scholarly journals The Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Psiloxylon mauritianum, an Endemic Medicinal Plant from Reunion Island, Inhibits the Early Stages of Dengue and Zika Virus Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clain ◽  
Haddad ◽  
Koishi ◽  
Sinigaglia ◽  
Rachidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Endemic Medicinal Plant

The recent emergence and re-emergence of viral infections transmitted by vectors, such as the Zika virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV), is a cause for international concern. These highly pathogenic arboviruses represent a serious health burden in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Despite the high morbidity and mortality associated with these viral infections, antiviral therapies are missing. Medicinal plants have been widely used to treat various infectious diseases since millenaries. Several compounds extracted from plants exhibit potent effects against viruses in vitro, calling for further investigations regarding their efficacy as antiviral drugs. Here, we demonstrate that an extract from Psiloxylon mauritianum, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island, inhibits the infection of ZIKV in vitro without exhibiting cytotoxic effects. The extract was active against different ZIKV African and Asian strains, including an epidemic one. Time-of-drug-addition assays revealed that the P. mauritianum extract interfered with the attachment of the viral particles to the host cells. Importantly, the P. mauritianum extract was also able to prevent the infection of human cells by four dengue virus serotypes. Due to its potency and ability to target ZIKV and DENV particles, P. mauritianum may be of value for identifying and characterizing antiviral compounds to fight medically-important flaviviruses.

scholarly journals The Geraniin-Rich Extract from Reunion Island Endemic Medicinal Plant Phyllanthus phillyreifolius Inhibits Zika and Dengue Virus Infection at Non-Toxic Effect Doses in Zebrafish

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano G. Haddad ◽  
Dovilė Grauzdytė ◽  
Andrea Cristine Koishi ◽  
Wildriss Viranaicken ◽  
Petras Rimantas Venskutonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Antiviral Compound ◽  
Island Endemic ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Endemic Medicinal Plant ◽  
Promising Source

The mosquito-borne viruses dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses are two medically important pathogens in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. There is an urgent need of therapeutics against DENV and ZIKV, and medicinal plants are considered as a promising source of antiviral bioactive metabolites. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of Phyllanthus phillyreifolius, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island, to prevent DENV and ZIKV infection in human cells. At non-cytotoxic concentration in vitro, incubation of infected A549 cells with a P. phillyreifolius extract or its major active phytochemical geraniin resulted in a dramatic reduction of virus progeny production for ZIKV as well as four serotypes of DENV. Virological assays showed that P. phillyreifolius extract-mediated virus inhibition relates to a blockade in internalization of virus particles into the host cell. Infectivity studies on ZIKV showed that both P. phillyreifolius and geraniin cause a loss of infectivity of the viral particles. Using a zebrafish model, we demonstrated that administration of P. phillyreifolius and geraniin has no effect on zebrafish locomotor activity while no morbidity nor mortality was observed up to 5 days post-inoculation. Thus, P. phillyreifolius could act as an important source of plant metabolite geraniin which is a promising antiviral compound in the fight against DENV and ZIKV.

scholarly journals Potent and Non-Cytotoxic Antibacterial Compounds Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Psiloxylon mauritianum, A Medicinal Plant from Reunion Island

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3565
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sorres ◽  
Amandine André ◽  
Elsa Van Elslande ◽  
Didier Stien ◽  
Véronique Eparvier
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Minimal Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Endemic Medicinal Plant

With the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, identification of new anti-staphylococcal drugs has become a necessity. It has long been demonstrated that plants are a large and diverse source of antibacterial compounds. Psiloxylon mauritianum, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island, was chemically investigated for its reported biological activity against S. aureus. Aspidin VB, a phloroglucinol derivative never before described, together with Aspidin BB, were first isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of P. mauritianum leaves. Their structures were elucidated from spectroscopic data. Aspidin VB exhibited strong antibacterial activity against standard and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, with a minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 0.25 μg/mL, and no cytotoxicity was observed at 10−5 M in MRC5 cells. Due to its biological activities, Aspidin VB appears to be a good natural lead in the fight against S. aureus.

Case Report: Transmission of Dengue Virus from a Deceased Donor to a Kidney Transplant Recipient Previously Infected by Dengue Virus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Lecadieu ◽  
Laura Teysseyre ◽  
Kevin Larsen ◽  
Charles Vidal ◽  
Margot Caron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipient ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
First Case ◽  
Réunion Island

Since 2018, a dengue epidemic has been ongoing in the French overseas department of Reunion Island, in the Indian Ocean, with more than 25,000 serologically confirmed cases. Currently, three dengue serotypes have been identified in Réunion Island (DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3) progressing in the form of epidemic outbreaks. This arbovirus is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes and may be responsible for serious clinical forms. To date, very few cases of kidney transplant–related dengue virus infection have been described. Here we report the first case of severe dengue virus infection related to kidney transplantation from a patient previously infected with dengue. Testing for dengue fever with PCR search in donor’s urine may help complete the pretransplant assessment in areas where this disease occurs.

scholarly journals In Vitro Propagation of Digitalis trojana Ivanina., an Endemic Medicinal Plant of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurşen Çördük ◽  
Cüneyt Aki
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Northwestern Turkey ◽  
Helen Of Troy ◽  
Endemic Medicinal Plant

Digitalis trojana Ivanina is a member of the Plantaginaceae family and known by its common name, Helen of Troy foxglove. It is perennial endemic to Çanakkale and Balıkesir, northwestern Turkey. In order to develop an efficient shoot regeneration protocol, the leaf explants of D. trojana were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzyl adenine (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 mg/L) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L), 3% (w/v) sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) agar. The highest number of regenerated shoots was obtained from leaf explants that were cultured on MS medium with 3.0 mg/L BA+0.1 mg/L NAA. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium without plant growth regulators. Rooted plants (2–3 cm) were separately transferred to pots containing a mixture of peat and perlite (2:1 v/v) and acclimatized successfully in a growth chamber.

scholarly journals The epidemic of Dengue virus type-2 Cosmopolitan genotype on Reunion Island relates to its active circulation in the Southwestern Indian Ocean neighboring islands

Heliyon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e01455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Pascalis ◽  
Jonathan Turpin ◽  
Marjolaine Roche ◽  
Pascale Krejbich ◽  
Gilles Gadea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Dengue Virus Type 2 ◽  
Southwestern Indian Ocean

scholarly journals Doratoxylon apetalum, an Indigenous Medicinal Plant from Mascarene Islands, Is a Potent Inhibitor of Zika and Dengue Virus Infection in Human Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano G. Haddad ◽  
Andrea Cristine Koishi ◽  
Arnaud Gaudry ◽  
Claudia Nunes Duarte dos Santos ◽  
Wildriss Viranaicken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Mascarene Islands

Zika virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) are mosquito-borne viruses of the Flavivirus genus that could cause congenital microcephaly and hemorrhage, respectively, in humans, and thus present a risk to global public health. A preventive vaccine against ZIKV remains unavailable, and no specific antiviral drugs against ZIKV and DENV are licensed. Medicinal plants may be a source of natural antiviral drugs which mostly target viral entry. In this study, we evaluate the antiviral activity of Doratoxylum apetalum, an indigenous medicinal plant from the Mascarene Islands, against ZIKV and DENV infection. Our data indicated that D. apetalum exhibited potent antiviral activity against a contemporary epidemic strain of ZIKV and clinical isolates of four DENV serotypes at non-cytotoxic concentrations in human cells. Time-of-drug-addition assays revealed that D. apetalum extract acts on ZIKV entry by preventing the internalisation of virus particles into the host cells. Our data suggest that D. apetalum-mediated ZIKV inhibition relates to virus particle inactivation. We suggest that D. apetalum could be a promising natural source for the development of potential antivirals against medically important flaviviruses.

scholarly journals Protective to a T: The Role of T Cells during Zika Virus Infection

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Pardy ◽  
Martin J. Richer
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Human Infections

CD4 and CD8 T cells are an important part of the host’s capacity to defend itself against viral infections. During flavivirus infections, T cells have been implicated in both protective and pathogenic responses. Given the recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) as a prominent global health threat, the question remains as to how T cells contribute to anti-ZIKV immunity. Furthermore, high homology between ZIKV and other, co-circulating flaviviruses opens the possibility of positive or negative effects of cross-reactivity due to pre-existing immunity. In this review, we will discuss the CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to ZIKV, and the lessons we have learned from both mouse and human infections. In addition, we will consider the possibility of whether T cells, in the context of flavivirus-naïve and flavivirus-immune subjects, play a role in promoting ZIKV pathogenesis during infection.

scholarly journals Zika Virus-Derived E-DIII Protein Displayed on Immunologically Optimized VLPs Induces Neutralizing Antibodies without Causing Enhancement of Dengue Virus Infection

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Cabral-Miranda ◽  
Stephanie M. Lim ◽  
Mona O. Mohsen ◽  
Ilya V. Pobelov ◽  
Elisa S. Roesti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Specific Igg

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus similar to Dengue virus (DENV) in terms of transmission and clinical manifestations, and usually both viruses are found to co-circulate. ZIKV is usually transmitted by mosquitoes bites, but may also be transmitted by blood transfusion, via the maternal–foetal route, and sexually. After 2015, when the most extensive outbreak of ZIKV had occurred in Brazil and subsequently spread throughout the rest of South America, it became evident that ZIKV infection during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with microcephaly and other neurological complications in newborns. As a result, the development of a vaccine against ZIKV became an urgent goal. A major issue with DENV vaccines, and therefore likely also with ZIKV vaccines, is the induction of antibodies that fail to neutralize the virus properly and cause antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of the infection instead. It has previously been shown that antibodies against the third domain of the envelope protein (EDIII) induces optimally neutralizing antibodies with no evidence for ADE for other viral strains. Therefore, we generated a ZIKV vaccine based on the EDIII domain displayed on the immunologically optimized Cucumber mosaic virus (CuMVtt) derived virus-like particles (VLPs) formulated in dioleoyl phosphatidylserine (DOPS) as adjuvant. The vaccine induced high levels of specific IgG after a single injection. The antibodies were able to neutralise ZIKV without enhancing infection by DENV in vitro. Thus, the here described vaccine based on EDIII displayed on VLPs was able to stimulate production of antibodies specifically neutralizing ZIKV without potentially enhancing disease caused by DENV.

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