scholarly journals Hydrogenetic, Diagenetic and Hydrothermal Processes Forming Ferromanganese Crusts in the Canary Island Seamounts and Their Influence in the Metal Recovery Rate with Hydrometallurgical Methods

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egidio Marino ◽  
Francisco Javier González ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Pedro Madureira ◽  
Anna V. Wegorzewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Metal Recovery ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Ferromanganese Crusts ◽  
Electron Probe Micro Analyzer ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Method

Four pure hydrogenetic, mixed hydrogenetic-diagenetic and hydrogenetic-hydrothermal Fe-Mn Crusts from the Canary Islands Seamount Province have been studied by Micro X-Ray Diffraction, Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy together with high resolution Electron Probe Micro Analyzer and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry in order to find the correlation of mineralogy and geochemistry with the three genetic processes and their influence in the metal recovery rate using an hydrometallurgical method. The main mineralogy and geochemistry affect the contents of the different critical metals, diagenetic influenced crusts show high Ni and Cu (up to 6 and 2 wt. %, respectively) (and less Co and REY) enriched in very bright laminae. Hydrogenetic crusts on the contrary show High Co and REY (up to 1 and 0.5 wt. %) with also high contents of Ni, Mo and V (average 2500, 600 and 1300 μg/g). Finally, the hydrothermal microlayers from crust 107-11H show their enrichment in Fe (up to 50 wt. %) and depletion in almost all the critical elements. One hydrometallurgical method has been used in Canary Islands Seamount Province crusts in order to quantify the recovery rate of valuable elements in all the studied crusts except the 107-11H, whose hydrothermal critical metals’ poor lamina were too thin to separate from the whole crust. Digestion treatment with hydrochloric acid and ethanol show a high recovery rate for Mn (between 75% and 81%) with respect to Fe (49% to 58%). The total recovery rate on valuable elements (Co, Ni, Cu, V, Mo and rare earth elements plus yttrium (REY)) for the studied crusts range between 67 and 92% with the best results for Co, Ni and V (up to 80%). The genetic process and the associated mineralogy seem to influence the recovery rate. Mixed diagenetic/hydrogenetic crust show the lower recovery rate for Mn (75%) and Ni (52.5%) both enriched in diagenetic minerals (respectively up to 40 wt. % and up to 6 wt. %). On the other hand, the presence of high contents of undigested Fe minerals (i.e., Mn-feroxyhyte) in hydrogenetic crusts give back low recovery rate for Co (63%) and Mo (42%). Finally, REY as by-product elements, are enriched in the hydrometallurgical solution with a recovery rate of 70–90% for all the studied crusts.

scholarly journals Rare and Critical Metals in Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Magnetite, and Titanite from the Vathi Porphyry Cu-Au±Mo Deposit, Northern Greece

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Christos L. Stergiou ◽  
Vasilios Melfos ◽  
Panagiotis Voudouris ◽  
Lambrini Papadopoulou ◽  
Paul G. Spry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Porphyry Cu ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Quartz Monzonite ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The Vathi porphyry Cu-Au±Mo deposit is located in the Kilkis ore district, northern Greece. Hydrothermally altered and mineralized samples of latite and quartz monzonite are enriched with numerous rare and critical metals. The present study focuses on the bulk geochemistry and the mineral chemistry of pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, and titanite. Pyrite and chalcopyrite are the most abundant ore minerals at Vathi and are related to potassic, propylitic, and sericitic hydrothermal alterations (A- and D-veins), as well as to the late-stage epithermal overprint (E-veins). Magnetite and titanite are found mainly in M-type veins and as disseminations in the potassic-calcic alteration of quartz monzonite. Disseminated magnetite is also present in the potassic alteration in latite, which is overprinted by sericitic alteration. Scanning electron microscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of pyrite and chalcopyrite reveal the presence of pyrrhotite, galena, and Bi-telluride inclusions in pyrite and enrichments of Ag, Co, Sb, Se, and Ti. Chalcopyrite hosts bornite, sphalerite, galena, and Bi-sulfosalt inclusions and is enriched with Ag, In, and Ti. Inclusions of wittichenite, tetradymite, and cuprobismutite reflect enrichments of Te and Bi in the mineralizing fluids. Native gold is related to A- and D-type veins and is found as nano-inclusions in pyrite. Titanite inclusions characterize magnetite, whereas titanite is a major host of Ce, Gd, La, Nd, Sm, Th, and W.

scholarly journals Chemical and Petrographic Characterization of Stone and Glass Tesserae in the Nereid and Geometric Mosaics from the S. Aloe Quarter in Vibo Valentia–Calabria, Italy

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Barca ◽  
Elia Fiorenza ◽  
Maria D’Andrea ◽  
Emilia Le Pera ◽  
Marianna Musella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Electron Probe Micro Analyzer ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Technological Level

Vibo Valentia’s S. Aloe quarter is an archaeological area which has three beautiful mosaic floors, dated between the centuries I BC and V AD. This work reports the results obtained on 22 glass and stone tesserae collected from the Nereid and Geometric mosaics during a recent restoration of the site. The analyses were carried out through a multi-analytical approach. The petrographic study of the stone tesserae was carried out using polarizing optical microscopy while the geochemical one was conducted using two micro-analytical techniques: the electron probe micro-analyzer with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and a combination of laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for determining the major, minor, and trace element concentrations. The research highlights the use of different kinds of stones such as marble, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks. The glasses show the typical soda–lime–silica composition indicating the use of natron as a flux. The trace element concentrations prove the use of Pb-antimonates to create yellow glass. The bronze scrap was used to obtain the green color, while cobalt and copper were used to obtain different gradations of blue. These results confirm the high technological level reached by glassmakers in the Imperial Age, thus highlighting the importance of the S. Aloe archeological site.

Predicting potential areas for the formation of Co-rich ferromanganese crusts in the Canary Islands Seamount Province using multi-criteria GIS analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lobato ◽  
Egidio Marino ◽  
Javier González ◽  
Teresa Medialdea ◽  
Luis Somoza
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Ferromanganese Crusts ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Potential Formation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Chemical Sediments ◽  
Substrate Nature

<p>Marine ferromanganese crusts are metal-rich chemical sediments showing an increasing economic interest as potential mineral resources for strategic and critical metals. Formation of Fe-Mn crusts is linked to a series of different factors that favor or limit their genesis on the seabed. The objective of this work is the search of areas for potential formation of these deposits, using data obtained in the Canary Islands Seamount Province. The study has been carried out based on multi-criteria analysis, using a Geographic Information System (ArcGis 10.5, Spatial Analysis and Statistical tools). For this purpose, it has been created a cartographic model, which considers data related to depth, seabed substrate nature and age, slope and exposure to marine bottom currents. This model has been applied to non-sampled areas, contrasting them with data derived from the analysis of samples taken in different oceanographic surveys, in order to establish the correct conclusions. This work has been carried out using bathymetric and geological data shared by the Geological Survey of Spain (IGME) with the MINDeSEA [1] and EMODnet-Geology [2] European projects.</p><p>[1] This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 731166.</p><p>[2] EMODNET-Geology project (EASME/EMFF/2018/1.3.1.8-Lot 1/SI2.811048).</p>

scholarly journals Columbite U-Pb Geochronology of Kalu’an Lithium Pegmatites in Northern Xinjiang, China: Implications for Genesis and Emplacement History of Rare-Element Pegmatites

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonggang Feng ◽  
Ting Liang ◽  
Ze Zhang ◽  
Yiqian Wang ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Oscillatory Zoning ◽  
Granitic Magma ◽  
Rare Element ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Electron Probe Micro Analyzer ◽  
Sector Zoning ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
History Of

The Kalu’an-Azubai pegmatite field, one of the most important rare-metal metallogenic regions in China, contains a large number of pegmatite dikes belonging to spodumene and lepidolite subtypes. Columbite-group minerals (CGMs) collected from three spodumene subtype pegmatites (No. 802, No. 803, and No. 805 pegmatites) were analyzed for major element contents using EPMA (electron probe micro-analyzer) and dated using LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer). The crystallization ages of the CGMs from No. 802, No. 803, and No. 805 pegmatites are 209.5 ± 1.4 Ma (2σ), 198.3 ± 2.0 Ma (2σ), and 224.3 ± 2.9 Ma (2σ), respectively. Oscillatory zoning and/or sector zoning along with the associated mineral assemblages suggest that the dated columbite is of magmatic origin. The crystallization ages of the columbite grains thus represent the emplacement ages of the Li pegmatites. Therefore, our dating results indicate that there were three emplacement events of the Li-rich pegmatite-forming melts in a timeframe of ~30 Ma. In combination with previous studies, we conclude that the Li pegmatites were formed before the Be-Ta-Nb pegmatites (~194–192 Ma), which precludes the genesis of rare-metal pegmatites via fractional crystallization of a granitic magma in the Kalu’an-Azubai region.

scholarly journals Worth from Waste: Utilizing a Graphite-Rich Fraction from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries as Alternative Reductant in Nickel Slag Cleaning

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Anna Dańczak ◽  
Ronja Ruismäki ◽  
Tommi Rinne ◽  
Lassi Klemettinen ◽  
Hugh O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Metal Recovery ◽  
Metal Alloy ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Slag Cleaning ◽  
Starting Mixture

One possible way of recovering metals from spent lithium-ion batteries is to integrate the recycling with already existing metallurgical processes. This study continues our effort on integrating froth flotation and nickel-slag cleaning process for metal recovery from spent batteries (SBs), using anodic graphite as the main reductant. The SBs used in this study was a froth fraction from flotation of industrially prepared black mass. The effect of different ratios of Ni-slag to SBs on the time-dependent phase formation and metal behavior was investigated. The possible influence of graphite and sulfur contents in the system on the metal alloy/matte formation was described. The trace element (Co, Cu, Ni, and Mn) concentrations in the slag were analyzed using the laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) technique. The distribution coefficients of cobalt and nickel between the metallic or sulfidic phase (metal alloy/matte) and the coexisting slag increased with the increasing amount of SBs in the starting mixture. However, with the increasing concentrations of graphite in the starting mixture (from 0.99 wt.% to 3.97 wt.%), the Fe concentration in both metal alloy and matte also increased (from 29 wt.% to 68 wt.% and from 7 wt.% to 49 wt.%, respectively), which may be challenging if further hydrometallurgical treatment is expected. Therefore, the composition of metal alloy/matte must be adjusted depending on the further steps for metal recovery.

Metals in Mullus surmuletus and Pseudupeneus prayensis from the Canary Islands (Atlantic Ocean)

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 2257-2263 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAOLA DORTA ◽  
CARMEN RUBIO ◽  
GONZALO LOZANO ◽  
DAILOS GONZÁLEZ-WELLER ◽  
ÁNGEL GUTIÉRREZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Mullus Surmuletus ◽  
The Mean

A total of 20 metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Sr, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, V, Zn, Al, Cd, and Pb) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry in muscle and liver tissue from a total of 28 examples of the fishes Mullus surmuletus and Pseudupeneus prayensis marketed in Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain). Significant differences (P < 0.05) in B, K, Mg, Mn, and Na concentrations were found between muscle and liver. The mean concentrations of K (1,388.04 mg/kg wet weight [wet wt]) and Mg (153.33 mg/kg wet wt) were higher in muscle than in liver (697.49 and 114.21 mg/kg wet wt, respectively). The mean concentrations of B in liver (0.18 mg/kg wet wt), Mn (0.70 mg/kg wet wt), and Na (892.09 mg/kg wet wt) were higher than those in muscle (0.15, 0.11, and 375.55 mg/kg wet wt, respectively). The mean concentrations of Al, Cd, and Pb in muscle tissue were 2.72 mg/kg wet wt and 4.28 and 10.29 μg/kg wet wt, and those in liver tissue were 31.31 mg/kg wet wt and 612.91 and 232.08 μg/kg wet wt, respectively. When comparing the two fish species, the muscle tissue of M. surmuletus has significantly higher concentrations (P < 0.05) of Al, B, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Sr, and Zn than did P. prayensis muscle, whereas the concentrations of Cd and V were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in P. prayensis muscle. Toxicological assessment of Cd and Pb concentrations was performed using the maximum limits set by the European Commission Regulations 1881/2006 and 629/2008 for muscle tissue (50 and 300 μg/kg wet wt, respectively). The concentrations of Cd and Pb in muscle detected in the present study for all the analyzed examples of M. surmuletus and P. prayensis were lower than the maximums established for muscle tissue by European legislation. Therefore, consumption of the muscle of these fish is considered safe in terms of Al, Cd, and Pb concentrations. However, the consumption of liver tissue should be avoided because of its high levels of metals. Constant monitoring of the concentrations of metals of toxicological concern in fish products available in the market is an essential part of food safety.

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