Modelling and Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols Using Response Surface Methodology

Mango seed kernels are by-products of the consumption and transformation of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L.). Many ways of valorisation have been proposed, and among them, their phenolic compounds extraction. To increase the extraction yield, ultrasound-assisted extraction was modelled and optimized. The 4 factors Central Composite design associated with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were used to achieve that goal. The effect of extraction time, temperature, stirring rate and the Ultrasound Amplitude, on the total phenolic compound extraction yield and the total reducing power of the extract, were studied and modelled. The modelling allows us to do a multi-response optimization to identify the best-operating conditions to achieve at the same time the highest extraction yield and antioxidant capacity. The optimal operating conditions achieved were 41.82 min of extraction time, 54.75⁰C as extraction time, under 266.67 rpm as stirring rate, and 100% ultrasound amplitude. With an expected extraction yield of 71.35 mg GA/g, and 123.058 mg AA/g of total reducing power. 2 extraction cycles, under these conditions, are enough to extract a maximum of the phenolic content, under the described conditions.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Acacia Seyal Gum Using Response Surface Methodology and Their Chemical Content Identification by Raman, FTIR, and GC-TOFMS

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10101612 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1612

Author(s):

Tahani Maher ◽

Nassereldeen A. Kabbashi ◽

Mohamed E. S. Mirghani ◽

Md Z. Alam ◽

Djabir Daddiouaissa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Acacia Seyal

Acacia Seyal gum (ASG), also known as gum Arabic, is an antioxidant-rich soluble fiber. ASG has been reported to have many biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antiulcer, and immunomodulatory activity. Extraction of bioactive compounds from ASG is commonly performed using conventional extraction methods. However, these techniques have certain limitation in terms of extraction time, energy, and solvent requirements. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) could be used as an alternative technique to extract bioactive compounds in less time, at low temperature, and with less energy and solvent requirements. In this study, the UAE extraction of ASG was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) was used to monitor the effect of different independent factors of ultrasound operation (sonication time, temperature, and solvent ratio) on ASG extraction yield. In addition, screening and characterization of phytochemicals in 60% ethanol ASG extract was carried out using Raman microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (GC-TOFMS) analysis. The results indicated that, under optimal conditions (extraction time 45 min, extraction temperature 40 °C, and solid–liquid ratio of 1:25 g/mL), the yield of ASG was 75.87% ± 0.10. This yield was reasonably close to the predicted yield of 75.39% suggested by the design of experiment. The ANOVA revealed that the model was highly significant due to the low probability value (p < 0.0001). Raman spectrum fingerprint detected polysaccharides, such as galactose and glucose, and protein like lysine and proline, while FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of functional groups peaks value of alkanes, aldehydes, aliphatic amines, and phenol. GC-TOFMS spectroscopic detected the presence of strong d-galactopyranose, carotenoid, and lycopene antioxidant compounds. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the UAE technique is an efficient method to achieve a high yield of ASG extracts. The selected model is adequate to optimize the extraction of several chemical compounds reported in this study.

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Ultrasound-assisted extraction of bayberry tannin and optimization using response surface methodology

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.1.1825-1841 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1825-1841

Author(s):

Mengqi Dong ◽

Yufan Hu ◽

Huijun Zhang ◽

Xinyuan Lan ◽

Xiaolu Ran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

The extraction of bayberry tannins has potential to maximize the utilization of a forest waste. This study employed a four-level central composite design through response surface methodology to optimize the extraction of tannin from bayberry barks through ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The effects of solute to solvent ratio (STSR), solvent concentration (SC), extraction time (ET), and sonication temperature (ST) on the total extraction yield of total condensed tannin (TCT yield) and total phenolic content (TPC) were investigated. The extracts were characterized with matrix-assisted laser desorption-time of flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The optimized condition was reached when the STSR and ST were set at 1:57.16 g/mL and 71.3%, when the ET and the ST was 39.1 min and 48.75 °C. In these conditions, the TCT yield and TPC reached their maximum values of 17.55% and 365.01 mg GAE/g, respectively. Furthermore, the polyflavonoids of bayberry tannin ranged from dimers to heptamers, which were only composed of proanthocyanidins (PC) containing galloy groups.

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A ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION (UAE) OF PHYTOCHEMICALS WITH RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY(RSM) IN Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Science Proceedings Series ◽

10.31580/sps.v2i2.1431 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 139-146

Author(s):

Najiba Azemi ◽

Norazah Basar ◽

Susilawati Toemen

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Optimum Condition ◽

Response Surface ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Array Detector ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

The Curcuma genus belongs to the Zingiberaceae family is commonly known for its usage as spice and medicine.it is widely used in pharmaceutical, food supplement, cosmetic industries lead to economic benefits. Recently, noticing to an eco-friendly extraction approach which provides the extraction efficiency is considered that in the extraction process, exploring the optimum condition of extraction parameters. This study is performed to improve the bioactive compounds extraction from C. xanthorrhiza by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Three independent variables: extraction time (5-20 min), temperature (30-50 ° C) and liquid-solid ratio (6-10 mL / g) are applied using Box-Behnken (BBD) design. Quantification of curcumin and xanthorrhizol are carried out using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) equiped by a photodiode array detector. Extraction time 20 minutes, temperature of 50°C, and LS ratio 8 mL/g are found as the optimum condition of extraction yield and quantification of xanthorrhizol. Curcumin 's optimum state, however, is observed at extraction time 12.50 minutes, temperature 30 ° C, and liquid-solid ratio of 10 mL / g. This study suggests that there are favorable potential using method of ultrasound-assisted extraction under specific parameters in the extraction process which is advantageous for advanced research.

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Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Carotenoids from Carrot Pomace and Their Optimization through Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26226763 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (22) ◽

pp. 6763

Author(s):

Muhammad Umair ◽

Saqib Jabbar ◽

Mustapha M. Nasiru ◽

Zhaoxin Lu ◽

Jianhao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Productive Process ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used to extract carotenoids from the carrot pomace. To investigate the effect of independent variables on the UAE, the response surface methodology (RSM) with central-composite design (CCD) was employed. The study was conducted with three independent variables including extraction time (min), temperature (°C), and ethanol concentration (%). The results showed that the optimal conditions for UAE were achieved with an extraction time of 17 min, temperature of 32 °C, and ethanol concentration of 51% of total carotenoids (31.82 ± 0.55); extraction time of 16 min, temperature of 29 °C, and ethanol concentration of 59% for a combination of β-carotene (14.89 ± 0.40), lutein (5.77 ± 0.19), and lycopene (2.65 ± 0.12). The non-significant (p > 0.05) correlation under optimal extraction conditions between predicted and experimental values suggested that UAE is the more productive process than conventional techniques for the extraction of carotenoids from the carrot pomace.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Spent Coffee Grounds Oil Using Response Surface Methodology

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9112085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 2085

Author(s):

Malek Miladi ◽

António A. Martins ◽

Teresa M. Mata ◽

Miguel Vegara ◽

María Pérez-Infantes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health And Safety ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Spent Coffee Grounds ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Coffee Grounds ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) generated in coffee processing for beverages and other products are a very significant organic residue that needs to be properly treated. Waste valorization via oil extraction has the potential to obtain compounds that can be used for producing biodiesel or other high-value products, such as polymers. This work focuses on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of SCG oil using n-hexane as a solvent. Three key process parameters are analyzed: temperature, extraction time, and liquid/solid (L/S) rate of solvent, using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), an analysis that, to the author’s knowledge, is not yet available in the literature. The data were analyzed using the software StatSoft STATISTICA 13.1 (TIBCO Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA). Results show that all parameters have a statistical influence on the process performance (p < 0.05), being the L/S ratio the most significant, followed by extraction time and temperature. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the empirical model is a good fit to the experimental data at a 95% confidence level. For the range of conditions considered in this work, the optimal operating conditions for obtaining an oil extraction yield in the range of 12 to 13%wt are a solvent L/S ratio of around 16 mL g−1, for a temperature in the range of 50 to 60 °C, and the longest contact time, limited by the process economics and health and safety issues and also, by the n-hexane boiling temperature.

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Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-Based Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Sennoside A, Sennoside B, Aloe-Emodin, Emodin, and Chrysophanol from Senna alexandrina (Aerial Parts): HPLC-UV and Antioxidant Analysis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules27010298 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 298

Author(s):

Perwez Alam ◽

Omar M. Noman ◽

Rashed N. Herqash ◽

Omer M. Almarfadi ◽

Ali Akhtar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Aloe Emodin ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were optimized to maximize the yields of sennoside A, sennoside B, aloe-emodin, emodin, and chrysophanol from S. alexandrina (aerial parts). The three UAE factors, extraction temperature (S1), extraction time (S2), and liquid to solid ratio (S3), were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A Box–Behnken design was used for experimental design and phytoconstituent analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-UV. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be a 64.2 °C extraction temperature, 52.1 min extraction time, and 25.2 mL/g liquid to solid ratio. The experimental values of sennoside A, sennoside B, aloe-emodin, emodin, and chrysophanol (2.237, 12.792, 2.457, 0.261, and 1.529%, respectively) agreed with those predicted (2.152, 12.031, 2.331, 0.214, and 1.411%, respectively) by RSM models, thus demonstrating the appropriateness of the model used and the accomplishment of RSM in optimizing the extraction conditions. Excellent antioxidant properties were exhibited by S. alexandrina methanol extract obtained using the optimized extraction conditions with a DPPH assay (IC50 = 59.7 ± 1.93, µg/mL) and ABTS method (47.2 ± 1.40, µg/mL) compared to standard ascorbic acid.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Morphine from Capsules ofPapaver somniferumby Response Surface Methodology

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2015/796349 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ibrahim Bulduk ◽

Bahdışen Gezer ◽

Mustafa Cengiz

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Satisfactory Description ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

In this study, amount of morphine from poppy capsules(Papaver somniferum)was investigated using ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE). Response surface methodology was used to estimate effective experimental conditions on the content extraction of poppy capsules. For this purpose, solvent/solid ratio (10–20 mL/500 mg sample), pH (1–13), time (30–60 min), and temperature (30–50°C) were chosen as experimental variables. The affected response is extraction recovery values for morphine from poppy straw. For interpreting the relationship between experimental factors and response, a design table was established with combinations of three different concentrations levels of this compound in 29 trials. The second order quadratic model gave a satisfactory description of the experimental data. In our study,R-Squared (0.96), Adj-R-Squared (0.92), and PredR-Squared (0.78) values for extraction yield display good accuracy of the derived model. The predicted optimal conditions for the highest morphine level (3.38 mg morphine/500 mg-sample) were found at 19.99 mL solvent/500 mg solid ratio, 59.94 min extraction time, 1.10 pH, and 42.36°C temperature. In the optimal extraction conditions, the experimental values are very close to the predicted values. Consequently, the response surface modeling can be achieved sufficiently to predict extraction yield from poppy straw by ultrasound assisted extraction.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics from Sideritis raeseri Using Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26133949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (13) ◽

pp. 3949

Author(s):

Katarina Šavikin ◽

Jelena Živković ◽

Teodora Janković ◽

Nada Ćujić-Nikolić ◽

Gordana Zdunić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

In this study we define the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive polyphenols from S. raeseri aerial parts using response surface methodology. The influence of ethanol concentration (10–90%), extraction temperature (20–80 °C), extraction time (10–60 min), and solid-to-solvent ratio (1:10–1:50) on total phenolic content as well as on content of individual flavonoids, and hypolaetin and isoscutellarein derivatives was studied. For the experimental design, a central composite design was chosen. In the obtained extracts, the following ranges of targeted compounds were detected: total phenol from 19.32 to 47.23 mg GAE/g dw, HYP from 1.05 to 11.46 mg/g dw, ISC 1 from 0.68 to 10.68 mg/g dw, and ISC 2 from 0.74 to 15.56 mg/g dw. The optimal extraction conditions were set as: ethanol concentration of 65%, extraction time of 50 min, extraction temperature of 63 °C, and solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:40. Contents of TP, HYP, ISC 1, and ISC 2 in optimal extracts were 47.11 mg GAE/g dw, 11.73 mg/g dw, 9.54 mg/g dw, and 15.40 mg/g dw, respectively. Experimentally set values were in good agreement with those predicted by the response surface methodology model, indicating suitability of the used model, as well as the success of response surface methodology in optimizing the conditions of the extraction.

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