scholarly journals Within-Plant Variation in Rosmarinus officinalis L. Terpenes and Phenols and Their Antimicrobial Activity against the Rosemary Phytopathogens Alternaria alternata and Pseudomonas viridiflava

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3425
Author(s):  
Maria Bellumori ◽  
Marzia Innocenti ◽  
Federica Congiu ◽  
Gabriele Cencetti ◽  
Aida Raio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Plant Variation ◽  
Pseudomonas Viridiflava ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

This study investigated within-plant variability of the main bioactive compounds in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Volatile terpenes, including the enantiomeric distribution of monoterpenes, and phenols were analyzed in young and mature foliar, cortical and xylem tissues. In addition, antimicrobial activity of rosmarinic acid and selected terpenes was evaluated against two rosemary pathogens, Alternaria alternata and Pseudomonas viridiflava. Data showed that total concentration and relative contents of terpenes changed in relation to tissue source and age. Their highest total concentration was observed in the young leaves, followed by mature leaves, cortical and xylem tissues. Rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid contents did not show significant differences between leaf tissues of different ages, while young and mature samples showed variations in the content of four flavonoids. These results are useful for a more targeted harvesting of rosemary plants, in order to produce high-quality essential oils and phenolic extracts. Microbial tests showed that several terpenes and rosmarinic acid significantly inhibited the growth of typical rosemary pathogens. Overall, results on antimicrobial activity suggest the potential application of these natural compounds as biochemical markers in breeding programs aimed to select new chemotypes less susceptible to pathogen attacks, and as eco-friendly chemical alternatives to synthetic pesticides.

scholarly journals Rosmarinus officinalis L.: an update review of its phytochemistry and biological activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Kompelly ◽  
Swathi Kompelly ◽  
Bakshi Vasudha ◽  
Boggula Narender
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

Herbal medicine is one of the oldest valuable bestowals that were given to mankind. Many plants and herbs hold their prestigious position in the field of medicine. The worldwide interest in the use of medicinal plants has been growing, and its beneficial effects being rediscovered for the development of new drugs. Based on their vast ethnopharmacological applications, which inspired current research in drug discovery, natural products can provide new and important leads against various pharmacological targets. This work pioneers an extensive and an updated literature review on the current state of research on Rosmarinus officinalis L., elucidating which compounds and biological activities are the most relevant. According to these references, there has been an increasing interest in the therapeutic properties of this plant, regarding carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid and the essential oil. The present manuscript provides an updated review upon the most reported activities on R. officinalis and its active constituents. This knowledge about the medicinal plants usage can also be extended to other fields like field of pharmacology. In view of the nature of the plant, more research work can be done on humans so that a drug with multifarious effects will be available in the future market. Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis, phytochemicals, carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, neuroprotective activity, anti-diabetic activity.

scholarly journals Effects of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation on a rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L) extract rich in rosmarinic acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geferson A. Gonçalves ◽  
Rúbia C.G. Corrêa ◽  
Lillian Barros ◽  
Maria Inês Dias ◽  
Ricardo C. Calhelha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity Analysis for the Selection of Rosmarinus officinalis L

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0600101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Garbarino ◽  
Nicolás Troncoso ◽  
Pia Delpiano ◽  
Loreto Carvajal ◽  
Alessandra Russo
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽  
Selection Of

Rosmarinus officinalis L. presents a high genetic variability, which is reflected in the chemical composition of the different individuals, and consequently in its biological activity, including antioxidant capacity. The aim of the present research was to correlate the chemical composition of methanolic extracts of the dried leaves of eight rosemary accessions with their antioxidant activity for the selection of plants to optimize the use of rosemary. The eight samples examined, starting from a collection of more than 160 individuals selected by BOTANE Ltd, were cultivated at Illapel, north central Chile, using the same cultivation techniques. The free radical-scavenging capacity was tested by the ability of extracts to bleach the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and to inhibit superoxide anion (O2-) and hydroxyl radical (.OH) production. The metal chelating activity was estimated by the ferrozine assay. All extracts (1–8) contained high concentrations of carnosic acid, and to a minor extent rosmarinic acid, and exhibited antioxidant activity. However, extracts 7 and 8, containing 31.7 and 26.1% of carnosic acid, respectively, have shown a higher biological effect, confirming that the antioxidant activity of R. officinalis leaves is primarily related to this phenolic diterpene and suggesting that the measure of antioxidant activity could be considered a good method in the selection of this plant for its optimization. Interestingly, our experimental evidence also suggests that air pollution negatively influences the carnosic acid content. In fact, samples 3 and 4, with a low carnosic acid content, originated from a highly polluted metropolitan area of Santiago city.

scholarly journals Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) Extracts Containing Carnosic Acid and Carnosol are Potent Quorum Sensing Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seitaro Nakagawa ◽  
Greg G. Hillebrand ◽  
Gabriel Nunez
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and a common cause of skin infection. S. aureus also plays a role in the pathogenesis of the chronic inflammatory skin disease, atopic dermatitis. S. aureus virulence involves activation of the quorum sensing agr operon. In this paper, we show that the diterpene carnosic acid, present in R. officinalis L. (rosemary) leaves, is a specific inhibitor of S. aureus agr expression as low as 5 μM. Carnosol and rosmarinic acid are two other phytochemicals present in rosemary leaves. Carnosol, but not rosmarinic acid, is also a potent agr expression inhibitor. Natural rosemary extracts containing carnosic acid and carnosol inhibit S. aureus agr expression, both in luciferase reporter strains and in wild type strains isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis. Specific inhibition of S. aureus virulence using topical formulations of rosemary extract may offer a practical approach to preventing and treating flares of atopic dermatitis.

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Essential Oil Obtained via Supercritical Fluid Extraction

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SANTOYO ◽  
S. CAVERO ◽  
L. JAIME ◽  
E. IBAÑEZ ◽  
F. J. SEÑORÁNS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽  
Total Oil

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil–rich fractions obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction from Rosmarinus officinalis L. were investigated. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis of these fractions resulted in the identification of 33 compounds of the essential oil. The main components of these fractions were α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, verbenone, and borneol, constituting ca. 80% of the total oil. The antimicrobial activity was investigated by the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods against six microbial species, including gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), a yeast (Candida albicans), and a fungus (Aspergillus niger). All of the essential oil–rich fractions obtained showed antimicrobial activity against all of the microorganisms tested, with inhibition zones and minimal bactericidal and fungicidal concentration values in the range of 17 to 33 mm and 2.25 to 0.25 mg/ml, respectively. The most active fraction was the one obtained in experiment 4 (4% ethanol as modifier; extraction pressure, 25 MPa; extraction temperature, 60°C). S. aureus was found to be the most sensitive bacteria to the rosemary extracts, whereas the least susceptible was A. niger. α-Pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, verbenone, and borneol standards also showed antimicrobial activity against all the microorganisms tested, borneol being the most effective followed by camphor and verbenone. In that way, it was confirmed that essential oil from experiment 4, with the best antimicrobial activity, presented the highest quantity of camphor, borneol, and verbenone.

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