scholarly journals Revealing DNA Structure at Liquid/Solid Interfaces by AFM-Based High-Resolution Imaging and Molecular Spectroscopy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6476
Author(s):  
Ewelina Lipiec ◽  
Kamila Sofińska ◽  
Sara Seweryn ◽  
Natalia Wilkosz ◽  
Marek Szymonski
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Molecular Spectroscopy ◽  
Dna Structure ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Liquid Environment ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Tip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Living Organisms

DNA covers the genetic information in all living organisms. Numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors may influence the local structure of the DNA molecule or compromise its integrity. Detailed understanding of structural modifications of DNA resulting from interactions with other molecules and surrounding environment is of central importance for the future development of medicine and pharmacology. In this paper, we review the recent achievements in research on DNA structure at nanoscale. In particular, we focused on the molecular structure of DNA revealed by high-resolution AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) imaging at liquid/solid interfaces. Such detailed structural studies were driven by the technical developments made in SPM (Scanning Probe Microscopy) techniques. Therefore, we describe here the working principles of AFM modes allowing high-resolution visualization of DNA structure under native (liquid) environment. While AFM provides well-resolved structure of molecules at nanoscale, it does not reveal the chemical structure and composition of studied samples. The simultaneous information combining the structural and chemical details of studied analyte allows achieve a comprehensive picture of investigated phenomenon. Therefore, we also summarize recent molecular spectroscopy studies, including Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS), on the DNA structure and its structural rearrangements.

scholarly journals AROMATIC STEROIDS BIOMARKERS APPLIED TO HIGH RESOLUTION STRATIGRAPHY: IRATI FORMATION, SOUTHERN OF PARANÁ BASIN, BRAZIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Liliana Osorio ◽  
Darlly Erika Silva dos Reis ◽  
René Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Water System ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Irati Formation ◽  
Organic Matter Type ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Rock Eval ◽  
Geochemical Studies

The use of aromatic steroids in geochemical studies is almost absent in Brazilian sedimentary basins. For this reason, it is intended to test the application of these compounds in high-resolution stratigraphy in the relatively well known Lower Permian Irati Formation. The Irati Formation is about 40 meters thick. It is thermally immature, and comprise two lithological distinct members: the lower siliciclastic Taquaral Member and the upper calcareous-siliciclastic Assistência Member. Based on the whole rock data, mostly TOC, total sulfur, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and alkanes biomarkers, was possible to split the Irati Formation into seven chemostratigraphic units, named from A to C in the Taquaral Member and from D to G in the Assistência Member. Each of these units represents: distinct inputs of land derived organic matter type (chemostratigraphic units C and F) and/or; the response of living organisms to salinity changing of the water system (chemostratigraphic unit D) and; anoxia (chemostratigraphic unit E) during sedimentation. The methodology applied in this work can be used in other sedimentary basins but considering the lithology and sedimentary environment particularities.

High Resolution Molecular Spectroscopy

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 9-10
Author(s):  
I. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Molecular Spectroscopy

scholarly journals The impact of resolving the Rossby radius at mid-latitudes in the ocean: results from a high-resolution version of the Met Office GC2 coupled model

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3655-3670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene T. Hewitt ◽  
Malcolm J. Roberts ◽  
Pat Hyder ◽  
Tim Graham ◽  
Jamie Rae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Enhanced Resolution ◽  
Circumpolar Current ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. There is mounting evidence that resolving mesoscale eddies and western boundary currents as well as topographically controlled flows can play an important role in air–sea interaction associated with vertical and lateral transports of heat and salt. Here we describe the development of the Met Office Global Coupled Model version 2 (GC2) with increased resolution relative to the standard model: the ocean resolution is increased from 1/4 to 1/12° (28 to 9 km at the Equator), the atmosphere resolution increased from 60 km (N216) to 25 km (N512) and the coupling period reduced from 3 hourly to hourly. The technical developments that were required to build a version of the model at higher resolution are described as well as results from a 20-year simulation. The results demonstrate the key role played by the enhanced resolution of the ocean model: reduced sea surface temperature (SST) biases, improved ocean heat transports, deeper and stronger overturning circulation and a stronger Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Our results suggest that the improvements seen here require high resolution in both atmosphere and ocean components as well as high-frequency coupling. These results add to the body of evidence suggesting that ocean resolution is an important consideration when developing coupled models for weather and climate applications.

scholarly journals The impact of resolving the Rossby radius at mid-latitudes in the ocean: results from a high-resolution version of the Met Office GC2 coupled model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene T. Hewitt ◽  
Malcolm J. Roberts ◽  
Pat Hyder ◽  
Tim Graham ◽  
Jamie Rae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Enhanced Resolution ◽  
Circumpolar Current ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. There is mounting evidence that resolving mesoscale eddies and boundary currents in the surface ocean field can play an important role in air-sea interaction associated with vertical and lateral transports of heat and salt. Here we describe the development of the Met Office Global Coupled Model version 2 (GC2) with increased resolution relative to the standard model: the ocean resolution is increased from 1/4° to 1/12° (28 km to 9 km at the Equator), the atmosphere resolution increased from 60 km (N216) to 25 km (N512) and the coupling frequency increased from 3-hourly to hourly. The technical developments that were required to build a version of the model at higher resolution are described as well as results from a 20 year simulation. The results demonstrate the key role played by the enhanced resolution of the ocean model: reduced Sea Surface Temperature biases, improved ocean heat transports, deeper and stronger overturning circulation and a stronger Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Our results suggest that the improvements seen here require high resolution in both atmosphere and ocean components as well as high frequency coupling. These results add to the body of evidence suggesting that ocean resolution is an important consideration when developing coupled models for weather and climate applications.

High resolution noncontact atomic force microscopy imaging with oxygen-terminated copper tips at 78 K

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2961-2965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damla Yesilpinar ◽  
Bertram Schulze Lammers ◽  
Alexander Timmer ◽  
Saeed Amirjalayer ◽  
Harald Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Organic Molecule ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Bond Lengths ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging

AFM experiments at 78 K with an atomically defined O-terminated Cu tip allow determining bond lengths of an organic molecule with high precision.

scholarly journals The Plant Target of Rapamycin: A Conduc TOR of Nutrition and Metabolism in Photosynthetic Organisms

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Camille Ingargiola ◽  
Gustavo Turqueto Duarte ◽  
Christophe Robaglia ◽  
Anne-Sophie Leprince ◽  
Christian Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Tor Signaling ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Tor Pathway ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Living organisms possess many mechanisms to sense nutrients and favorable conditions, which allow them to grow and develop. Photosynthetic organisms are very diverse, from green unicellular algae to multicellular flowering plants, but most of them are sessile and thus unable to escape from the biotic and abiotic stresses they experience. The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway is conserved in all eukaryotes and acts as a central regulatory hub between growth and extrinsic factors, such as nutrients or stress. However, relatively little is known about the regulations and roles of this pathway in plants and algae. Although some features of the TOR pathway seem to have been highly conserved throughout evolution, others clearly differ in plants, perhaps reflecting adaptations to different lifestyles and the rewiring of this primordial signaling module to adapt to specific requirements. Indeed, TOR is involved in plant responses to a vast array of signals including nutrients, hormones, light, stresses or pathogens. In this review, we will summarize recent studies that address the regulations of TOR by nutrients in photosynthetic organisms, and the roles of TOR in controlling important metabolic pathways, highlighting similarities and differences with the other eukaryotes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document