Summary The nylon bag technique was used to estimate the
degradability of the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of herbage samples
and supplementary feeds from recent grazing experiments with dairy cows
conducted in Victoria. The cumulative disappearance data for CP were used to
calculate the effective rumen degradability of CP (ERDP, g/kg DM) for
these feeds at rumen outflow rates of 0.02, 0.05 or 0.08/h. Crude protein
was more extensively degraded than DM in all herbage samples collected before
grazing, or in those samples taken to represent the herbage consumed by
grazing cows.
The ERDP of spring pastures (excluding the dead material and postgrazed
samples) was generally in the range 103–197 g/kg DM, at an outflow
rate of 0.02/h and in the range 74–142 g/kg DM, at an outflow
rate of 0.08/h. For summer pastures, the ERDP was generally in the range
80–128 g/kg DM, at an outflow rate of 0.02/h and in the range
58–108 g/kg DM, at an outflow rate of 0.08/h. For autumn
pastures, ERDP ranged from 108 to 170 g/kg DM, at an outflow rate of
0.02/h and from 84 to 140 g/kg DM, at an outflow rate of 0.08/h.
There were only 2 herbage samples collected during the winter, which had ERDP
of 237 and 249 g/kg DM, at an outflow rate of 0.02/h and 213 and 222
g/kg DM, at an outflow rate of 0.08/h. Values for ERDP tended to be
higher for these winter samples compared with spring samples. In contrast,
autumn samples tended to have lower ERDP than spring samples.
It is shown that metabolisable protein is unlikely to limit milk production of
cows consuming 17 kg herbage DM/cow. day and producing up to 30 L
milk/day, when milk production is determined from metabolisable energy
supply. The excesses in metabolisable protein ranged from 0.48 to 1.21
kg/cow. day from a subset of spring herbage samples cut to represent that
selected by cows and from 0.14 to 0.23 kg/cow. day from summer herbage
samples. The degradability characteristics of the herbage samples were similar
to some estimates for temperate herbages in the United Kingdom and from
limited data from Australia and should form a useful basis on which to assess
whether additional metabolisable protein is required as supplements for dairy
cows grazing pastures in Victoria.
There was a positive (P<0.01) relationship between CP
content and ERDP (R2 =
0.93), across herbage samples indicating it could be possible to estimate ERDP
for herbage samples that have been assessed for CP content. There was also a
significant (P<0.01) positive relationship between
the effective degradability of DM of herbage and ERDP
(R2 = 0.77). The
relationships between in vitro dry matter digestibility
or neutral detergent fibre and ERDP were also significant
(P<0.01), but accounted for even less of the
variability.
The ERDP in cereal grain-based supplements ranged from 87 to 111 g/kg DM,
at a outflow rate from the rumen of 0.02/h, compared with 70–92
g/kg DM, at an outflow rate of 0.08/h. The compounded supplements
containing varying levels of cereal grain, lupins and cottonseed meal, had
effective degradabilities of CP that generally declined as the content of
lupins decreased and the content of cottonseed meal increased. However, ERDP
increased to 152 g/kg DM because of the increasing CP content with
increasing cottonseed meal. These results are compared with previously
published estimates of effective degradability of CP for supplementary feeds.
Isolation and Identification of a Rumen Lactobacillus Bacteria and Its Degradation Potential of Gossypol in Cottonseed Meal during Solid-State Fermentation
