organizational levels, plant diversity is maximized in more productive (wetter) climates, and these consistent spatial relationships are mirrored in losses of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity over time during a recent climatic drying trend. These results support the tolerance and climatic niche conservatism hypotheses for climate–diversity relationships, and suggest there is some predictability to future changes in diversity in water-limited climates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document