scholarly journals Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease in Neonates and Infants, Italy, Years 2015–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2579
Author(s):  
Roberta Creti ◽  
Monica Imperi ◽  
Alberto Berardi ◽  
Erika Lindh ◽  
Giovanna Alfarone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Neonates And Infants

Invasive infections by group B streptococci (iGBS) are the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in the first three months of life worldwide. The clinical and microbiological characteristics of neonatal and infant iGBS in Italy during the years 2015–2019 were investigated. Voluntary-based surveillance reported 191 cases (67 early-onset (EOD) and 124 late-onset disease (LOD)) and 89 bacterial isolates were received. The main clinical manifestations were sepsis (59.2%) followed by meningitis (21.5%), bacteremia (12.0%) and septic shock (6.3%). Hospitalized preterm babies accounted for one third of iGBS and constituted the most fragile population in terms of mortality (8.2%) and brain damage (16.4%). GBS serotype III was predominant in EOD (56%) and caused almost all LOD (95%). The rate of resistance to clindamycin reached 28.8%. Most of clindamycin-resistant GBS strains (76%) were serotype III-ST17 and possessed the genetic markers of the emerging multidrug resistant (MDR) CC-17 sub-clone. Our data revealed that iGBS is changing since it is increasingly reported as a healthcare-associated infection (22.6%), mainly caused by MDR-CC17. Continuous monitoring of the clinical and microbiological characteristics of iGBS remains of primary importance and it represents, at present, the most effective tool to support prevention strategies and the research on the developing GBS vaccine.

scholarly journals Trends in molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of group B streptococci: a multicenter study in Serbia, 2015–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Kekic ◽  
Ina Gajic ◽  
Natasa Opavski ◽  
Milan Kojic ◽  
Goran Vukotic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

AbstractGroup B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Serbia has not fully implemented preventive measures against GBS neonatal diseases. Therefore, we aimed to assess the maternal GBS colonisation and invasive neonatal disease rate, to reveal the trends of antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution of GBS from various patient groups. Randomly selected non-invasive (n = 991) and all invasive GBS (n = 80) collected throughout Serbia from 2015 to 2020 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, capsular typing, and hvgA detection. Overall, 877/5621 (15.6%) pregnant women were colonised with GBS. Invasive GBS infections incidence in infants (0.18/1000 live births) showed a decreasing trend (0.3 to 0.1/1000 live births). Type III was overrepresented in infants with invasive infections (n = 35, 58.3%), whereas type V predominated among colonised adults (n = 224, 25.5%) and those with noninvasive (n = 37, 32.5%) and invasive infections (n = 8, 40%). The hypervirulent clone III/ST17 was highly associated with invasive infections (n = 28, 35%), particularly late-onset disease (n = 9, 47.4%), showing an increase from 12.3 to 14.8%. The GBS resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was 26.7% and 22.1%, respectively, with an upward trend. The emergence of the hypervirulent clone III/ST17 and the escalation in GBS resistance highlight an urgent need for continuous monitoring of GBS infections.

scholarly journals Neonatal and young infant sepsis by Group B Streptococci and Escherichia coli: a single-center retrospective analysis in Germany—GBS screening implementation gaps and reduction in antibiotic resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 179 (11) ◽  
pp. 1769-1777
Author(s):  
Maren Doenhardt ◽  
Barbara Seipolt ◽  
Lars Mense ◽  
Jennifer Lucia Winkler ◽  
Alexander Thürmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B ◽  
Implementation Gaps

Abstract The last nationwide surveillance study on neonatal and young infant sepsis due to Group B Streptococci (GBS) and Escherichia coli in Germany was conducted between 2009 and 2010. The aim of this study is to provide longitudinal epidemiological data on neonatal and young infant sepsis caused by GBS and E. coli to reevaluate existing data and to inform clinical decision-making. Every positive blood culture for GBS and E. coli within the first 90 days of life that occurred at our center from 2008 until 2018 was identified. The epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and microbiological data of all affected patients were analyzed through retrospective chart review, along with the pathogen’s antimicrobial susceptibility results. In total, 106 episodes of neonatal sepsis were described; 31% (n = 33) being caused by GBS and 69% (n = 73) by E. coli; 87% of GBS early-onset disease (EOD) cases did not receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). Contrary to general trends, the proportion of resistant E. coli isolates decreased for all tested antibiotics over time. Coincidentally, antenatal antibiotic use beyond IAP during that period decreased significantly in our center. Conclusions: (1) Data at our center suggests at least a regional implementation gap in GBS screening and IAP. (2) The decline in the resistance rate of E. coli for all antimicrobial substances might indicate that the reduction of prenatal antibiotics use is beneficial and that neonatal antibiotic stewardship programs should include pregnant women as well. What is Known:• GBS screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis led to a 32%-reduction in GBS disease in Germany with a 0.75 (92:122) ratio of early-onset disease to late-onset disease in 2009–2010.• Prenatal antibiotic use might increase the risk of E. coli early-onset disease and antibiotic resistances. What is New:• The GBS early-onset disease rates were twice as high as those of late-onset disease, the ratio was 1.75 (21:12) in 2008–2018 at our institution. This suggests that there are at least regional implementation gaps in the antenatal GBS screening in Germany.• We found a decline in E. coli resistance rates over time for all antimicrobial substances. Reduction in use of prenatal antibiotics might be an explanation.

scholarly journals IL-4 Deficiency Decreases Mortality but Increases Severity of Arthritis in Experimental Group BStreptococcusInfection

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Tissi ◽  
Francesco Bistoni ◽  
Manuela Puliti
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Chemokine Production ◽  
Severe Arthritis ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Local Levels

IL-4 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits the onset and severity in different experimental arthritis models. Group B streptococci (GBS) have been recognized as an ever-growing cause of serious invasive infections in nonpregnant adults. Septic arthritis is a clinical manifestation of GBS infection. To investigate the role of IL-4 in experimental GBS infection, IL-4 deficient or competent mice were inoculated with1×107GBS/mouse. Mortality, appearance of arthritis, GBS growth in the organs, and local and systemic cytokine and chemokine production were examined. IL-4–/– mice showed lower mortality rates but increased severity of arthritis and exhibited a lower microbial load in blood, kidneys, and joints than wt mice. Increased local levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MIP-1α, and MIP-2 accompanied the more severe arthritis in IL-4–/– mice. Our results suggest a detrimental role of IL-4 in GBS sepsis, whereas it plays a beneficial effect on GBS-induced arthritis.

scholarly journals Correction for Six et al., Molecular Characterization of Nonhemolytic and Nonpigmented Group B Streptococci Responsible for Human Invasive Infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1932-1932
Author(s):  
Anne Six ◽  
Arnaud Firon ◽  
Céline Plainvert ◽  
Camille Caplain ◽  
Abdelouhab Bouaboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals An empirical Bayes method for serotype case-carrier ratios, with an application to Group B streptococcus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Lewnard ◽  
Lauren A. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Bayes Method ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACTBackgroundCase-carrier ratios quantifying the relative pathogenicity of serotypes can inform vaccine formulations for antigenically-diverse pathogens. However, sparse serotype-specific counts in epidemiologic datasets may undermine such analyses, most notably for rare serotypes that pose emergence risks in vaccinated populations. This challenge is well-illustrated in Group B streptococcus (GBS), where serotype III dominates in both carriage and disease.MethodsWe develop an empirical Bayes random-effects model based on conjugate Dirichlet-multinomial distributions of serotype frequencies in carriage and disease states. We validate the model using simulated datasets, and apply it to data from 15 paired sets of GBS isolates from intrapartum rectovaginal colonization (n=3403) and neonatal invasive disease (NID; n=1088), 16 from blood (n=2352) and cerebrospinal fluid (n=780) neonatal specimens, and 3 from fatal (n=173) and non-fatal (n=1684) neonatal invasive infections.ResultsOur method accurately recovers parameters in simulated datasets. Using this approach, we confirm that GBS serotype III exhibits the greatest invasiveness, followed by serotype Ia with a 75.3% (95%CrI: 43.7-93.8%) lower estimate. Enhanced invasiveness of serotypes III and Ia is most evident in late-onset disease. Non–hexavalent-vaccine serotypes, which are rare in carriage and disease, generally show lower invasiveness; serotype IX/non-typeable GBS, the most prevalent cause of non–vaccine-preventable disease, is 98.7% (81.7-99.9%) and 94.2% (13.9-99.6%) less invasive than serotypes III and Ia, respectively.ConclusionsWe present a strategy for measuring associations of serotype with carrier and disease states in the presence of sparse counts, avoiding biases that exist in common ad-hoc approaches.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characterization of Group B Streptococcus Infections in Alberta, Canada: An Update from 2014 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Ma ◽  
L. Alexa Thompson ◽  
Thomas Corsiatto ◽  
Donna Hurteau ◽  
Gregory J. Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization

This work describes the epidemiology of invasive infections caused by the bacterium group B Streptococcus (GBS) in Alberta, Canada. We show that rates of invasive GBS disease have increased from 2014 to 2020 for both adult disease and late-onset disease in neonates, whereas the rate of early onset disease in neonates has decreased. We also show that the rate of resistance to erythromycin (an antibiotic used to treat GBS) has also increased in this time.

scholarly journals NEONATAL SEPSIS

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
RIZWAN WASEEM ◽  
MUHAMMAD KHAN ◽  
TAHIRA S. IZHAR ◽  
Abdul Waheed Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Group B

Objective: To find out the bacterial pathogens in neonatal sepsis and todetermine antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of these pathogens. Place and Duration: At the Neonatal Unit of GhurkiTrust Teaching Hospital Lahore, from February 2003 to December 2004. Design: It was an analytical comparativestudy, done in prospective fashion. Subjects and Methods: A total of 100 culture proven neonates of sepsis wereincluded. Clinical data including neonatal and maternal history, physical examination and laboratory data includingblood counts and cultures were recorded. The cases that have already been given antibiotics were excluded. Standarddisc-diffusion method was used to assess the sensitivity pattern for the antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamicin, cefotaxime,ceftazidime, amikacin and imipenem). Results: Out of total of 100 cases, 64 belonged to Early onset Sepsis (EOS)and 36 belonged to Late onset Sepsis (LOS). Gram negative organisms were isolated from more than 80% of thecases. E. Coli was the commonest isolate (n=34), followed by Klebsiella (n=30) and Pseudomonas (n=13), involvingboth early and late onset groups. No isolate of group B streptococci (GBS) was found. Out of 34 isolates ofE.Coli,14.70%(n=5),17.6%(n=6),41.17%(n=14),61.76%(n=21),79.4%(n=27) and 97.05%(n=33) were sensitive toampicillin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, amikacin, ceftazidime and imipenem respectively. Klebsiella and Pseudomonas alsoshowed a low sensitivity to ampicillin, gentamicin, and cefotaxime, while good sensitivity to amikacin, ceftazidime andimipenem. The mortality was significantly high (P<0.05) in low birth weight infants. Conclusion: Improvement inantenatal and natal services is mandatory to reduce incidence of neonatal sepsis and related mortality. Most of theorganisms are resistant to commonly used drugs. Surveillance is required on regular basis.

Late-Onset Meningitis by Group B Streptococci: A Cause for Cerebrovascular Complications

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tibussek ◽  
I. Yau ◽  
A. Sinclair ◽  
P. Jahn ◽  
E. Mayatepek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Cerebrovascular Complications ◽  
Group B
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