scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds in Food as a Current Therapeutic Approach to Maintain a Healthy Intestinal Epithelium

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1634
Author(s):  
Eva Salinas ◽  
Diana Reyes-Pavón ◽  
Naima G. Cortes-Perez ◽  
Edgar Torres-Maravilla ◽  
Oscar K. Bitzer-Quintero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The intestinal epithelium serves as an effective barrier against the external environment, hampering the passage of potentially harmful substances (such as pathogenic microbes) that could trigger an exacerbated host immune response. The integrity of this barrier is thus essential for the maintenance of proper intestinal homeostasis and efficient protective reactions against chemical and microbial challenges. The principal consequence of intestinal barrier defects is an increase in intestinal permeability, which leads to an increased influx of luminal stressors, such as pathogens, toxins, and allergens, which in turn trigger inflammation and immune response. The fine and fragile balance of intestinal homeostasis can be altered by multiple factors that regulate barrier function, many of which are poorly understood. This review will address the role of gut microbiota as well as food supplements (such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics) in modulating gut health and regulating intestinal barrier function. In particular, we will focus on three human pathologies: inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and food allergy.

Talk about micromanaging! Role of microRNAs in intestinal barrier function

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (2) ◽  
pp. G170-G174
Author(s):  
Rana Al-Sadi ◽  
Jessica Engers ◽  
Raz Abdulqadir
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Great Insight ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Integrity

Defective intestinal tight-junction (TJ) barrier has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and other inflammatory conditions of the gut. The role of microRNAs (miRNA’s or miR’s) has also been demonstrated in the last two decades in the pathogenesis of IBD and in the regulation of intestinal TJ barrier function. MiRNAs are noncoding regulators of gene expression at the posttranscription level that have an essential role in targeting transcripts encoding proteins of intestinal TJs and their regulators. Many miRNAs have been reported to regulate or deregulate the TJ proteins responsible for the intestinal barrier integrity and intestinal permeability. Many of those miRNAs have been reported to have essential roles in the pathogenesis of IBD. In this mini-review, we summarize the results of studies in the last three years that implicate miRNAs in the defective TJ barrier in relation to IBD. The therapeutic potential of using specific miRNAs to target the intestinal TJ barrier might be of great insight for IBD therapy.

scholarly journals Diet, Microbiome, and the Intestinal Epithelium: An Essential Triumvirate?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Rivera Guzman ◽  
Victoria Susan Conlin ◽  
Christian Jobin
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Transepithelial Electrical Resistance ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Susceptible Host

The intestinal epithelium represents a critical barrier protecting the host against diverse luminal noxious agents, as well as preventing the uncontrolled uptake of bacteria that could activate an immune response in a susceptible host. The epithelial monolayer that constitutes this barrier is regulated by a meshwork of proteins that orchestrate complex biological function such as permeability, transepithelial electrical resistance, and movement of various macromolecules. Because of its key role in maintaining host homeostasis, factors regulating barrier function have attracted sustained attention from the research community. This paper will address the role of bacteria, bacterial-derived metabolism, and the interplay of dietary factors in controlling intestinal barrier function.

scholarly journals Somatization in patients with predominant diarrhoea irritable bowel syndrome: the role of the intestinal barrier function and integrity

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Prospero ◽  
Giuseppe Riezzo ◽  
Michele Linsalata ◽  
Antonella Orlando ◽  
Benedetta D’Attoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterised by gastrointestinal (GI) and psychological symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, and somatization). Depression and anxiety, but not somatization, have already been associated with altered intestinal barrier function, increased LPS, and dysbiosis. The study aimed to investigate the possible link between somatization and intestinal barrier in IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D) patients. Methods Forty-seven IBS-D patients were classified as having low somatization (LS = 19) or high somatization (HS = 28) according to the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), (cut-off score = 63). The IBS Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS) and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaires were administered to evaluate GI symptoms. The intestinal barrier function was studied by the lactulose/mannitol absorption test, faecal and serum zonulin, serum intestinal fatty-acid binding protein, and diamine oxidase. Inflammation was assessed by assaying serum Interleukins (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), and tumour necrosis factor-α. Dysbiosis was assessed by the urinary concentrations of indole and skatole and serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS). All data were analysed using a non-parametric test. Results The GI symptoms profiles were significantly more severe, both as a single symptom and as clusters of IBS-SSS and GSRS, in HS than LS patients. This finding was associated with impaired small intestinal permeability and increased faecal zonulin levels. Besides, HS patients showed significantly higher IL-8 and lowered IL-10 concentrations than LS patients. Lastly, circulating LPS levels and the urinary concentrations of indole were higher in HS than LS ones, suggesting a more pronounced imbalance of the small intestine in the former patients. Conclusions IBS is a multifactorial disorder needing complete clinical, psychological, and biochemical evaluations. Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03423069.

scholarly journals Clostridium Butyricum ZJU-F1 Benefits the Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Response Associated with Its Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Jie Fu ◽  
Tenghao Wang ◽  
Xiao Xiao ◽  
Yuanzhi Cheng ◽  
Fengqin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Mucin Expression

This study investigated the effects of dietary C. butyricum ZJU-F1 on the apparent digestibility of nutrients, intestinal barrier function, immune response, and microflora of weaned piglets, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the application of Clostridium butyricum as an alternative to antibiotics in weaned piglets. A total of 120 weanling piglets were randomly divided into four treatment groups, in which piglets were fed a basal diet supplemented with antibiotics (CON), Bacillus licheniformis (BL), Clostridium butyricum ZJU-F1 (CB), or Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus licheniformis (CB-BL), respectively. The results showed that CB and CB-BL treatment increased the intestinal digestibility of nutrients, decreased intestinal permeability, and increased intestinal tight junction protein and mucin expression, thus maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. CB and CB-BL, as exogenous probiotics, were also found to stimulate the immune response of weaned piglets and improve the expression of antimicrobial peptides in the ileum. In addition, dietary CB and CB-BL increased the proportion of Lactobacillus. The levels of butyric acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, and total acid were significantly increased in the ceca of piglets fed CB and CB-BL. Furthermore, we validated the effects of C. butyricum ZJU-F1 on the intestinal barrier function and immune response in vitro and found C. butyricum ZJU-F1 improved intestinal function and enhanced the TLR-2-MyD88-NF-κB signaling.

scholarly journals STAT3 Signalling via the IL-6ST/gp130 Cytokine Receptor Promotes Epithelial Integrity and Intestinal Barrier Function during DSS-Induced Colitis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Lokman Pang ◽  
Jennifer Huynh ◽  
Mariah G. Alorro ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Matthias Ernst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Epithelial Integrity ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Gp130 Receptor ◽  
Stat3 Signalling

The intestinal epithelium provides a barrier against commensal and pathogenic microorganisms. Barrier dysfunction promotes chronic inflammation, which can drive the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Although the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 (STAT3) is overexpressed in both intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells in IBD patients, the role of the interleukin (IL)-6 family of cytokines through the shared IL-6ST/gp130 receptor and its associated STAT3 signalling in intestinal barrier integrity is unclear. We therefore investigated the role of STAT3 in retaining epithelial barrier integrity using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in two genetically modified mouse models, to either reduce STAT1/3 activation in response to IL-6 family cytokines with a truncated gp130∆STAT allele (GP130∆STAT/+), or by inducing short hairpin-mediated knockdown of Stat3 (shStat3). Here, we show that mice with reduced STAT3 activity are highly susceptible to DSS-induced colitis. Mechanistically, the IL-6/gp130/STAT3 signalling cascade orchestrates intestinal barrier function by modulating cytokine secretion and promoting epithelial integrity to maintain a defence against bacteria. Our study also identifies a crucial role of STAT3 in controlling intestinal permeability through tight junction proteins. Thus, therapeutically targeting the IL-6/gp130/STAT3 signalling axis to promote barrier function may serve as a treatment strategy for IBD patients.

scholarly journals Plumericin Protects against Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Restoring Intestinal Barrier Function and Reducing Apoptosis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shara Francesca Rapa ◽  
Rosanna Di Paola ◽  
Marika Cordaro ◽  
Rosalba Siracusa ◽  
Ramona D’Amico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Intestinal epithelial barrier impairment plays a key pathogenic role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In particular, together with oxidative stress, intestinal epithelial barrier alteration is considered as upstream event in ulcerative colitis (UC). In order to identify new products of natural origin with a potential activity for UC treatment, this study evaluated the effects of plumericin, a spirolactone iridoid, present as one of the main bioactive components in the bark of Himatanthus sucuuba (Woodson). Plumericin was evaluated for its ability to improve barrier function and to reduce apoptotic parameters during inflammation, both in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6), and in an animal experimental model of 2, 4, 6-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis. Our results indicated that plumericin increased the expression of adhesion molecules, enhanced IEC-6 cells actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, and promoted their motility. Moreover, plumericin reduced apoptotic parameters in IEC-6. These results were confirmed in vivo. Plumericin reduced the activity of myeloperoxidase, inhibited the expression of ICAM-1, P-selectin, and the formation of PAR, and reduced apoptosis parameters in mice colitis induced by DNBS. These results support a pharmacological potential of plumericin in the treatment of UC, due to its ability to improve the structural integrity of the intestinal epithelium and its barrier function.

The Effects of Sulfated Secondary Bile Acids on Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Response in an Inflammatory in vitro Human Intestinal Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benthe van der Lugt ◽  
Maartje C.P. Vos ◽  
Mechteld Grootte Bromhaar ◽  
Noortje Ijssennagger ◽  
Frank Vrieling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Secondary Bile Acids

scholarly journals The Role of Intestinal Barrier Function in Early Life in the Development of Colitis

Colitis ◽  
10.5772/25753 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Anderson ◽  
J.E. Dalziel ◽  
P.K. Gopal ◽  
S. Bassett ◽  
A. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function

scholarly journals Anthocyanins and intestinal barrier function: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 18-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Valdez ◽  
Bradley W. Bolling
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Berry Anthocyanins ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Chronic intestinal inflammation, occurring in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), is associated with compromised intestinal barrier function. Inflammatory cytokines disrupt tight junctions and increase paracellular permeability of luminal antigens. Thus, chronic intestinal barrier dysfunction hinders the resolution of inflammation. Dietary approaches may help mitigate intestinal barrier dysfunction and chronic inflammation. A growing body of work in rodent models of colitis has demonstrated that berry consumption inhibits chronic intestinal inflammation. Berries are a rich dietary source of polyphenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins. However, berry anthocyanins have limited bioavailability and are extensively metabolized by the gut microbiota and host tissue. This review summarizes the literature regarding the beneficial functions of anthocyanin-rich berries in treating and preventing IBD. Here, we will establish the role of barrier function in the pathogenesis of IBD and how dietary anthocyanins and their known microbial catabolites modulate intestinal barrier function.

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