scholarly journals Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) Extracts Containing Carnosic Acid and Carnosol are Potent Quorum Sensing Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seitaro Nakagawa ◽  
Greg G. Hillebrand ◽  
Gabriel Nunez
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and a common cause of skin infection. S. aureus also plays a role in the pathogenesis of the chronic inflammatory skin disease, atopic dermatitis. S. aureus virulence involves activation of the quorum sensing agr operon. In this paper, we show that the diterpene carnosic acid, present in R. officinalis L. (rosemary) leaves, is a specific inhibitor of S. aureus agr expression as low as 5 μM. Carnosol and rosmarinic acid are two other phytochemicals present in rosemary leaves. Carnosol, but not rosmarinic acid, is also a potent agr expression inhibitor. Natural rosemary extracts containing carnosic acid and carnosol inhibit S. aureus agr expression, both in luciferase reporter strains and in wild type strains isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis. Specific inhibition of S. aureus virulence using topical formulations of rosemary extract may offer a practical approach to preventing and treating flares of atopic dermatitis.

scholarly journals The 5′ NAD Cap of RNAIII Modulates Toxin Production in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 202 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Gabriel Morales-Filloy ◽  
Yaqing Zhang ◽  
Gabriele Nübel ◽  
Shilpa Elizabeth George ◽  
Natalya Korn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT Nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD) has been found to be covalently attached to the 5′ ends of specific RNAs in many different organisms, but the physiological consequences of this modification are largely unknown. Here, we report the occurrence of several NAD-RNAs in the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Most prominently, RNAIII, a central quorum-sensing regulator of this bacterium’s physiology, was found to be 5′ NAD capped in a range from 10 to 35%. NAD incorporation efficiency into RNAIII was found to depend in vivo on the −1 position of the P3 promoter. An increase in RNAIII’s NAD content led to a decreased expression of alpha- and delta-toxins, resulting in reduced cytotoxicity of the modified strains. These effects seem to be caused neither by changes in RNAIII’s secondary structure nor by a different translatability upon NAD attachment, as indicated by unaltered patterns in in vitro chemical probing and toeprinting experiments. Even though we did not observe any effect of this modification on RNAIII’s secondary structure or translatability in vitro, additional unidentified factors might account for the modulation of exotoxins in vivo. Ultimately, the study constitutes a step forward in the discovery of new roles of the NAD molecule in bacteria. IMPORTANCE Numerous organisms, including bacteria, are endowed with a 5′ NAD cap in specific RNAs. While the presence of the 5′ NAD cap modulates the stability of the modified RNA species, a significant biological function and phenotype have not been assigned so far. Here, we show the presence of a 5′ NAD cap in RNAIII from S. aureus, a dual-function regulatory RNA involved in quorum-sensing processes and regulation of virulence factor expression. We also demonstrate that altering the natural NAD modification ratio of RNAIII leads to a decrease in exotoxin production, thereby modulating the bacterium’s virulence. Our work unveils a new layer of regulation of RNAIII and the agr system that might be linked to the redox state of the NAD molecule in the cell.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus Agr virulence is critical for epidermal colonization and associates with atopic dermatitis development

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (551) ◽  
pp. eaay4068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuumi Nakamura ◽  
Hiroki Takahashi ◽  
Akiko Takaya ◽  
Yuzaburo Inoue ◽  
Yuki Katayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Skin Colonization ◽  
Japanese Infants

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is commonly associated with colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in the affected skin. To understand the role of S. aureus in the development of AD, we performed whole-genome sequencing of S. aureus strains isolated from the cheek skin of 268 Japanese infants 1 and 6 months after birth. About 45% of infants were colonized with S. aureus at 1 month regardless of AD outcome. In contrast, skin colonization by S. aureus at 6 months of age increased the risk of developing AD. Acquisition of dysfunctional mutations in the S. aureus Agr quorum-sensing (QS) system was primarily observed in strains from 6-month-old infants who did not develop AD. Expression of a functional Agr system in S. aureus was required for epidermal colonization and the induction of AD-like inflammation in mice. Thus, retention of functional S. aureus agr virulence during infancy is associated with pathogen skin colonization and the development of AD.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Phage in Combination with Staphylococcus epidermidis as a Potential Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus-Associated Atopic Dermatitis and Suppressor of Phage-Resistant Mutants

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Yuzuki Shimamori ◽  
Shoichi Mitsunaka ◽  
Hirotaka Yamashita ◽  
Tohru Suzuki ◽  
Tomoe Kitao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Disease Exacerbation ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Mutants

Atopic dermatitis is accompanied by the abnormal overgrowth of Staphylococcus aureus, a common cause of skin infections and an opportunistic pathogen. Although administration of antibiotics is effective against S. aureus, the resulting reduction in healthy microbiota and the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria are of concern. We propose that phage therapy can be an effective strategy to treat atopic dermatitis without perturbing the microbiota structure. In this study, we examined whether the S. aureus phage SaGU1 could be a tool to counteract the atopic exacerbation induced by S. aureus using an atopic mouse model. Administration of SaGU1 to the back skin of mice reduced both S. aureus counts and the disease exacerbation caused by S. aureus. Furthermore, the S. aureus-mediated exacerbation of atopic dermatitis with respect to IgE plasma concentration and histopathological findings was ameliorated by the application of SaGU1. We also found that Staphylococcus epidermidis, a typical epidermal symbiont in healthy skin, significantly attenuated the emergence of SaGU1-resistant S. aureus under co-culture with S. aureus and S. epidermidis in liquid culture infection experiments. Our results suggest that phage therapy using SaGU1 could be a promising clinical treatment for atopic dermatitis.

scholarly journals Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) extract decreases the biofilms viability of oral health interest

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Jonatas Rafae De Oliveira ◽  
Daiane De Jesus ◽  
Luciane Dias de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Mtt Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽  
Reduction Percentage

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the effect of rosemary extract on <em>Candida albicans</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>, <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>monomicrobial biofilms viability, as well as on <em>C. albicans </em>associated with <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>E. faecalis</em>, <em>S. mutans</em> or <em>P. aeruginosa </em>in polymicrobial biofilms. <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>In microtiter plate, mono- and polymicrobial biofilms for 48 h were formed. Then, they were exposed for 5 min to rosemary extract (200 mg/mL). Saline (0.9% NaCl) was used as control. After, washes were done with saline to remove the affected cells. Biofilm viability was checked by MTT colorimetric assay, after treatment. Absorbance of the wells was read in microplate spectrophotometer (570 nm) and data were converted to reduction percentage and statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05). <strong>Results:</strong> After application of rosemary extract, with exception of the <em>E. faecalis</em> biofilm, significant reductions in mono- and polymicrobial biofilms viability were observed. <strong>Conclusion: </strong><em>C. albicans</em>, <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>S. mutans</em> and <em>P. aeruginosa</em> monomicrobial biofilms were affected by rosemary extract, as well as <em>C. albicans</em> associated with <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>E. faecalis</em>, <em>S. mutans</em> or <em>P. aeruginosa</em> in polymicrobial biofilms, presenting significant viability reductions.   </p>

Degradation Study of Carnosic Acid, Carnosol, Rosmarinic Acid, and Rosemary Extract (Rosmarinus officinalisL.) Assessed Using HPLC

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (36) ◽  
pp. 9305-9314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Jonathan P. Smuts ◽  
Edra Dodbiba ◽  
Rekha Rangarajan ◽  
John C. Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Degradation Study

scholarly journals Rosmarinus officinalis L.: an update review of its phytochemistry and biological activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Kompelly ◽  
Swathi Kompelly ◽  
Bakshi Vasudha ◽  
Boggula Narender
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

Herbal medicine is one of the oldest valuable bestowals that were given to mankind. Many plants and herbs hold their prestigious position in the field of medicine. The worldwide interest in the use of medicinal plants has been growing, and its beneficial effects being rediscovered for the development of new drugs. Based on their vast ethnopharmacological applications, which inspired current research in drug discovery, natural products can provide new and important leads against various pharmacological targets. This work pioneers an extensive and an updated literature review on the current state of research on Rosmarinus officinalis L., elucidating which compounds and biological activities are the most relevant. According to these references, there has been an increasing interest in the therapeutic properties of this plant, regarding carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid and the essential oil. The present manuscript provides an updated review upon the most reported activities on R. officinalis and its active constituents. This knowledge about the medicinal plants usage can also be extended to other fields like field of pharmacology. In view of the nature of the plant, more research work can be done on humans so that a drug with multifarious effects will be available in the future market. Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis, phytochemicals, carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, neuroprotective activity, anti-diabetic activity.

scholarly journals Rosemary extract as a natural source of bioactive compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P.J. Namal Senanayake
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽  
Phenolic Diterpenes

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis, L.) is an aromatic evergreen herb widely used around the globe as a spice/seasoning, flavoring agent and for medicinal applications. Rosemary extract derived from rosemary leaves contains several polyphenolic components which exhibit antioxidant properties, but the predominant active components are the phenolic diterpenes, namely, carnosic acid and carnosol. Over 90% antioxidant activity of rosemary extract is attributed primarily to high content of lipophilic antioxidant molecules such as carnosic acid and carnosol. In addition to antioxidant components, rosemary extract also contains some volatile compounds. Rosemary extract bioactive compounds are also responsible for their distinctive aroma, color and flavor attributes. Rosemary extract can be applied in a wide range of oils and fats, and lipid-containing foods to delay lipid oxidation and to enhance the shelf-life of various food, feed and pet food products. This review delineates the chemistry, antioxidant mechanism, volatile flavor compounds, regulatory position, food applications, and stability of rosemary extract in foods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document