scholarly journals Solid Bitumen Occurrences in the Pyrenean Basin (Southern France): A Case Study across the Pliensbachian–Toarcian Boundary

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1338
Author(s):  
Carolina Fonseca ◽  
João Graciano Mendonça Filho ◽  
Carine Lézin ◽  
Frederico Sobrinho da Silva ◽  
Luís V. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Thrust Fault ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Solid Bitumen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
D Values

The study across the Pliensbachian–Toarcian boundary sedimentary record in the Bizanet section of the Pyrenean Basin (southern France) revealed the presence of solid bitumen. This secondary organic matter was characterized using petrographic (transmitted and reflected white lights, incident blue light, and scanning electron microscopy) and geochemical (total organic carbon, total sulfur, and insoluble residue) techniques. The spore coloration index (SCI) was also determined. With the characterization of the optical properties and reflectance of the solid bitumen, it was possible to distinguish four different families (A–D) that display a wide range of reflectance values, from 0.21% to 2.64% BRr, i.e., from glance pitch to meso-impsonite. SCI values were higher than 9–9.5 (%Req > 1.50%). The comparison between the equivalent vitrinite reflectance values of the solid bitumen and SCI showed that this index and the solid bitumen D values are concordant, indicating that solid bitumen D can be considered an indigenous bitumen. The other three families of solid bitumen (A–C) are considered as having migrated. The laterally equivalent Pont de Suert section (South Pyrenean Zone) displays no trace of solid bitumen which points to the important role of the morphotectonic context of the Bizanet section in the migration of these hydrocarbons, namely, the presence of a major thrust fault in the eastern Corbières close to the section’s location.

scholarly journals CRYOGLOBULIN TEST AND CRYOGLOBULINEMIA HEPATITIS C-VIRUS RELATED

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e2017007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Basile
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Preanalytical Phase ◽  
Wide Range

Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that precipitate in serum at temperatures below 37°C and resolubilize upon warming. The clinical syndrome of cryoglobulinemia usually includes purpura, weakness, and arthralgia, but the underlying disease may also contribute other symptoms. Blood samples for cryoglobulin are collected, transported, clotted and spun at 37°C, before the precipitate is allowed to form when serum is stored at 4°C in a Wintrobe tube for at least seven days. The most critical and confounding factor affecting the cryoglobulin test is when the preanalytical phase is not fully completed at 37°C. The easiest way to quantify cryoglobulins is the cryocrit estimate. However, this approach has low accuracy and sensitivity. Furthermore, the precipitate should be resolubilized by warming to confirm that it is truly formed of cryoglobulins. The characterization of cryoglobulins requires the precipitate is several times washed, before performing immunofixation, a technique by which cryoglobulins can be classified depending on the characteristics of the detected immunoglobulins. These features imply a pathogenic role of these molecules which are consequently associated with a wide range of symptoms and manifestations. According to the Brouet classification, Cryoglobulins are grouped into three types by the immunochemical properties of immunoglobulins in the cryoprecipitate. The aim of this paper is to review the major aspects of cryoglobulinemia and the laboratory techniques used to detect and characterize cryoglobulins, taking into consideration the presence and consequences of cryoglobulinemia in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection.

Characterization of proteins with Siaα2-3/6Gal-linked glycans from bovine milk and role of their glycans against influenza A virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 5198-5208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanjie Yu ◽  
Yaogang Zhong ◽  
Zhiwei Zhang ◽  
Xiawei Liu ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Bovine Milk Proteins

The bovine milk proteins have a wide range of functions, but the role of the attached glycans in their biological functions has not been fully understood yet.

Co-Constructing a Learning Community

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Learning Community ◽  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Country Specific

This paper explores the development of professional understanding across a large group of professionals and academics from eight different countries engaged in an international project. The focus of the project was to develop a suite of appropriate electronic tools to support the wide range of professionals (doctors, teachers, care and family workers, psychologists and medical and occupational therapists) who may be involved in working with and providing support for vulnerable children and families, which would be relevant across European countries. This case study explores how effective communication developed between the members of the research group to enable greater common understanding of both cultural and country specific provision, needs, and the underpinning philosophy and principles behind current provision in different countries represented. It explores the role of a ‘learning community’ and a ‘community of practice’ (Lave & Wenger, 1998) in this process as a tool for developing understanding. It provides insights into related issues, and possible future lessons to be learnt.

Protein Fibrillar Nanopolymers: Molecular-Level Insights into Their Structural, Physical and Mechanical Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 135-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriya M. Trusova
Keyword(s):  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Generic Class ◽  
Protein Fibril

Amyloid fibrils represent a generic class of mechanically strong and stable biomaterials with extremely advantageous properties. Although amyloids were initially associated only with severe neurological disorders, the role of these structures nowadays is shifting from health debilitating to highly beneficial both in biomedical and technological aspects. Intensive involvement of fibrillar assemblies into the wide range of pathogenic and functional processes strongly necessitate the molecular level characterization of the structural, physical and elastic features of protein nanofibrils. In the present contribution, we made an attempt to highlight the up-to-date progress in the understanding of amyloid properties from the polymer physics standpoint. The fundamental insights into protein fibril behavior are essential not only for development of therapeutic strategies to combat the protein misfolding disorders but also for rational and precise design of novel biodegradable protein-based nanopolymers.

scholarly journals Monitoring of verbal-linguistic development of pre-school children in Elementary school - RECEPTION project

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Kruselj-Vidas
Keyword(s):  
School Library ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Librarian ◽  
School Librarians ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Wide Range

The list of multiple tasks expected from a school librarian include a wide range of activities. Activity of crucial importance is advocating and argumentation how important is the development of basic literacy skills. The role of school librarians is unavoidable in this process. This presentation will show an example of school library practice and focus on the role of school librarian as designer, provider and researcher in the case study research at the school level. This research was done as an activity during international Erasmus+ project called RECEPTION (Role of Early Childhood Education in positive Transition/Introduction Outcomes for New pupils). 

Characterization of Lobula Giant Neurons Responsive to Visual Stimuli That Elicit Escape Behaviors in the Crab Chasmagnathus

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 2414-2428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Medan ◽  
Damián Oliva ◽  
Daniel Tomsic
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Large Motion ◽  
Escape Behaviors ◽  
Neuronal Type

In the grapsid crab Chasmagnathus, a visual danger stimulus elicits a strong escape response that diminishes rapidly on stimulus repetition. This behavioral modification can persist for several days as a result of the formation of an associative memory. We have previously shown that a generic group of large motion-sensitive neurons from the lobula of the crab respond to visual stimuli and accurately reflect the escape performance. Additional evidence indicates that these neurons play a key role in visual memory and in the decision to initiate an escape. Although early studies recognized that the group of lobula giant (LG) neurons consisted of different classes of motion-sensitive cells, a distinction between these classes has been lacking. Here, we recorded in vivo the responses of individual LG neurons to a wide range of visual stimuli presented in different segments of the animal's visual field. Physiological characterizations were followed by intracellular dye injections, which permitted comparison of the functional and morphological features of each cell. All LG neurons consisted of large tangential arborizations in the lobula with axons projecting toward the midbrain. Functionally, these cells proved to be more sensitive to single objects than to flow field motion. Despite these commonalities, clear differences in morphology and physiology allowed us to identify four distinct classes of LG neurons. These results will permit analysis of the role of each neuronal type for visually guided behaviors and will allow us to address specific questions on the neuronal plasticity of LGs that underlie the well-recognized memory model of the crab.

Farmer Experimentation as a Basis for Cropping Systems Research: A Case Study Involving True Potato Seed

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Potts ◽  
Greta A. Watson ◽  
R. Sinung-Basuki ◽  
N. Gunadi
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
True Potato Seed ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Wide Range

SummaryThe radical concept of potato production from true potato seed (TPS) was adopted as a component of their farming system within three seasons by 23 farmers from Cibodas, West Java. The farmers showed an ability to conceptualize and experiment and desired concepts from which they could develop, through research, appropriate principles and field techniques. Information received solely as detailed practices or techniques hindered their progress, since they first needed to repeat the technique in order to understand the concepts and principles involved. Farmer experimentation resembled closely that of experimental station researchers, with the use of replication in space, often neighbouring farmers' plots, and time. Initial experiments covered a wide range of factors but within three seasons farmers had identified similar areas of concern which coincided with those of experiment station researchers worldwide. Farmer experimentation and the role of the researcher in this methodology for technology development are discussed.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ar-Rassafeh Badyieh area (Area-2), Syria by using the airborne gamma-ray spectrometric and fractal modelling techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-478
Author(s):  
Jamal Asfahani
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Modelling Technique ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Spectrometric Data ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Geological Map

Abstract The available aerial gamma-ray spectrometric data of Ar-Rassafeh Badyieh area (Area-2) are used herein for geological interpretations and mapping purposes. Those data are interpreted by the concentration-number (C-N) fractal modelling technique, with the use of log-log graphs. According to C-N model, different radioactive ranges of TC, eU, eTh, and K have been isolated. Those ranges are thereafter used to characterize the lithological outcrops in the study area. The radioactive signatures of all the outcrops in Area-2 have been discussed and documented through establishing the C-N maps of TC, eU, eTh, and K, and benefiting of the available geological map. The C-N fractal modelling technique proves its efficacy, where radioactive and lithological boundaries of outcrops are in concordance. The case study presented in this paper shows the importance and the role of airborne gamma-ray spectrometric and fractal modelling techniques to support the geological mapping and the interpretations in geological context, particularly when the study region is rugged and difficult to be accessed.

scholarly journals 237 Islands of memory, islands of trauma: The case of Dongzhou, Hengyang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-254
Author(s):  
Gang Hong
Keyword(s):  
Media Analysis ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Cultural Trauma ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Place Memory ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Practical Implications

This paper examines the complex interaction between island histories and island geographies by presenting a case study of Dongzhou Island, Hengyang, China, contextualized through several critical island events. Employing a wide range of methods including archival research, textual and media analysis, field and map observations, semi-structured interviews, and informal interaction, the research is broadly framed in the problematic of geographical memory consisting of hard island memory, soft island memory, and lived island memory. Particular attention is paid to the construction of Dongzhou Island’s cultural trauma based on three difficult island histories: mass killing, radical planning, and uneven development. Findings indicate that these memories coexist on or about the island, in virtual isolation from each other. It is argued that while hard memory constructs the island as a petrified landmark, soft memories murmur about the forgotten or obscured pains of a small island that bears witness to the violence of war and progress. The theoretical and practical implications regarding the role of place memory in rejuvenating local cultures are also proposed.

The Making and Breaking of RNAs: Dynamics of Rhythmic RNA Expression in Mammals

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 519-529
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Unruh ◽  
Shihoko Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Rna Degradation ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rna Accumulation ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies

The identification and characterization of rhythmically expressed mRNAs have been an active area of research over the past 20 years, as these mRNAs are believed to produce the daily rhythms in a wide range of biological processes. Circadian transcriptome studies have used mature mRNA as a primary readout and focused largely on rhythmic RNA synthesis as a regulatory mechanism underlying rhythmic mRNA expression. However, RNA synthesis, RNA degradation, or a combination of both must be rhythmic to drive rhythmic RNA profiles, and it is still unclear to what extent rhythmic synthesis leads to rhythmic RNA profiles. In addition, circadian RNA expression is also often tissue specific. Although a handful of genes cycle in all or most tissues, others are rhythmic only in certain tissues, even though the same core clock mechanism is believed to control the rhythmic RNA profiles in all tissues. This review focuses on the dynamics of rhythmic RNA synthesis and degradation and discusses how these steps collectively determine the rhythmicity, phase, and amplitude of RNA accumulation. In particular, we highlight a possible role of RNA degradation in driving tissue-specific RNA rhythms. By unifying findings from experimental and theoretical studies, we will provide a comprehensive overview of how rhythmic gene expression can be achieved and how each regulatory step contributes to tissue-specific circadian transcriptome output in mammals.

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