scholarly journals Preventing Extinction of a Critically Endangered Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. ochroleua in Britain Using Symbiotic Seedlings for Reintroduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1421
Author(s):  
Viswambharan Sarasan ◽  
Tim Pankhurst ◽  
Kazutomo Yokoya ◽  
Sridevy Sriskandarajah ◽  
Faye McDiarmid
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
The Family ◽  
Viable Population ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Uk

The yellow early marsh-orchid (Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. ochroleuca) is critically endangered in the UK. Reintroduction of this threatened orchid to former haunts that have been restored is a long-term objective of this study. Identifying germination-specific mycorrhizal fungus lineages from closely related species is used as a method due to the extremely small number of plants left in the wild. A putative orchid mycorrhizal fungus of the family Tulasnellaceae, isolated from Dactylorhiza praetermissa, supported in vitro seed germination to produce reintroduction-ready seedlings. Reintroduced symbiotic seedlings survived over the winter months in the flooded reintroduction site (RS). The comparative soil analysis for key nutrients before reintroduction showed that phosphorus content in the RS is very low compared to the soil collected from the wild site (WS) where the last viable population exists. On the other hand, C:N ratio in the soil at the WS and RS were not significantly different. To our knowledge, this is the first-ever report on the reintroduction of symbiotic seedlings of a threatened orchid back to the wild in the UK.

Transmission dynamics and mechanisms of endemicity of scrapie in the UK sheep population

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. TRUSCOTT ◽  
N. M. FERGUSON
Keyword(s):  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYScrapie is a fatal neurological disease of sheep which is endemic in the United Kingdom. It is one of the family of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) that includes BSE. In this paper, we developed a micro-simulation model for scrapie in the UK sheep population, incorporating the genetic and structural diversity of the population and infectious contact between flocks through trading. The simulation was fitted to epidemiological data from a range of sources. We found a detection/reporting probability of 16% (95% CI 12–17) for animals dying of scrapie. Prevalence of infected animals in the population was about 0·15%. Infected individuals were found in 9% of flocks overall, rising to 60% in Shetland and 75% in Swaledale flocks. Mean values of R0 for flocks varied with breed from 2·43 (Shetland) to 0·21 (Suffolk). We also examined the possible long-term persistence of scrapie in the UK flock in the absence of any intervention.

scholarly journals The Critically Endangered Myanmar snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus strykeri found in the Salween River Basin, China

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Yang ◽  
Ying-Ping Tian ◽  
Chen-Xiang He ◽  
Zhipang Huang ◽  
Shao-Hua Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Transect Sampling ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Disturbed Forest ◽  
Endangered Status ◽  
Salween River

AbstractThe Myanmar snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus strykeri was discovered in 2010 on the western slopes of the Gaoligong Mountains in the Irrawaddy River basin in Myanmar and subsequently in the same river basin in China, in 2011. Based on 2 years of surveying the remote and little disturbed forest of the Gaoligong Mountains National Nature Reserve in China, with outline transect sampling and infrared camera monitoring, a breeding group comprising > 70 individuals was found on the eastern slopes of the Gaoligong Mountains in the Salween River Basin. Given the Critically Endangered status of this primate (a total of < 950 individuals are estimated to remain in the wild), efforts to protect the relatively undisturbed habitat of this newly discovered population and to prevent hunting are essential for the long-term survival of this species.

scholarly journals A successful reintroduction of European otters

Oryx ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
Philip Wayre
Keyword(s):  
East Anglia ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Uk

When the Otter Trust was set up in the UK in 1972, one of its long-term intentions was to restore European otters to suitable wild habitat. In 1982, this aim came to fruition with the release of three captive-bred otters into a river in East Anglia. These otters have now bred in the wild and further releases continue to add to the success of the project. The author is Chairman of the Otter Trust.

scholarly journals Status of a second viable population of the Critically Endangered Delacour's langur in Viet Nam

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Trinh-Dinh ◽  
Minh Le ◽  
Nguyen Manh Ha
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Viable Population ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

Abstract One of the three Critically Endangered and endemic primate species in Viet Nam, Delacour's langur Trachypithecus delacouri, is restricted to the north of the country. The largest remaining population is in Van Long Nature Reserve, Ninh Binh Province, and the second largest is in nearby Kim Bang Protection Forest, Ha Nam Province, with other populations believed to be too small for recovery. The population in Van Long has been well studied but the status of that of Kim Bang has not previously been adequately evaluated. To address this, a survey was conducted during 10 August–7 October 2018. In total, we recorded 13 groups comprising a total of at least 73 individuals, almost doubling the highest number reported in previous studies. We documented six new groups in Lien Son and Ba Sao communes in Kim Bang. Our findings indicate there is a high likelihood that Delacour's langur population in Kim Bang will recover and could be important for the long-term conservation of this Critically Endangered species. However, immediate and appropriate conservation measures need to be implemented to protect the population from major anthropogenic threats, namely poaching and habitat destruction, detected during our survey.

scholarly journals Integrated conservation for Parakmeria omeiensis (Magnoliaceae), a Critically Endangered plant species endemic to south-west China

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-465
Author(s):  
Daoping Yu ◽  
Xiangying Wen ◽  
Cehong Li ◽  
Tieyi Xiong ◽  
Qixin Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
West China ◽  
South West ◽  
The Family ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Integrated Conservation

AbstractParakmeria omeiensis is a Critically Endangered tree species in the family Magnoliaceae, endemic to south-west China. The tree is functionally dioecious, but little is known about the species’ status in the wild. We investigated the range, population size, age structure, habitat characteristics and threats to P. omeiensis. We located a total of 74 individuals in two populations on the steep slopes of Mount Emei, Sichuan province, growing under the canopy of evergreen broadleaved forest in well-drained gravel soil. A male-biased sex ratio, lack of effective pollinating insects, and habitat destruction result in low seed set and poor seedling survival in the wild. We have adopted an integrated conservation approach, including strengthening in situ conservation, cultivation of saplings, ex situ conservation and reintroduction, to protect this species. The successful conservation of P. omeiensis has important implications for the conservation of the genus Parakmeria and the family Magnoliaceae.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation enables long-term conservation of critically endangered species Rubus humulifolius

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaanika Edesi ◽  
Jonne Tolonen ◽  
Anna Liisa Ruotsalainen ◽  
Jouni Aspi ◽  
Hely Häggman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Preservation Method

Abstract Ex situ storage plays an important role in the conservation of plant biodiversity. Cryopreservation at ultra-low temperatures (−  196 °C) is the only long-term ex situ preservation method for plant species that cannot be stored in seed banks. In the present study, we developed a cryopreservation protocol for micropropagated Rubus humulifolius (Rosaceae) plants representing currently critically endangered population of the species in Finland. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been found to increase the freezing tolerance of several plant species. Thus, we studied the effect of a 10-day pretreatment with 0, 2 or 4 mg/l ABA in comparison to freshly dissected buds. We also studied how the duration of in vitro subculture affects cryopreservation result. The ABA pretreatment had divergent effect on control and cryopreserved buds: the regeneration of non-cryopreserved control buds increased from 51% to 70%, 90% or 87% while the regeneration of cryopreserved buds decreased from 52% to 35%, 6% or 9% after 0, 2 or 4 mg/l ABA pre-treatments, respectively. Buds from plants subcultured for 1 month had 63% survival, which, however, decreased to 29% or nil% after 2 or 4 months subculture. The regenerated plants were successfully transferred from in vitro to in vivo conditions in common garden. Growing in garden is needed for future restoration of the species in wild. Cryostorage and other ex situ conservation actions carried out in botanical gardens may be of increasing importance as a tool to maintain plant biodiversity in the future.

scholarly journals Telomere dynamics rather than age predict life expectancy in the wild

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1662) ◽  
pp. 1679-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Bize ◽  
François Criscuolo ◽  
Neil B Metcalfe ◽  
Lubna Nasir ◽  
Pat Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Telomere Dynamics

Despite accumulating evidence from in vitro studies that cellular senescence is linked to telomere dynamics, how this relates to whole-organism senescence and longevity is poorly understood and controversial. Using data on telomere length in red blood cells and long-term survival from wild Alpine swifts of a range of ages, we report that the telomere length and the rate of telomere loss are predictive of life expectancy, and that slow erosion of relatively long telomeres is associated with the highest survival probabilities. Importantly, because telomere dynamics, rather than chronological age, predict life expectancy, our study provides good evidence for a mechanistic link between telomere erosion and reduced organism longevity under natural conditions, chronological age itself possibly not becoming a significant predictor until very old ages beyond those in our sample.

scholarly journals A pre-zygotic barrier to hybridization in two con-generic species of scleractinian corals

F1000Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew H. Baird ◽  
Vivian R. Cumbo ◽  
Joana Figueiredo ◽  
Saki Harii
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Evolutionary Novelty ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
The Family ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
In The Wild

Hybridization is often cited as a potential source of evolutionary novelty in the order Scleractinia. While hybrid embryos can be produced in vitro, it has been difficult to identify adult hybrids in the wild. Here, we tested the potential for hybridization between two closely related species in the family Fungiidae. We mixed approximately 5000 eggs of Ctenactis echinata with sperm from Ctenactis crass. No hybrid embryos were produced. This observation adds to a growing body of evidence for pre-zygotic barriers to hybridization in corals and challenges the claim that hybridization is a major source of evolutionary novelty in the order.

8. Family life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Clayton ◽  
Georgina Firth ◽  
Caroline Sawyer ◽  
Rowena Moffatt ◽  
Helena Wray
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Family Members ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

Course-focused and comprehensive, the Textbook on series provides an accessible overview of the key areas on the law curriculum. This chapter focuses on non-European Economic Area (EEA) nationals who wish to live permanently with family members who are settled in or are nationals of the UK. The family members of those coming to work or study and of refugees are also briefly considered. It examines marriage-related applications, that is, applications to join a spouse, fiancé(e), civil or long-term partner. It considers the rules relating to adult family members and children; the family life of those with limited leave; refugees and asylum seekers.

scholarly journals Economic cost of severe antisocial behaviour in children - and who pays it

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Romeo ◽  
Martin Knapp ◽  
Stephen Scott
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Family ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Annual Total Cost

BackgroundPersistent antisocial behaviour is the most common mental health problem in childhood and has widespread effects, yet little is known about what it costs.AimsTo identify the costs incurred by children with antisocial behaviour in the UK, and who pays these costs.MethodEighty children aged 3–8 years referred to mental health services were studied using the Client Service Receipt Inventory for Childhood.ResultsThe mean annual total cost was $ 5960 (median 4597, range 48–19 940). The services used were mainly the National Health Service, education and voluntary agencies, but the greatest cost burden, $4637, was borne by the family Higher cost was predicted by more severe behaviour and being male.ConclusionsThe annual cost of severe antisocial behaviour in childhood in the UK is substantial and widespread, involving several agencies, but the burden falls most heavily on the family Wider uptake of evidence-based interventions is likely to lead to considerable economic benefits in the short term, and probably even more in the long term.

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