Metabolomic Analysis of Pollen Grains with Different Germination Abilities from Two Clones of Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb) Hook)

Pollen grains produce certain metabolites, which can improve or inhibit germination and tube growth. Metabolomic analysis of germinating and growing Chinese fir pollen has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse metabolites changes, content and expression in the germinating pollen of Chinese fir. To understand the metabolic differences, two clones from Chinese fir were selected. Metabolomics analyses were performed on three stages (1-, 24- and 48-h) during in vitro pollen germination. The metabolites profiles at different time points were analyzed by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that 171 peaks were screened; the corresponding differential metabolites of 121 peaks were classified into nine types of substances. The expression of metabolites showed significant differences across and between clones, and the variation was evident at all germination stages. The expression was obvious at the early stage of germination, which differed clearly from that of the late stage after pollen tube growth. Moreover, the metabolites were mainly enriched in 14 metabolic pathways. Pollen germination and tube growth and metabolites expressions changed per incubation time. Since this work is preliminary, we suggest further investigations to understand the relationship between the differential metabolites and pollen development, and factors affecting pollen germination process.

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Impact of Manganese on Pollen Germination and Tube Growth in Lily

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.746 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Sawidis ◽

Gülriz Baycu ◽

Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽

Aneta Sulborska

Keyword(s):

Pollen Tube ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Surrounding Medium ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Lilium Longiflorum ◽

Tube Growth ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Main Effect

Abstract In vitro culture of Lilium longiflorum pollen grains was carried out to determine the role of manganese in pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Pollen germination was adversely affected by the presence of manganese (>10 −8 M), whereas low concentrations (10 −12 –10 −10 M) stimulated the process. Manganese caused morphological anomalies during tube growth, characterized by irregular pollen tube thickening and swollen tips. The main effect was the anomalous cell wall formation at the tip, in which the presence of several organelles reduced the number of secretory vesicles. A loose network of fibrillar material and spherical aggregates, mostly in the tip region, was detected, and this material was progressively loosened into the surrounding medium. As a response to potential toxicity, the excess manganese was isolated in vacuoles, which formed an internal barrier against penetration of manganese to the tip area. Elevated manganese concentrations might affect plant reproduction, resulting in anomalies in gamete development. Consequently, the loss in genetic diversity and decreased fruit set ultimately lower yield.

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Effects of Sucrose, Boric Acid, pH, and Incubation Time on in Vitro Germination of Pollen and Tube Growth of Chinese fir (Cunnighamial lanceolata L.)

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10020102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 102 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Seif Fragallah ◽

Sizu Lin ◽

Nuo Li ◽

Elly Ligate ◽

Yu Chen

Keyword(s):

Boric Acid ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Chinese Fir ◽

Tube Growth ◽

In Vitro Germination ◽

Acid Ph ◽

Novel Approach ◽

The Media

In vitro pollen germination provides a novel approach and strategy to accelerate genetic improvement of tree breeding. Studies about pollen germination and tube growth of Chinese fir are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of sucrose, boric acid, pH, and time of incubation on pollen germination and tube growth. Pollen from 9 clones were selected. In vitro germination was performed in basic media as control, and in different concentrations of sucrose (0, 10 and 15%), boric acid (0.01, 0.1 and 0.2%), and pH levels (4.5, 5 and 7). Pollen germination rates and tube growth were recorded periodically at 1, 12, 24, and 48 h. The results showed that sucrose imposes significant effects on pollen germination and tube growth. The effects are most obvious at concentration of 15%. Boric acid significantly promoted germination and tube growth. The promotion was most notable in lower concentration of 0.01%. The media adjusted to pH 7.0 boosted the germination and pollen tube growth. The optimum time of incubation was 24 and 48 h for pollen germination and tube growth, respectively. Sucrose, pH, and time of incubation were positively correlated, whereas boric acid negatively correlated with pollen germination and tube growth. This study provided experimental evidences for selecting viable pollens for Chinese fir breeding.

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Effect of morphactin (IT 3456) on pollen germination and pollen tube growth in four species of Angiospermae

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1982.016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 179-185

Author(s):

Barbara Gabara

Keyword(s):

Pollen Tube ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Tube Growth ◽

Tube Length ◽

Antirrhinum Majus ◽

Eschscholtzia Californica ◽

Germination Process ◽

Narcissus Poeticus ◽

Pollen Tube Length

The action of morphactin in 10, 100 and 1000 ppm on pollen germination and tube growth was studied in four species: Antirrhinum majus, Campanula rapunculoides, Eschscholtzia californica and Narcissus poeticus. Pollen grains showed different sensitivity to particular concentrations of morphactin. Although the concentration of 1000 ppm inhibited completely pollen germination in A. majus and C. rapunculoides, it was not sufficient to suppress this process in E. californica and N. poeticus. Morphactin has a different effect on the percentage of germinated and ruptured pollen, tube length and its rate of growth. This effect was either inhibitory, neutral or stimulatory, depending on the morphactin concentration, the time of culture and species studied. The action of morphactin on the germination process is discussed.

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The effect of temperature on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of sour cherry cultivars

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1401045m ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dragan Milatovic ◽

Dragan Nikolic

Keyword(s):

Pollen Tube ◽

Pollen Tube Growth ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Tube Growth ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Influence Of Temperature On

The study was carried out to determine the effect of three different temperatures (5, 15 and 25?C) on in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth of five sour cherry cultivars: ?Heimanns Konservenweichsel?, ?Kelleriis 14?, ?Oblacinska?, ?Rexelle? and ?Sumadinka?. Pollen germination a % agar % Temperature significantly affected pollen germination. High germination rates (50-70%) were obtained at both 15?C and 25?C. Satisfactory germination rates (42-51%) were also obtained at 5?C in some cultivars (?Rexelle?, ?Sumadinka? and ?Heimanns Konservenweichsel?). The influence of temperature on the pollen tube growth was more prominent. The length of pollen tubes was three to six times higher at 15?C and 25?C in comparison with 5?C. This has led to the conclusion that the temperature of 5?C, although it could be adequate for pollen germination, is not high enough for optimal pollen tube growth. was determined by germinating pollen grains in culture medium containing 0.7agar-and 15sucrose.

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Effects of acid mist on invivo pollen tube growth in red maple

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x88-158 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 1049-1052 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

D. M. Van Ryn ◽

J. P. Lassoie ◽

J. S. Jacobson

Keyword(s):

Pollen Germination ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Growth Period ◽

Tube Growth ◽

Red Maple ◽

Ph Values ◽

Acid Mist ◽

The Mean ◽

Germinating Pollen ◽

Female Flowers

The effects of mist acidity on invivo pollen germination and tube elongation of red maple (Acerrubrum L.) were investigated. Branches with female flowers were exposed to simulated mist at pH values of 5.6, 4.6, 3.6, and 2.6. After exposure, stigmas were pollinated with fresh, untreated pollen. Following a growth period of 24 h, styles were excised, stained, and observed with fluorescence microscopy to determine the number of grains that had germinated and the number of tubes that had grown to the base of the style. Both germination and tube growth were sensitive to the pH of mist. During one trial, as mist pH decreased from 5.6 to 2.6, the mean number of grains that germinated decreased from 60 to 19 and the mean number of tubes that grew to the base of the style decreased from 3.8 to 1.0. Only at pH 2.6 was there a significant relationship between number of germinating pollen grains and number of tubes reaching the base of the style. The effects of acidity on pollen germination invivo were similar to, but not as severe as, those obtained previously with pollen germinated invitro.

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Hyperoside promotes pollen tube growth by regulating the depolymerization effect of actin-depolymerizing factor 1 on microfilaments in okra

Horticulture Research ◽

10.1038/s41438-021-00578-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Biying Dong ◽

Qing Yang ◽

Zhihua Song ◽

Lili Niu ◽

Hongyan Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pollen Tube ◽

Pollen Tube Growth ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Pollen Tubes ◽

Tube Growth ◽

Actin Depolymerizing Factor ◽

Specific Mechanism ◽

Promoting Effect ◽

New Research

AbstractMature pollen germinates rapidly on the stigma, extending its pollen tube to deliver sperm cells to the ovule for fertilization. The success of this process is an important factor that limits output. The flavonoid content increased significantly during pollen germination and pollen tube growth, which suggests it may play an important role in these processes. However, the specific mechanism of this involvement has been little researched. Our previous research found that hyperoside can prolong the flowering period of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), but its specific mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the effect of hyperoside in regulating the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF), which further affects the germination and growth of pollen. We found that hyperoside can prolong the effective pollination period of okra by 2–3-fold and promote the growth of pollen tubes in the style. Then, we used Nicotiana benthamiana cells as a research system and found that hyperoside accelerates the depolymerization of intercellular microfilaments. Hyperoside can promote pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in vitro. Moreover, AeADF1 was identified out of all AeADF genes as being highly expressed in pollen tubes in response to hyperoside. In addition, hyperoside promoted AeADF1-mediated microfilament dissipation according to microfilament severing experiments in vitro. In the pollen tube, the gene expression of AeADF1 was reduced to 1/5 by oligonucleotide transfection. The decrease in the expression level of AeADF1 partially reduced the promoting effect of hyperoside on pollen germination and pollen tube growth. This research provides new research directions for flavonoids in reproductive development.

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BORON CONCENTRATION AFFECTS IN VITRO POLLEN GERMINATION AND TUBE GROWTH IN KIWIFRUIT (ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA) CULTIVAR 'MATUA'

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2012.932.75 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 517-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Sotomayor ◽

R. Ruiz ◽

J. García-Huidobro

Keyword(s):

Pollen Germination ◽

Boron Concentration ◽

Tube Growth ◽

Actinidia Deliciosa ◽

In Vitro Pollen Germination

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In Vitro Germination of Eucalyptus Pollen: Response to Variation in Boric Acid and Sucrose

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9890429 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 429 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

BM Potts ◽

JB Marsden-Smedley

Keyword(s):

Pollen Tube ◽

Boric Acid ◽

Pollen Tube Growth ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Sucrose Concentration ◽

Response Surfaces ◽

Tube Growth ◽

Pollen Competition

The effect of boric acid (0-450 ppm) and sucrose (0-40%) on pollen germination and pollen tube growth in Eucalyptus globulus, E. morrisbyi, E. ovata and E. tirnigera was examined in vitro. Over the con- centrations tested, sucrose had by far the largest effect upon both pollen germination and tube lengths. The optimum sucrose concentration for pollen germination (30%) and pollen tube growth (20%) differed markedly with very little (<lo%) germination occurring in the absence of sucrose. The interaction of sucrose and boric acid was significant. However, in general both pollen germination and pollen tube growth were increased by the addition of up to 100 ppm boric acid, but above this level the response plateauxed. The four species differed significantly in their pattern of response to both boric acid and sucrose and the predicted optima derived from analysis of response surfaces differed between species. The predicted sucrose concentration for optimal germination and growth of E. urnigera pollen was consistently less than the other species and in terms of the optimal level of boric acid for pollen tube growth species can be ranked in the order E. globulus > E. ovata > E. morrisbyi = E. urnigera. Pollen germination and tube growth of all four species on a medium comprising 20% sucrose and 200 ppm boric acid would not differ significantly from the observed maximum response of each species and this could suffice as a generalised medium. However, if only percentage germination is to be assessed 30% sucrose would be preferable. It is argued that subtle interspecific differences in optimal in vitro con- ditions for pollen germination and pollen tube growth are likely to reflect differences in pollen physiology which in vivo may have important implications for the success of hybridisation where pollen competition occurs.

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Tradescantia bracteata pollen in vitro: pollen tubes development and mitosis

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1977.047 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 587-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

E. Lewandowska ◽

M. Charzyńska

Keyword(s):

Pollen Tube ◽

Generative Cell ◽

Metaphase Plate ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Neutral Red ◽

Generative Nucleus ◽

Mitotic Spindles ◽

Germinating Pollen ◽

Vacuolar System

About 90 per cent of Tradescantia bracteata pollen germinates in vitro after 15 min. Mitosis starts in the pollen tube after about 3 h. The mitotic trans-formations of chromosomes within the generative nucleus are not synchronized. They involve succesively the linearly arranged chromosomes in the elongated generative nucleus. In metaphase the chromosomes are arranged tandem-like linearly along the pollen tube. The chromatides translocate in anaphase from various distances to the poles in a plane parallel to the metaphase plate. This suggests that chromosomes have individual mitotic spindles and that coordination of the chromosome transformations in the generative cell is much less strict than in a typical somatic mitosis. Starch is the storage material of pollen grains. In the vegetative cytoplasm of mature pollen grains minute reddish-orange vesicular structures are visible after staining with neutral red. They do not fuse with the vacuoles proper arising in germinating pollen grains to form the vacuolar system of the pollen tube.

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