scholarly journals Geochemical Fractions of the Agricultural Soils of Southern Poland and the Assessment of the Potentially Harmful Element Mobility

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gruszecka-Kosowska ◽  
Baran ◽  
Mazur-Kajta ◽  
Czech
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Very High

Surface samples (0–25 cm each) of agricultural soils were investigated in five Regions (voivodeships) of southern Poland. The mean Potentially Harmful Element (PHE) pseudototal content ranges were as follows (mg/kg): As 5.19–10.9, Cd 0.34–1.56, Co 1.92–6.70, Cr 9.05–25.7, Cu 8.74–69.4, Hg 0.001–0.08, Ni 3.93–19.9, Pb 20.3–183, Sb 0.80–1.42, Tl 0.04–0.17, and Zn 61.3–422. The PHE availability depended on pH, the organic carbon (Corg) content, and the pseudototal PHE content in soils. Exchangeable and acid soluble PHE contents (BCRF1) determined in the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) three-step sequential extraction procedure decreased in this order: Cd > Zn > Co > Ni = Sb > Cu > Tl > As > Cr = Pb. Actually available PHE contents in pore water (0.01 mol/dm3 CaCl2) ranged as follows: Cd 0.81–17%, Cr 0–0.25%, Cu 0.01–2.31%, Ni 0.16–2%, Pb 0.2–0.49%, and Zn 0.25–2.12%. The potential soluble total content of PHEs in pore water (0.05 mol/dm3 Na2EDTA) ranged as follows: Cd 27–91%, Cr 0.7–7.1%, Cu 6.7–98%, Ni 3.6–41%, Pb 15–41%, and Zn 3–34%. The mobility factor (MF) values indicated Cd (31.6%) and Zn (21.0%) as the most mobile elements in soil. Other PHEs followed the order of Co > Ni > Tl > As > Sb > Cu > Cr > Pb, with the MF values <10%. The risk assessment code (RAC) values revealed a very high ecological risk of Cd and Zn in the Podkarpackie Region and a high ecological risk of Cd in the Regions of Opolskie, Śląskie, Małopolskie, and Podkarpackie, and the same of Zn in the Opolskie and Śląskie. The modified risk assessment code (mRAC) index pointed a very high potential of adverse effects in soils in the Podkarpackie and a medium potential in the Opolskie, Śląskie, Małopolskie, and Świętokrzyskie. The potential adverse effect risk, described by the individual contamination factor (ICF) factor, was the following in the Regions, in the decreasing order: Cd > Pb > Sb > Zn > Co > Cu > Ni > Tl > As > Cr, and the same as described by the global contamination factor (GCF) values: Opolskie > Podkarpackie > Świętokrzyskie > Śląskie > Małopolskie.

scholarly journals Reforestation Impacted Soil Heavy Metal Fractionation and Related Risk Assessment in the Karst Area, Southwest China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Guilin Han ◽  
Xingliang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
Soil Heavy Metals

Human agricultural activities have resulted in widespread land degradation and soil contamination in the karst areas. However, the effects of reforestation after agricultural abandonment on the mobility risks and contamination of heavy metals have been rarely reported. In the present study, six soil profiles were selected from cropland and abandoned cropland with reforestation in the Puding karst regions of Southwest China. The Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method was used to evaluate the compositions of different chemical fractions of soil heavy metals, including Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Ni, and Cd. The total contents of Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Mn in the croplands were significantly higher than those in the abandoned croplands. For all soils, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Fe were mainly concentrated in the residual fractions (>85%), whereas Mn and Cd were mostly observed in the non-residual fractions (>65%). The non-residual fractions of Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn in the croplands were higher than those in the abandoned croplands. These results indicated that the content and mobility of soil heavy metals decreased after reforestation. The individual contamination factor (ICF) and risk assessment code (RAC) showed that Cd contributed to considerable contamination of karst soils. The global contamination factor (GCF) and potential ecological risk index (RI) suggested low contamination and ecological risk of the investigated heavy metals in the croplands, moreover they can be further reduced after reforestation.

scholarly journals A First Record of Metal Fractionation in Coastal Sediment from Ambon Bay, Moluccas, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lestari Lestari ◽  
Fitri Budiyanto ◽  
Corry Yanti Manullang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
First Record ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Total Concentrations ◽  
Very High

Five metals in sediment samples at seven sites from the Ambon Bay were analyzed with BCR sequential extraction procedure to determine chemical fractionation of metals and to assess bioavailability of metals with Risk Assessment Code (RAC). The result showed that the percentages of cadmium (100%), lead (82.6-97.08%) and zinc (41.68-76.33%) were mostly accumulated in the non-residual (F1+F2+F3) fraction of the total concentrations. While the copper percentages (44.74-78.91%) and nickel (59.71-74.16%) were mostly accumulated in residual (F4) fraction of the total concentrations. The Risk Assessment Code (RAC) reveals that cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc at locations exist in acid soluble (exchangeable) fraction and therefore, they are in low until very high risk category meanwhile there is no Pb at locations exist in acid soluble (exchangeable) fraction. 

scholarly journals Human health and ecological risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural soils of rural areas: A case study in Kurdistan Province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-481
Author(s):  
Kamaladdin Karimyan ◽  
Mahmood Alimohammadi ◽  
Afshin Maleki ◽  
Masud Yunesian ◽  
Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Soils

scholarly journals Evaluasi Potensi Sedimen Perairan Sebagai Sumber Kontaminan Logam Berat (Pb, Cu, Zn) Di Badan Air Pada Wilayah Reklamasi Lumpur Lapindo

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Novi Anitra ◽  
Barlah Rumhayati ◽  
Catur Retnaningdyah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Risk Assessment Code

<p>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi potensi sedimen perairan di wilayah reklamasi lumpur Lapindo sebagai sumber kontaminan logam berat (Pb, Cu, Zn) di badan air muara Sungai Porong, Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan menentukan nilai faktor kontaminasi (<em>Contamination Factor,</em> <em>CF</em>) dan kode penilaian resiko (<em>Risk Assessment Code, RAC) </em>berdasarkan konsentrasi fraksi geokimia logam berat dalam sedimen. Fraksi logam berat ditentukan dengan metode ekstraksi bertahap (<em>sequential extraction</em>) BCR dimodifikasi oleh Chakraborty. Sampel sedimen diambil pada dua lokasi di muara Sungai Porong, yaitu pada lokasi 1 yaitu 7°34'26.76" LS, 112°52'53.76" BT dan lokasi 2 yaitu 7°33'31.35" LS, 112°51'05.56"BT. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan <em>Eickman Grab sampler</em>, disimpan dalam wadah gelap pada suhu 4<sup>0</sup>C. Konsentrasi logam berat ditentukan dengan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kedua lokasi nilai CF(Cu) lebih tinggi dibandingkan CF(Pb) dan CF(Zn). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Cu memiliki waktu retensi lebih singkat dibandingkan kedua logam lainnya dalam sedimen. Dengan kata lain, Cu lebih mudah terlepas dari sedimen dan menuju badan air sehingga dapat mengkontaminasi badan air. Berdasarkan nilai RAC, sedimen di lokasi 2 memiliki potensi lebih besar melepaskan logam Cu dalam  fraksi 1 (fraksi logam berat terlarut dalam air pori sedimen) dan fraksi 2 (fraksi logam berat mudah tertukar dan dalam bentuk karbonat) yang dapat dimanfaatkan langsung oleh biota di badan air. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa meskipun mangrove yang ditanam di wilayah reklamasi Lumpur Lapindo dapat mengabsorpsi logam berat tetapi sedimen perairan di wilayah tersebut memiliki potensi sebagai sumber kontaminan Cu, terutama di wilayah reklamasi yang berhubungan dengan laut.</p>

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF SOME SINGLE AND INTEGRATED INDEX EQUATION TO ASSESS HEAVY METAL IN DIFFERENT SOILS IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-875
Author(s):  
Aweez & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Integrated Index ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cu And Zn

The aim of this study was to application of some single and integrated index equation to assess heavy metal in different soil within Erbil governorate. The 15 different locations (Bahare new, Newroz, New Hawler, Hesarok, Azadi1, Zen city, Atconz city, Pank village, Binaslawa, Darato, Qushtapa, Shaways, Kasnazan, Bahirka, Pirzin) were specifically selected to identify the effects of traffic activities on soil properties. Different heavy metal distribution patterns (As, Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn) were determined from distance 5, 25, 50m roadside. Soil pollution was assessed using many indices including: contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cdeg), Ecological Risk Factor and Potential Ecological Risk Index.The results showed that concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn in street dust ranged from (4.60, 1.80, 217.83, 62.14 and 215.18) mg.kg-1 which recorded in Qushtapa, Kasnazan, Atconze city, Hasarok5 and Zen city respectively. The contamination factor  and degree of contamination of  the trace elements As, Cd, Cr, Cu ,and Zn of soil samples was indicating considerable contamination factor for Qushtapa moderate contamination factor for Kasnazan, while Atconze city, Hasarok5, Zen city showed very high contamination factor, while degree of contamination considerable low degree of contamination. According to the ecological risk factor and RI results Qwshtapa was indicate as low potential ecological risk, Kasnazan had moderate potential ecological risk while Hasarok5 and Zen city considerable high potential ecological risk, except Atconze considerable very high ecological risk, on the other hand for RI index shown considerable very high ecological risk recorded in Hasarok 5 soil samples.

scholarly journals Chemical Speciation, Bioavailability and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals in Soils Around Petroleum Product Marketing Company as Environmental Degradation Indicators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A Ayeni ◽  
Festus Mayowa ADEBIYI
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Product Marketing

Abstract The study aims at investigating chemical speciation, bioavailability and risk assessment of some selected metals in soils around refined petroleum depot using the concentrations of the metals as variables to ascertain the impacts of the activities within the petroleum depot. Surface-soils were got from within the premises of Pipelines and Product Marketing Company, Ibadan, Nigeria, while control samples were got at 200 m away from the study location. Electrical conductivity and pH were measured using a calibrated dual purpose meter, while elemental analysis was done using Atomic absorption spectroscopy analytical technique. The results showed that the soils exhibited low ecological risk; minor enrichment for Mn, moderately severe enrichment for Ni and Co, severe enrichment for Cr and extremely severe enrichment for Pb, Zn and Cd; low contamination factor by Pb, Ni, Mn, Cr, Co, and Fe and moderate contamination by Zn and Cd. Geo - accumulation index results indicated unpolluted with Ni, Mn, Cr, Co, and Fe, unpolluted to moderately polluted with Pb and Zn and moderately to strongly polluted with Cd. Inter-element clustering results indicated chemical affinity and/or similar genetic origin among the elements. Speciation analysis suggested that Fe, Co, Cr, Cd, and Ni occurred in the residual fraction; Pb, and Zn in the carbonate fraction, while Mn have its highest percentage in the Fe-Mn oxides fraction. Percentage mobility and bioavailability showed that most of the metals are immobile and non-bioavailable. Study concluded that the oil-impacted soils were contaminated with most of the metals, but with low ecological risk.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF A TROPICAL LAKE SYSTEM

2013 ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Swarnalatha ◽  
J. Letha ◽  
S. Ayoob
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Tropical Lake ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Sand Mining ◽  
Waste Discharge ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Risk Indices

Risk analysis of urban aquatic systems due to heavy metals turns significant due to their peculiar properties viz. persistence, non-degradability, toxicity, and accumulation. Akkulam Veli (AV), an urban tropical lake in south India is subjected to various environmental stresses due to multiple waste discharge, sand mining, developmental activities, tourism related activities etc. Hence, a comprehensive approach is adopted for risk assessment using modified degree of contamination factor, toxicity units based on numerical sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), and potentialecological risk indices. The study revealed the presence of toxic metals such as Cr,Cd, Pb and As and the lake is rated under ‘low ecological risk’ category.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT (ERA) APPLICATION FOR THE EVALUATION OF IMPACTS ON NATURAL AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
ÉRIC CESAR PAGLIARINI ◽  
VANESSA BEZERRA DE MENEZES OLIVEIRA ◽  
EVALDO LUIZ GAETA ESPINDOLA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Advanced Degree ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Systemic Impact ◽  
Very High ◽  
Degree Of Degradation ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Abstract The present research employs the Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) method to evaluate the probability of adverse effects in the water supply of Bom Repouso (MG), a city where the agriculture has caused an advanced degree of degradation of its sources. The methodology is based on the integration of different variables, divided into three Lines of Evidence (chemical, physical-chemical and ecotoxicological), and allows for the evaluation of risk assessment between 0.0 and 1.0 in the sampled environment. Five sampling points were evaluated in three periods, with the results varying between the four possible ratings (from low to very high), and it was not possible to identify a pattern of risk evolution between them. Thus, the method used proved to be efficient in assessing the degree of degradation of the environment, however, additional studies are required to improve this type of systemic impact assessment, based on the evaluation of the environmental degradation.

Geochemical speciation and risk assessment of metals in sediments of the Lobo-Broa Reservoir, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Cimino Cervi ◽  
Felippe Fernandes ◽  
Renato Billia de Miranda ◽  
Frederico Fábio Mauad ◽  
Leandro Michalovicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Metal ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Geochemical Speciation

Purpose Brazilian sediment quality criteria were established based on pseudo-total metal contents, which is not suitable to determine their bioavailability and the ecological risk for aquatic biota. Therefore, the geochemical speciation of five metals (Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) was determined to assess the distribution and ecological risk of sediments in a tropical shallow reservoir from Brazil. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A survey of metals in ten representative stations of surface sediments (0-20 cm) from Carlos Botelho (Lobo-Broa) Reservoir was conducted during the dry season in April 2014. Sediment parameters were measured in situ. The geochemical speciation of metals was carried out using the modified three-stage BCR-701 procedure (Davutluoglu et al., 2011) and compared with pseudo-total metal contents. Findings Contamination at S-1 and S-8 was more severe than other sampling sites, especially for Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Metals such as Cu, Ni and Zn occasionally may be associated with adverse biological effects based on the comparison with sediment quality guidelines. The risk assessment code suggests no risk for Fe and low risk for Cu and Ni. Originality/value Geochemical speciation of metals could be useful in developing effective management strategies to control metal pollution in the Lobo-Broa Reservoir. Substantial amounts of Pb (classified as medium risk) were bound to humic substances and/or insoluble metal sulfides, and could pose serious risk to the benthic community through the food chain. Zinc at S-1, S-3 and S-8 showed high risk, indicating that an appreciable portion of Zn could be available to aquatic biota.

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