Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Carotenoids from Carrot Pomace and Their Optimization through Response Surface Methodology

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract carotenoids from the carrot pomace. To investigate the effect of independent variables on the UAE, the response surface methodology (RSM) with central-composite design (CCD) was employed. The study was conducted with three independent variables including extraction time (min), temperature (°C), and ethanol concentration (%). The results showed that the optimal conditions for UAE were achieved with an extraction time of 17 min, temperature of 32 °C, and ethanol concentration of 51% of total carotenoids (31.82 ± 0.55); extraction time of 16 min, temperature of 29 °C, and ethanol concentration of 59% for a combination of β-carotene (14.89 ± 0.40), lutein (5.77 ± 0.19), and lycopene (2.65 ± 0.12). The non-significant (p > 0.05) correlation under optimal extraction conditions between predicted and experimental values suggested that UAE is the more productive process than conventional techniques for the extraction of carotenoids from the carrot pomace.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics from Sideritis raeseri Using Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26133949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (13) ◽

pp. 3949

Author(s):

Katarina Šavikin ◽

Jelena Živković ◽

Teodora Janković ◽

Nada Ćujić-Nikolić ◽

Gordana Zdunić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

In this study we define the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive polyphenols from S. raeseri aerial parts using response surface methodology. The influence of ethanol concentration (10–90%), extraction temperature (20–80 °C), extraction time (10–60 min), and solid-to-solvent ratio (1:10–1:50) on total phenolic content as well as on content of individual flavonoids, and hypolaetin and isoscutellarein derivatives was studied. For the experimental design, a central composite design was chosen. In the obtained extracts, the following ranges of targeted compounds were detected: total phenol from 19.32 to 47.23 mg GAE/g dw, HYP from 1.05 to 11.46 mg/g dw, ISC 1 from 0.68 to 10.68 mg/g dw, and ISC 2 from 0.74 to 15.56 mg/g dw. The optimal extraction conditions were set as: ethanol concentration of 65%, extraction time of 50 min, extraction temperature of 63 °C, and solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:40. Contents of TP, HYP, ISC 1, and ISC 2 in optimal extracts were 47.11 mg GAE/g dw, 11.73 mg/g dw, 9.54 mg/g dw, and 15.40 mg/g dw, respectively. Experimentally set values were in good agreement with those predicted by the response surface methodology model, indicating suitability of the used model, as well as the success of response surface methodology in optimizing the conditions of the extraction.

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Optimization of an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Condition for Flavonoid Compounds from Cocoa Shells (Theobroma cacao) Using Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24040711 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 711 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Arief Md Yusof ◽

Siti Abd Gani ◽

Uswatun Zaidan ◽

Mohd Halmi ◽

Badrul Zainudin

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Ultrasound Irradiation ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Experimental Values

This study investigates the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Malaysian cocoa shell extracts, and optimization using response surface methodology. There are three variables involved in this study, namely: ethanol concentration (70–90 v/v %), temperature (45–65 °C), and ultrasound irradiation time (30–60 min). All of the data were collected and analyzed for variance (ANOVA). The coefficient of determination (R2) and the model was significant in interaction between all variables (98% and p < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, the lack of fit test for the model was not of significance, with p > 0.0684. The ethanol concentration, temperature, and ultrasound irradiation time that yielded the maximum value of the total flavonoid content (TFC; 7.47 mg RE/g dried weight (DW)) was 80%, 55 °C, and 45 min, respectively. The optimum value from the validation of the experimental TFC was 7.23 ± 0.15 mg of rutin, equivalent per gram of extract with ethanol concentration, temperature, and ultrasound irradiation time values of 74.20%, 49.99 °C, and 42.82 min, respectively. While the modelled equation fits the data, the T-test is not significant, suggesting that the experimental values agree with those predicted by the response surface methodology models.

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Modelling and Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols Using Response Surface Methodology

European Journal of Engineering Research and Science ◽

10.24018/ejers.2020.5.9.2115 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 1004-1012

Author(s):

Junior Franck Ekorong Akouan Anta ◽

Biloa Dorothée Marcelle ◽

Bruno Fabrice Siewe ◽

Raghavarao K. S. M. S.

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Stirring Rate ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Mango seed kernels are by-products of the consumption and transformation of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L.). Many ways of valorisation have been proposed, and among them, their phenolic compounds extraction. To increase the extraction yield, ultrasound-assisted extraction was modelled and optimized. The 4 factors Central Composite design associated with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were used to achieve that goal. The effect of extraction time, temperature, stirring rate and the Ultrasound Amplitude, on the total phenolic compound extraction yield and the total reducing power of the extract, were studied and modelled. The modelling allows us to do a multi-response optimization to identify the best-operating conditions to achieve at the same time the highest extraction yield and antioxidant capacity. The optimal operating conditions achieved were 41.82 min of extraction time, 54.75⁰C as extraction time, under 266.67 rpm as stirring rate, and 100% ultrasound amplitude. With an expected extraction yield of 71.35 mg GA/g, and 123.058 mg AA/g of total reducing power. 2 extraction cycles, under these conditions, are enough to extract a maximum of the phenolic content, under the described conditions.

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Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction for Pinocembrin from Flos populi Using Response Surface Methodology

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijfe-2016-0428 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Zunlai Sheng ◽

Biying Wang ◽

Jiahong Zhao ◽

Wenhui Yu

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Surface Model ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Acoustic Intensity ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted

Abstract In this study, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used for extraction of pinocembrin from Flos populi. Based on the results of the single-factor experiment, four independent parameters, including ethanol concentration (40–80 %), extraction temperature (50–70 °C), extraction time (25–45 min) and electrical acoustic intensity (40.8–81.5 W/m2) were further investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design. The experimental data were fitted to the quadratic response surface model using multiple regression analysis with high adjusted determination coefficient value (R 2) of 0.9697. The highest yield (134.2 ± 1.53 mg/g) of pinocembrin was obtained under the optimal conditions (ethanol concentration of 68 %, extraction temperature of 69 °C, extraction time of 42 min and electrical acoustic intensity of 66.81 W/cm2), which agreed to the predicted value of 132.9 mg/g. Moreover, the comparison between the UAE and reflux extraction also showed the suitability of UAE for pinocembrin from Flos populi.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Acacia Seyal Gum Using Response Surface Methodology and Their Chemical Content Identification by Raman, FTIR, and GC-TOFMS

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10101612 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1612

Author(s):

Tahani Maher ◽

Nassereldeen A. Kabbashi ◽

Mohamed E. S. Mirghani ◽

Md Z. Alam ◽

Djabir Daddiouaissa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Acacia Seyal

Acacia Seyal gum (ASG), also known as gum Arabic, is an antioxidant-rich soluble fiber. ASG has been reported to have many biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antiulcer, and immunomodulatory activity. Extraction of bioactive compounds from ASG is commonly performed using conventional extraction methods. However, these techniques have certain limitation in terms of extraction time, energy, and solvent requirements. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) could be used as an alternative technique to extract bioactive compounds in less time, at low temperature, and with less energy and solvent requirements. In this study, the UAE extraction of ASG was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) was used to monitor the effect of different independent factors of ultrasound operation (sonication time, temperature, and solvent ratio) on ASG extraction yield. In addition, screening and characterization of phytochemicals in 60% ethanol ASG extract was carried out using Raman microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (GC-TOFMS) analysis. The results indicated that, under optimal conditions (extraction time 45 min, extraction temperature 40 °C, and solid–liquid ratio of 1:25 g/mL), the yield of ASG was 75.87% ± 0.10. This yield was reasonably close to the predicted yield of 75.39% suggested by the design of experiment. The ANOVA revealed that the model was highly significant due to the low probability value (p < 0.0001). Raman spectrum fingerprint detected polysaccharides, such as galactose and glucose, and protein like lysine and proline, while FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of functional groups peaks value of alkanes, aldehydes, aliphatic amines, and phenol. GC-TOFMS spectroscopic detected the presence of strong d-galactopyranose, carotenoid, and lycopene antioxidant compounds. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the UAE technique is an efficient method to achieve a high yield of ASG extracts. The selected model is adequate to optimize the extraction of several chemical compounds reported in this study.

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A ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION (UAE) OF PHYTOCHEMICALS WITH RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY(RSM) IN Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Science Proceedings Series ◽

10.31580/sps.v2i2.1431 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 139-146

Author(s):

Najiba Azemi ◽

Norazah Basar ◽

Susilawati Toemen

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Optimum Condition ◽

Response Surface ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Array Detector ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

The Curcuma genus belongs to the Zingiberaceae family is commonly known for its usage as spice and medicine.it is widely used in pharmaceutical, food supplement, cosmetic industries lead to economic benefits. Recently, noticing to an eco-friendly extraction approach which provides the extraction efficiency is considered that in the extraction process, exploring the optimum condition of extraction parameters. This study is performed to improve the bioactive compounds extraction from C. xanthorrhiza by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Three independent variables: extraction time (5-20 min), temperature (30-50 ° C) and liquid-solid ratio (6-10 mL / g) are applied using Box-Behnken (BBD) design. Quantification of curcumin and xanthorrhizol are carried out using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) equiped by a photodiode array detector. Extraction time 20 minutes, temperature of 50°C, and LS ratio 8 mL/g are found as the optimum condition of extraction yield and quantification of xanthorrhizol. Curcumin 's optimum state, however, is observed at extraction time 12.50 minutes, temperature 30 ° C, and liquid-solid ratio of 10 mL / g. This study suggests that there are favorable potential using method of ultrasound-assisted extraction under specific parameters in the extraction process which is advantageous for advanced research.

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Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Isoliquiritigenin from Licorice by Response Surface Methodology

The Open Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.2174/1874123101509010149 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 149-154

Author(s):

Hu Zhiyong ◽

Zhou Yajing ◽

Xu Xia ◽

Liu Shuyan ◽

Jing Jie

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Chemopreventive Agent ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Potential Cancer

Isoliquiritigenin (ILG) of licorice is a potential cancer chemopreventive agent. In this paper, response surface methodology (RSM) integrating with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was firstly employed to optimize the ILG extraction, which based on the single-factor experiments. According to analysis, the effect of extraction time and ethanol concentration on yields was significantly. The optimum values were the ethanol concentration of 73.25%, extraction time of 27.82 min and liquid-solid ratio of 19.10: 1. Under these conditions, the highest yield of ILG from licorice was 0.26 mg/g.

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UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Total Flavonoid Extract from Paeonia lactiflora Seed Peel and Optimization by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/7304107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Guiqin Shi ◽

Jiaxin Shen ◽

Tao Wei ◽

Fei Ren ◽

Famou Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Paeonia Lactiflora ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Time ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

In this study, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of flavonoid from Paeonia lactiflora seed peel was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Single-factor experiments and a three-factor three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) were performed to explore the effects of the following parameters on flavonoid extraction: ethanol concentration ( X 1 ), liquid-solid ratio ( X 2 ), and ultrasonic time ( X 3 ). The results showed that the optimal flavonoid yield (10.9045 mg RE/g) was as follows: ethanol concentration 62.93%, ultrasonic time 64.56 min, and liquid-solid ratio 24.86 mL/g. The optimized extract of P. lactiflora seed shell was further analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and 20 main flavonoids were identified and quantified, among which protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde had the highest content. Furthermore, the results of the antioxidant test showed that the P. lactiflora seed peel extract obtained under optimized UAE conditions exhibited good antioxidant activity. The experimental results showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction was a fast, efficient, and simple method for extracting active ingredients from P. lactiflora seed peel, thereby making this byproduct a promising source of compounds in food and healthcare sectors.

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Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-Based Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Sennoside A, Sennoside B, Aloe-Emodin, Emodin, and Chrysophanol from Senna alexandrina (Aerial Parts): HPLC-UV and Antioxidant Analysis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules27010298 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 298

Author(s):

Perwez Alam ◽

Omar M. Noman ◽

Rashed N. Herqash ◽

Omer M. Almarfadi ◽

Ali Akhtar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Aloe Emodin ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were optimized to maximize the yields of sennoside A, sennoside B, aloe-emodin, emodin, and chrysophanol from S. alexandrina (aerial parts). The three UAE factors, extraction temperature (S1), extraction time (S2), and liquid to solid ratio (S3), were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A Box–Behnken design was used for experimental design and phytoconstituent analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-UV. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be a 64.2 °C extraction temperature, 52.1 min extraction time, and 25.2 mL/g liquid to solid ratio. The experimental values of sennoside A, sennoside B, aloe-emodin, emodin, and chrysophanol (2.237, 12.792, 2.457, 0.261, and 1.529%, respectively) agreed with those predicted (2.152, 12.031, 2.331, 0.214, and 1.411%, respectively) by RSM models, thus demonstrating the appropriateness of the model used and the accomplishment of RSM in optimizing the extraction conditions. Excellent antioxidant properties were exhibited by S. alexandrina methanol extract obtained using the optimized extraction conditions with a DPPH assay (IC50 = 59.7 ± 1.93, µg/mL) and ABTS method (47.2 ± 1.40, µg/mL) compared to standard ascorbic acid.

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Comparison of Artificial Neural Networks and Response Surface Methodology towards an Efficient Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Chlorogenic Acid from Lonicera japonica

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24122304 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 2304 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hui-Chuan Yu ◽

Shang-Ming Huang ◽

Wei-Min Lin ◽

Chia-Hung Kuo ◽

Chwen-Jen Shieh

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Response Surface ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Lonicera Japonica ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Ultrasound Power

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a bioactive compound commonly found in plants, has been demonstrated possessing nutraceutical potential in recent years. However, the more critical issue concerning how to improve production efficacy of CGA is still limited. It is a challenge to harvest a large amount of CGA without prolonging extraction time. In this study, the feasibility of using ultrasound for CGA extraction from Lonicera japonica was investigated. A central composite design (CCD) was employed to evaluate the effects of the operation parameters, including temperature, ethanol concentration, liquid to solid ratio, and ultrasound power on CGA yields. Meanwhile, the process of ultrasound-assisted extraction was optimized through modeling response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). The data indicated that CGA was efficiently extracted from the flower of Lonicera japonica by ultrasound assistance. The optimal conditions for the maximum extraction of CGA were as follows: The temperature at 33.56 °C, ethanol concentration at 65.88%, L/S ratio at 46:1 mL/g and ultrasound power at 150 W. ANN possessed greater optimization capacity than RSM for fitting experimental data and predicting the extraction process to obtain a maximum CGA yield. In conclusion, the process of ultrasound-assisted extraction can be well established by a methodological approach using either RSM or ANN, but it is worth mentioning that the ANN model used here showed the superiority over RSM for predicting and optimizing.

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