Synergism and Subadditivity of Verbascoside-Lignans and -Iridoids Binary Mixtures Isolated from Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. on NF-κB/AP-1 Inhibition Activity

Pharmacodynamic interactions between plant isolated compounds are important to understand the mode of action of an herbal extract to formulate or create better standardized extracts, phytomedicines, or phytopharmaceuticals. In this work, we propose binary mixtures using a leader compound to found pharmacodynamic interactions in inhibition of the NF-κB/AP-1 pathway using RAW-Blue™ cells. Eight compounds were isolated from Castilleja tenuiflora, four were new furofuran-type lignans for the species magnolin, eudesmin, sesamin, and kobusin. Magnolin (60.97%) was the most effective lignan inhibiting the NF-κB/AP-1 pathway, followed by eudesmin (56.82%), tenuifloroside (52.91%), sesamin (52.63%), and kobusin (45.45%). Verbascoside, a major compound contained in wild C. tenuiflora showed an inhibitory effect on NF-κB/AP-1. This polyphenol was chosen as a leader compound for binary mixtures. Verbacoside-aucubin and verbascoside-kobusin produced synergism, while verbascoside-tenuifloroside had subadditivity in all concentrations. Verbascoside-kobusin is a promising mixture to use on NF-κB/AP-1 related diseases and anti-inflammatory C. tenuiflora-based phytomedicines.

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Prevalence of Listeria species in raw milk, ice cream and yogurt and effect of selected natural herbal extract on its survival

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/mvmj.2020.21.317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 99-106

Author(s):

Mona Yousef ◽

Hazem Ramadan ◽

Maha Al-Ashmawy

Keyword(s):

Plant Extract ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Ice Cream ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Food Preservation ◽

Herbal Extract ◽

Listeria Species ◽

Soft Cheese ◽

High Reduction

Objective: This study aimed to detect the prevalence of Listeria species in raw milk, ice cream and yogurt, and to evaluate the effect of extract of clove, thyme and pomegranate peel on such organism. Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: One hundred and fifty samples of milk, ice cream and yogurt were examined for isolation, identification and molecular identification of Listeria spp. Extraction of natural plant extract as clove, thyme and pomegranate peels and detection of their inhibitory effect on Listeria spp. Results: The prevalence of Listeria spp. in milk was 36% where 14% as L. monocytogenes, 6% L. innocua and 16% and other Listeria spp. was 16%. In yogurt, Listeria spp. was 6% as L. innocua was 2% and other Listeria spp. was 4%, while no L. monocytogenes was detected. In ice cream, Listeria spp. was 8% where L. monocytogenes was 2% and other Listeria spp. was 6% while no L. innocua was detected. The concentration of plant extract was 2.5% which showed high reduction rate on L. innocua and L. monocytogenes during shelf life of soft cheese. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Listeria is widely isolated from milk than from ice cream and yogurt. Plant extracts play role in food preservation and consider as a natural antimicrobial agent where most effective one was clove extract.

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Molecular Docking Study for Analyzing the Inhibitory Effect of Anti-inflammatory Plant Compound Against Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF-α)

Current Drug Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574885513666180503145352 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 85-90

Author(s):

Sagarika Biswas

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

Tumour Necrosis Factor ◽

Tumour Necrosis ◽

Docking Study ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Molecular Docking Study ◽

Drug Designing ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Necrosis Factor

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder of symmetric synovial joints which is characterized by the chronic inflammation with 0.5-1% prevalence in developed countries. Presence of persistent inflammation is attributed to the major contribution of key inflammatory cytokine and tumour necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- α). Recent drug designing studies are developing TNF-α blockers to provide relief from the symptoms of the disease such as pain and inflammation. Available blockers are showing certain limitations such as it may enhance the rate of tuberculosis (TB) occurrence, lymphoma risk, cost issues and certain infections are major concern. Discussed limitations implicated a need of development of some alternative drugs which exhibit fewer side effects with low cost. Therefore, we have identified anti-inflammatory compounds in an underutilized fruit of Baccaurea sapida (B.sapida) in our previous studies. Among them quercetin have been identified as the most potent lead compound for drug designing studies of RA. Methods: In the present article, characterization of quercetin has been carried out to check its drug likeliness and molecular docking study has been carried out between TNF- α and quercetin by using AutoDock 4.2.1 software. Further, inhibitory effect of B. sapida fruit extract on RA plasma has been analysed through immunological assay ELISA. Results: Our in-silico analysis indicated that quercetin showed non carcinogenic reaction in animal model and it may also cross the membrane barrier easily. We have studied the ten different binding poses and best binding pose of TNF-α and quercetin showed -6.3 kcal/mol minimum binding energy and 23.94 µM inhibitory constant. In addition to this, ELISA indicated 2.2 down regulated expression of TNF-α in RA compared to control. Conclusion: This study may further be utilized for the drug designing studies to reduce TNF-α mediated inflammation in near future. This attempt may also enhance the utilization of this plant worldwide.

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An Anti-Inflammatory 2,4-Cyclized-3,4-Secospongian Diterpenoid and Furanoterpene-Related Metabolites of a Marine Sponge Spongia sp. from the Red Sea

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19010038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Chi-Jen Tai ◽

Chiung-Yao Huang ◽

Atallah F. Ahmed ◽

Raha S. Orfali ◽

Walied M. Alarif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Red Sea ◽

Superoxide Anion ◽

Dermal Fibroblast ◽

Fibroblast Cell ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Human Dermal Fibroblast ◽

Superoxide Anion Generation ◽

Potent Inhibitory Effect ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

New Compounds

Chemical investigation of a Red Sea Spongia sp. led to the isolation of four new compounds, i.e., 17-dehydroxysponalactone (1), a carboxylic acid, spongiafuranic acid A (2), one hydroxamic acid, spongiafuranohydroxamic acid A (3), and a furanyl trinorsesterpenoid 16-epi-irciformonin G (4), along with three known metabolites (−)-sponalisolide B (5), 18-nor- 3,17-dihydroxy-spongia-3,13(16),14-trien-2-one (6), and cholesta-7-ene-3β,5α-diol-6-one (7). The biosynthetic pathway for the molecular skeleton of 1 and related compounds was postulated for the first time. Anti-inflammatory activity of these metabolites to inhibit superoxide anion generation and elastase release in N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLF/CB)-induced human neutrophil cells and cytotoxicity of these compounds toward three cancer cell lines and one human dermal fibroblast cell line were assayed. Compound 1 was found to significantly reduce the superoxide anion generation and elastase release at a concentration of 10 μM, and compound 5 was also found to display strong inhibitory activity against superoxide anion generation at the same concentration. Due to the noncytotoxic activity and the potent inhibitory effect toward the superoxide anion generation and elastase release, 1 and 5 can be considered to be promising anti-inflammatory agents.

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Recent developments about non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their mode of action

General Pharmacology The Vascular System ◽

10.1016/0306-3623(78)90016-2 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 155-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J.P. Famaey

Keyword(s):

Mode Of Action ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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The Anti-inflammatory Cytokine, Interleukin (IL)-10, Blocks the Inhibitory Effect of IL-1β on Long Term Potentiation

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.m108757200 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 276 (49) ◽

pp. 45564-45572 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Áine Kelly ◽

Aileen Lynch ◽

Emily Vereker ◽

Yvonne Nolan ◽

Patrice Queenan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Term Potentiation ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Auranofin on Palmitic Acid and LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response by Modulating TLR4 and NOX4-Mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Macrophages

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115920 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5920

Author(s):

Hyun Hwangbo ◽

Seon Yeong Ji ◽

Min Yeong Kim ◽

So Young Kim ◽

Hyesook Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palmitic Acid ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Simultaneous Treatment ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α

Chronic inflammation, which is promoted by the production and secretion of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in activated macrophages, is responsible for the development of many diseases. Auranofin is a Food and Drug Administration-approved gold-based compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and evidence suggests that auranofin could be a potential therapeutic agent for inflammation. In this study, to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of auranofin on chronic inflammation, a saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA), and a low concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to activate RAW264.7 macrophages. The results show that PA amplified LPS signals to produce nitric oxide (NO) and various cytokines. However, auranofin significantly inhibited the levels of NO, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6, which had been increased by co-treatment with PA and LPS. Moreover, the expression of inducible NO synthase, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA and protein levels increased by PA and LPS were reduced by auranofin. In particular, the upregulation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4 and the translocation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) induced by PA and LPS were suppressed by auranofin. The binding between the toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and auranofin was also predicted, and the release of NO and cytokines was reduced more by simultaneous treatment with auranofin and TLR4 inhibitor than by auranofin alone. In conclusion, all these findings suggested that auranofin had anti-inflammatory effects in PA and LPS-induced macrophages by interacting with TLR4 and downregulating the NOX4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway.

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Antibacterial activity of Urena lobata against uropathogens

Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine ◽

10.4314/njnpm.v25i1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 43-46

Author(s):

Taofeeq Garuba ◽

Nency Katrodiya ◽

Nikita Patel ◽

Swetal Patel ◽

Dhanji. P. Rajani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Agar Plate ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Herbal Extract ◽

Mannitol Salt Agar ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common form of bacterial infections but the treatment becomes cumbersome as the etiological bacteria are developing resistance against antibiotics. This present study evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial activity of Urena lobata against uropathogens. Six urine samples from UTI patients were collected from Pathological Laboratory, G.B. Vaghani Multispecialty Hospital, Surat. Bacteria were isolated from these samples using Nutrient agar, Mac Conkey agar plate, Blood agar, Mannitol salt agar, Eosin Methylene Blue agar and King’s agar. The bacterial isolates were identified using cultural characteristics, microscopic features and biochemical characteristics. Leaf extract of Urena lobata was prepared using Soxhlet Extraction Method whereby methanol and distilled water were the extractants used. Herbal extract disc was prepared at concentrations of 50,75, and100 mg/ml and tested against all the isolates. DMSO and antibiotics (Nitrofurantion, Amikacin, Levofloxacin, Norofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Cephalosporins) were used as negative and positive controls respectively.Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella spp. and Brevibacillus panacihumi were isolated from the urine samples. All concentrations of aqueous and methanolic extracts of U. lobata leaf displayed highest zone of inhibition against B. cereus. No inhibitory effect was observed against the growth of Klebsiella except at the highest concentrations. Further study is encouraged on the in-vivo study of efficacy of U. lobata on etiological agent of UTI.

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Mode of action of an anti-inflammatory fraction from normal human plasma

Nature ◽

10.1038/254444a0 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 254 (5499) ◽

pp. 444-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J. R. WALKER ◽

M. J. H. SMITH ◽

A. W. FORD-HUTCHINSON ◽

F. J. BILLIMORIA

Keyword(s):

Human Plasma ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Normal Human Plasma ◽

Normal Human ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Anti-Inflammatory Activities of a Chinese Herbal Formula IBS-20In VitroandIn Vivo

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/491496 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zhonghan Yang ◽

Viktoriya Grinchuk ◽

Siu Po Ip ◽

Chun-Tao Che ◽

Harry H. S. Fong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Symptom Relief ◽

Herbal Extract ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 ◽

Oxide Synthase

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder and the etiology is not well understood. Currently there is no cure for IBS and no existing medication induces symptom relief in all patients. IBS-20 is a 20-herb Chinese medicinal formula that offers beneficial effects in patients with IBS; however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study showed that IBS-20 potently inhibited LPS- or IFNΓ-stimulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as classically activated macrophage marker nitric oxide synthase 2. Similarly, IBS-20 or the component herbCoptis chinensisdecreased LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from JAWS II dendritic cells. IBS-20 or the component herbs also blocked or attenuated the IFNΓ-induced drop in transepithelial electric resistance, an index of permeability, in fully differentiated Caco-2 monolayer. Finally, the up-regulation of key inflammatory cytokines in inflamed colon from TNBS-treated mice was suppressed significantly by orally administrated IBS-20, including IFNΓ and IL-12p40. These data indicate that the anti-inflammatory activities of IBS-20 may contribute to the beneficial effects of the herbal extract in patients with IBS, providing a potential mechanism of action for IBS-20. In addition, IBS-20 may be a potential therapeutic agent against other Th1-dominant gut pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease.

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