scholarly journals Ayapana triplinervis Essential Oil and Its Main Component Thymohydroquinone Dimethyl Ether Inhibit Zika Virus at Doses Devoid of Toxicity in Zebrafish

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano G. Haddad ◽  
Morgane Picard ◽  
Sebastien Bénard ◽  
Claire Desvignes ◽  
Philippe Desprès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Main Component

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne virus of medical concern. ZIKV infection may represent a serious disease, causing neonatal microcephaly and neurological disorders. Nowadays, there is no approved antiviral against ZIKV. Several indigenous or endemic medicinal plants from Mascarene archipelago in Indian Ocean have been found able to inhibit ZIKV infection. The purpose of our study was to determine whether essential oil (EO) from Reunion Island medicinal plant Ayapana triplinervis, whose thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether (THQ) is the main component has the potential to prevent ZIKV infection in human cells. Virological assays were performed on human epithelial A549 cells infected with either GFP reporter ZIKV or epidemic viral strain. Zebrafish assay was employed to evaluate the acute toxicity of THQ in vivo. We showed that both EO and THQ inhibit ZIKV infection in human cells with IC50 values of 38 and 45 µg/mL, respectively. At the noncytotoxic concentrations, EO and THQ reduced virus progeny production by 3-log. Time-of-drug-addition assays revealed that THQ could act as viral entry inhibitor. At the antiviral effective concentration, THQ injection in zebrafish does not lead to any signs of stress and does not impact fish survival, demonstrating the absence of acute toxicity for THQ. From our data, we propose that THQ is a new potent antiviral phytocompound against ZIKV, supporting the potential use of medicinal plants from Reunion Island as a source of natural and safe antiviral substances against medically important mosquito-borne viruses.

scholarly journals In VitroEffect ofCinnamomum zeylanicumBlume Essential Oil onCandidaspp. Involved in Oral Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne de Lucena Rangel ◽  
Sabrina Garcia de Aquino ◽  
Jefferson Muniz de Lima ◽  
Lúcio Roberto Castellano ◽  
Ricardo Dias de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Main Component

The present study demonstrates the antifungal potential of chemically characterized essential oil (EO) ofCinnamomum zeylanicumBlume onCandidaspp. biofilm and establishes its mode of action, effect on fungal growth kinetics, and cytotoxicity to human cells. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values varied from 62.5 to 1,000μg/mL, and the effect seems to be due to interference with cell wall biosynthesis. The kinetics assay showed that EO at MICx2 (500μg/mL) induced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of the fungal growth after exposure for 8 h. At this concentration, the EO was also able to hinder biofilm formation and reduceCandidaspp. monospecies and multispecies in mature biofilm at 24 h and 48 h (p < 0.05). A protective effect on human red blood cells was detected with the EO at concentrations up to 750μg/mL, as well as an absence of a significant reduction (p > 0.05) in the viability of human red blood cells at concentrations up to 1,000μg/mL. Phytochemical analysis identified eugenol as the main component (68.96%) of the EO.C. zeylanicumBlume EO shows antifungal activity, action on the yeast cell wall, and a deleterious effect onCandidaspp. biofilms. This natural product did not show evidence of cytotoxicity toward human cells.

scholarly journals High-throughput fitness profiling of Zika virus E protein reveals different roles for N-linked glycosylation during infection of mammalian and mosquito cells

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyang Gong ◽  
Tian-hao Zhang ◽  
Dawei Zhao ◽  
Yushen Du ◽  
Travis J. Chapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Nucleotide Position ◽  
List Type ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
E Protein ◽  
Mosquito Cells ◽  
Viral Mutant ◽  
Replication Fitness

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) infection causes Guillain-Barré syndrome and severe birth defects. ZIKV envelope (E) protein is the major viral protein involved in cell receptor binding and entry and therefore considered one of the major determinants in ZIKV pathogenesis. Here, we report a gene-wide mapping of functional residues of ZIKV E protein using a mutant library with changes covering every nucleotide position. By comparing the replication fitness of every viral mutant between mosquito and human cells, we identified that mutations affecting N-linked glycosylation at N154 position display the most divergence. Through characterizing individual mutants, we show that, while ablation of N-linked glycosylation selectively benefits ZIKV infection of mosquito cells by enhancing cell entry, it either had little impact on ZIKV infection on certain human cells or decreased infection through entry factor DC-SIGN. In conclusion, we define the roles of individual residues of ZIKV envelope protein, which contribute to ZIKV replication fitness in human and mosquito cells.HighlightsGene-wide mapping of functional residues of E protein in human and mosquito cells.Mutations affecting N-linked glycosylation display the most dramatic difference.N-linked glycosylation decreases ZIKV entry into mosquito cells.N-linked glycosylation is important for DC-SIGN mediated infection of human cells.

scholarly journals The Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Psiloxylon mauritianum, an Endemic Medicinal Plant from Reunion Island, Inhibits the Early Stages of Dengue and Zika Virus Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clain ◽  
Haddad ◽  
Koishi ◽  
Sinigaglia ◽  
Rachidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Endemic Medicinal Plant

The recent emergence and re-emergence of viral infections transmitted by vectors, such as the Zika virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV), is a cause for international concern. These highly pathogenic arboviruses represent a serious health burden in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Despite the high morbidity and mortality associated with these viral infections, antiviral therapies are missing. Medicinal plants have been widely used to treat various infectious diseases since millenaries. Several compounds extracted from plants exhibit potent effects against viruses in vitro, calling for further investigations regarding their efficacy as antiviral drugs. Here, we demonstrate that an extract from Psiloxylon mauritianum, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island, inhibits the infection of ZIKV in vitro without exhibiting cytotoxic effects. The extract was active against different ZIKV African and Asian strains, including an epidemic one. Time-of-drug-addition assays revealed that the P. mauritianum extract interfered with the attachment of the viral particles to the host cells. Importantly, the P. mauritianum extract was also able to prevent the infection of human cells by four dengue virus serotypes. Due to its potency and ability to target ZIKV and DENV particles, P. mauritianum may be of value for identifying and characterizing antiviral compounds to fight medically-important flaviviruses.

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