scholarly journals Lead Isotopes to Identify Underwater Ceramic Contamination: The Example of the Kyrenia Shipwreck (Cyprus)

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Virginie Renson ◽  
Michael D. Glascock
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Lead Isotopes ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Lead Isotopic Composition ◽  
Seawater Environment ◽  
Biogenic Material ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
The Impact

We present the lead isotopic composition of ceramic fragments from the Kyrenia shipwreck (Cyprus), selected from three chemical groups related to the Rhodes and Alimos regions (Greece). Fragments of the lead sheathing covering the ship’s hull and biogenic material formed on some of the ceramic sherds, were analyzed along with sherds from the Rhodes and Alimos source areas for comparison. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the impact of the seawater environment on the isotopic signature of the ceramics, and on our ability to use lead isotopes to source ceramics recovered from seawater. The results showed that the lead isotopic composition of the shipwreck ceramics was modified by its prolonged proximity to the lead hull sheathing. The lead signature of filtering marine organisms encrusted on the ceramics provided support for this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Strong evidence for the continued contribution of lead deposited during the 20th century to the atmospheric environment in London of today

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (26) ◽  
pp. e2102791118
Author(s):  
Eléonore Resongles ◽  
Volker Dietze ◽  
David C. Green ◽  
Roy M. Harrison ◽  
Raquel Ochoa-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Lead Isotopes ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Leaded Gasoline ◽  
Lead Isotopic Composition

Although leaded gasoline was banned at the end of the last century, lead (Pb) remains significantly enriched in airborne particles in large cities. The remobilization of historical Pb deposited in soils from atmospheric removal has been suggested as an important source providing evidence for the hypothetical long-term persistency of lead, and possibly other pollutants, in the urban environment. Here, we present data on Pb isotopic composition in airborne particles collected in London (2014 to 2018), which provide strong support that lead deposited via gasoline combustion still contributes significantly to the lead burden in present-day London. Lead concentration and isotopic signature of airborne particles collected at a heavily trafficked site did not vary significantly over the last decade, suggesting that sources remained unchanged. Lead isotopic composition of airborne particles matches that of road dust and topsoils and can only be explained with a significant contribution (estimate of 32 ± 10 to 43 ± 9% based on a binary mixing model) of Pb from leaded gasoline. The lead isotopes furthermore suggest significant contributions from nonexhaust traffic emissions, even though isotopic signatures of anthropogenic sources are increasingly overlapping. Lead isotopic composition of airborne particles collected at building height shows a similar signature to that collected at street level, suggesting effective mixing of lead within the urban street canyon. Our results have important implications on the persistence of Pb in urban environments and suggest that atmospheric Pb reached a baseline in London that is difficult to decrease further with present policy measures.

scholarly journals Pb isotopes in the impact melt breccia 66095: Association with the Imbrium basin and the isotopic composition of lithologies at the Apollo 16 landing site

2017 ◽  
Vol 466 ◽  
pp. 608-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua F. Snape ◽  
Alexander A. Nemchin ◽  
Jeremy J. Bellucci ◽  
Martin J. Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Pb Isotopes ◽  
Impact Melt ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Presence of continental and Bay of Bengal moisture in rainfall at Kolkata, revealed through simultaneous observation from land and sea during South-West monsoon of 2004

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaakir Shabir Dar ◽  
Prosenjit Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
South West Monsoon ◽  
Continental Source ◽  
Sw Monsoon

Abstract. The backward air mass trajectory analysis (HYSPLIT) during the summer monsoon suggests that the rain which precipitates at Kolkata is generated from a moisture parcel which originates from the Arabian Sea and moves inland over the dry Indian subcontinent or over the Bay of Bengal. We used monthly satellite and ground based measurements of the hydro-meteorological variables together with isotope data from Bangalore, Bay of Bengal and Kolkata and other locations to quantify the contribution of different moisture sources during the SW Monsoon. The vapor mass as it moves under the prevailing wind direction was subjected to isotopic modification due to addition of evaporated moisture from Bay of Bengal and rainout process. This was simulated using Craig and Gordon model and Rayleigh fractionation model respectively. The moisture generated during the process of evaporation from Bay of Bengal surface ocean gets advected towards the continent and precipitates as rainfall or snowfall over the Indo-Gangetic plain. We assumed based on our observation that the initial isotopic composition of vapor originating from the peninsular continental source is similar to our observation recorded at Bangalore station. It is found that the isotopic signature of Bangalore is completely lost albeit the significant contribution of the moisture from Bay of Bengal. To explain the isotopic composition of precipitation at Kolkata during the SW-Monsoon, it was necessary to invoke 75–80 % moisture contribution from the Bay of Bengal whereas the evaporated moisture parcel from the Peninsular India contribute 25 %–35 %.

Using trace element content and lead isotopic composition to assess sources of PM in Tijuana, Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Salcedo ◽  
T. Castro ◽  
J.P. Bernal ◽  
V. Almanza-Veloz ◽  
M. Zavala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Content ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Lead Isotopic Composition

scholarly journals Investigation of post-depositional processing of nitrate in East Antarctic snow: isotopic constraints on photolytic loss, re-oxidation, and source inputs

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 9435-9453 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Shi ◽  
A. M. Buffen ◽  
M. G. Hastings ◽  
C. Li ◽  
H. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Antarctic Snow ◽  
Exponential Change ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Snowpits along a traverse from coastal East Antarctica to the summit of the ice sheet (Dome Argus) are used to investigate the post-depositional processing of nitrate (NO3−) in snow. Seven snowpits from sites with accumulation rates between 24 and 172 kg m−2 a−1 were sampled to depths of 150 to 300 cm. At sites from the continental interior (low accumulation, < 55 kg m−2 a−1), nitrate mass fraction is generally > 200 ng g−1 in surface snow and decreases quickly with depth to < 50 ng g−1. Considerably increasing values of δ15N of nitrate are also observed (16–461 ‰ vs. air N2), particularly in the top 20 cm, which is consistent with predicted fractionation constants for the photolysis of nitrate. The δ18O of nitrate (17–84 ‰ vs. VSMOW (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water)), on the other hand, decreases with increasing δ15N, suggestive of secondary formation of nitrate in situ (following photolysis) with a low δ18O source. Previous studies have suggested that δ15N and δ18O of nitrate at deeper snow depths should be predictable based upon an exponential change derived near the surface. At deeper depths sampled in this study, however, the relationship between nitrate mass fraction and δ18O changes, with increasing δ18O of nitrate observed between 100 and 200 cm. Predicting the impact of post-depositional loss, and therefore changes in the isotopes with depth, is highly sensitive to the depth interval over which an exponential change is assumed. In the snowpits collected closer to the coast (accumulation > 91 kg m−2 a−1), there are no obvious trends detected with depth and instead seasonality in nitrate mass fraction and isotopic composition is found. In comparison to the interior sites, the coastal pits are lower in δ15N (−15–71 ‰ vs. air N2) and higher in δ18O of nitrate (53–111 ‰ vs. VSMOW). The relationships found amongst mass fraction, δ15N, δ18O and Δ17O (Δ17O = δ17O–0.52 × δ18O) of nitrate cannot be explained by local post-depositional processes alone, and are instead interpreted in the context of a primary atmospheric signal. Consistent with other Antarctic observational and modeling studies, the isotopic results are suggestive of an important influence of stratospheric ozone chemistry on nitrate formation during the cold season and a mix of tropospheric sources and chemistry during the warm season. Overall, the findings in this study speak to the sensitivity of nitrate isotopic composition to post-depositional processing and highlight the strength of combined use of the nitrogen and oxygen isotopes for a mechanistic understanding of this processing.

scholarly journals An Optimized Snowmelt Lysimeter System for Monitoring Melt Rates and Collecting Samples for Stable Water Isotope Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Rücker ◽  
Massimiliano Zappa ◽  
Stefan Boss ◽  
Jana von Freyberg
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Environmental Tracers ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Stable Water Isotopes ◽  
Restricted Volume

Abstract The contribution of snow meltwater to catchment streamflow can be quantified through hydrograph separation analyses for which stable water isotopes (18O, 2H) are used as environmental tracers. For this, the spatial and temporal variability of the isotopic composition of meltwater needs to be captured by the sampling method. This study compares an optimized snowmelt lysimeter system and an unheated precipitation collector with focus on their ability to capture snowmelt rates and the isotopic composition of snowmelt. The snowmelt lysimeter system consists of three individual unenclosed lysimeters at ground level with a surface of 0.14 m2 each. The unheated precipitation collector consists of a 30 cm-long, extended funnel with its orifice at 2.3 m above ground. Daily snowmelt samples were collected with both systems during two snowfall-snowmelt periods in 2016. The snowmelt lysimeter system provided more accurate measurements of natural melt rates and allowed for capturing the small-scale variability of snowmelt process at the plot scale, such as lateral meltwater flow from the surrounding snowpack. Because of the restricted volume of the extended funnel, daily melt rates from the unheated precipitation collector were up to 43% smaller compared to the snowmelt lysimeter system. Overall, both snowmelt collection methods captured the general temporal evolution of the isotopic signature in snowmelt.

scholarly journals Radon daughter removal from PTFE surfaces and its application in liquid xenon detectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bruenner ◽  
D. Cichon ◽  
G. Eurin ◽  
P. Herrero Gómez ◽  
F. Jörg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Lead Isotopes ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Liquid Xenon ◽  
Radon Daughters ◽  
Radon Daughter ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLong-lived radon daughters are a critical background source in experiments searching for low-energy rare events. Originating from radon in ambient air, radioactive polonium, bismuth and lead isotopes plate-out on materials that are later employed in the experiment. In this paper, we examine cleaning procedures for their capability to remove radon daughters from PTFE surfaces, a material often used in liquid xenon TPCs. We find a large difference between the removal efficiency obtained for the decay chains of $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn and $$^{220}$$ 220 Rn. This indicates that the plate-out mechanism has an effect on the cleaning success. While the long-lived $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn daughters can be reduced by a factor of  2, the removal of $$^{220}$$ 220 Rn daughters is up to 10 times more efficient depending on the treatment. Furthermore, the impact of a nitric acid based PTFE cleaning on the liquid xenon purity is investigated in a small-scale liquid xenon TPC.

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