Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-Based Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Sennoside A, Sennoside B, Aloe-Emodin, Emodin, and Chrysophanol from Senna alexandrina (Aerial Parts): HPLC-UV and Antioxidant Analysis

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were optimized to maximize the yields of sennoside A, sennoside B, aloe-emodin, emodin, and chrysophanol from S. alexandrina (aerial parts). The three UAE factors, extraction temperature (S1), extraction time (S2), and liquid to solid ratio (S3), were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A Box–Behnken design was used for experimental design and phytoconstituent analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-UV. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be a 64.2 °C extraction temperature, 52.1 min extraction time, and 25.2 mL/g liquid to solid ratio. The experimental values of sennoside A, sennoside B, aloe-emodin, emodin, and chrysophanol (2.237, 12.792, 2.457, 0.261, and 1.529%, respectively) agreed with those predicted (2.152, 12.031, 2.331, 0.214, and 1.411%, respectively) by RSM models, thus demonstrating the appropriateness of the model used and the accomplishment of RSM in optimizing the extraction conditions. Excellent antioxidant properties were exhibited by S. alexandrina methanol extract obtained using the optimized extraction conditions with a DPPH assay (IC50 = 59.7 ± 1.93, µg/mL) and ABTS method (47.2 ± 1.40, µg/mL) compared to standard ascorbic acid.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Acacia Seyal Gum Using Response Surface Methodology and Their Chemical Content Identification by Raman, FTIR, and GC-TOFMS

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10101612 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1612

Author(s):

Tahani Maher ◽

Nassereldeen A. Kabbashi ◽

Mohamed E. S. Mirghani ◽

Md Z. Alam ◽

Djabir Daddiouaissa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Acacia Seyal

Acacia Seyal gum (ASG), also known as gum Arabic, is an antioxidant-rich soluble fiber. ASG has been reported to have many biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antiulcer, and immunomodulatory activity. Extraction of bioactive compounds from ASG is commonly performed using conventional extraction methods. However, these techniques have certain limitation in terms of extraction time, energy, and solvent requirements. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) could be used as an alternative technique to extract bioactive compounds in less time, at low temperature, and with less energy and solvent requirements. In this study, the UAE extraction of ASG was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) was used to monitor the effect of different independent factors of ultrasound operation (sonication time, temperature, and solvent ratio) on ASG extraction yield. In addition, screening and characterization of phytochemicals in 60% ethanol ASG extract was carried out using Raman microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (GC-TOFMS) analysis. The results indicated that, under optimal conditions (extraction time 45 min, extraction temperature 40 °C, and solid–liquid ratio of 1:25 g/mL), the yield of ASG was 75.87% ± 0.10. This yield was reasonably close to the predicted yield of 75.39% suggested by the design of experiment. The ANOVA revealed that the model was highly significant due to the low probability value (p < 0.0001). Raman spectrum fingerprint detected polysaccharides, such as galactose and glucose, and protein like lysine and proline, while FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of functional groups peaks value of alkanes, aldehydes, aliphatic amines, and phenol. GC-TOFMS spectroscopic detected the presence of strong d-galactopyranose, carotenoid, and lycopene antioxidant compounds. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the UAE technique is an efficient method to achieve a high yield of ASG extracts. The selected model is adequate to optimize the extraction of several chemical compounds reported in this study.

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A ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION (UAE) OF PHYTOCHEMICALS WITH RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY(RSM) IN Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Science Proceedings Series ◽

10.31580/sps.v2i2.1431 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 139-146

Author(s):

Najiba Azemi ◽

Norazah Basar ◽

Susilawati Toemen

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Optimum Condition ◽

Response Surface ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Array Detector ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

The Curcuma genus belongs to the Zingiberaceae family is commonly known for its usage as spice and medicine.it is widely used in pharmaceutical, food supplement, cosmetic industries lead to economic benefits. Recently, noticing to an eco-friendly extraction approach which provides the extraction efficiency is considered that in the extraction process, exploring the optimum condition of extraction parameters. This study is performed to improve the bioactive compounds extraction from C. xanthorrhiza by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Three independent variables: extraction time (5-20 min), temperature (30-50 ° C) and liquid-solid ratio (6-10 mL / g) are applied using Box-Behnken (BBD) design. Quantification of curcumin and xanthorrhizol are carried out using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) equiped by a photodiode array detector. Extraction time 20 minutes, temperature of 50°C, and LS ratio 8 mL/g are found as the optimum condition of extraction yield and quantification of xanthorrhizol. Curcumin 's optimum state, however, is observed at extraction time 12.50 minutes, temperature 30 ° C, and liquid-solid ratio of 10 mL / g. This study suggests that there are favorable potential using method of ultrasound-assisted extraction under specific parameters in the extraction process which is advantageous for advanced research.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics from Sideritis raeseri Using Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26133949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (13) ◽

pp. 3949

Author(s):

Katarina Šavikin ◽

Jelena Živković ◽

Teodora Janković ◽

Nada Ćujić-Nikolić ◽

Gordana Zdunić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

In this study we define the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive polyphenols from S. raeseri aerial parts using response surface methodology. The influence of ethanol concentration (10–90%), extraction temperature (20–80 °C), extraction time (10–60 min), and solid-to-solvent ratio (1:10–1:50) on total phenolic content as well as on content of individual flavonoids, and hypolaetin and isoscutellarein derivatives was studied. For the experimental design, a central composite design was chosen. In the obtained extracts, the following ranges of targeted compounds were detected: total phenol from 19.32 to 47.23 mg GAE/g dw, HYP from 1.05 to 11.46 mg/g dw, ISC 1 from 0.68 to 10.68 mg/g dw, and ISC 2 from 0.74 to 15.56 mg/g dw. The optimal extraction conditions were set as: ethanol concentration of 65%, extraction time of 50 min, extraction temperature of 63 °C, and solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:40. Contents of TP, HYP, ISC 1, and ISC 2 in optimal extracts were 47.11 mg GAE/g dw, 11.73 mg/g dw, 9.54 mg/g dw, and 15.40 mg/g dw, respectively. Experimentally set values were in good agreement with those predicted by the response surface methodology model, indicating suitability of the used model, as well as the success of response surface methodology in optimizing the conditions of the extraction.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidant Polyphenols from the Seed Coats of Red Sword Bean (Canavalia gladiate (Jacq.) DC.)

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8070200 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 200 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yue Zhou ◽

Xiao-Yu Xu ◽

Ren-You Gan ◽

Jie Zheng ◽

Ya Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extraction Method ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Seed Coats

The seed coat of red sword bean (Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC.) is rich in antioxidant polyphenols. It is often discarded as a byproduct with the consumption of red sword bean, since it is very thick and not consumed by people. The aim of this study was to develop an ultrasound-assisted extraction method to extract natural antioxidants from the seed coats. The extraction process was optimized by using response surface methodology. After the single-factor experiments, three key factors, including ethanol concentration, liquid/solid ratio, and extraction time, were selected and their interactions were studied using a central composite design. The optimal extraction condition was 60.2% hydroethanol, a liquid/solid ratio of 29.3 mL/g, an extraction time of 18.4 min, an extraction temperature of 50 °C, and ultrasound power of 400 W. Under the optimal conditions, antioxidant activity of the extract was 755.98 ± 10.23 μmol Trolox/g dry weight (DW), much higher than that from maceration (558.77 ± 14.42 μmol Trolox/g DW) or Soxhlet extraction (479.81 ± 12.75 μmol Trolox/g DW). In addition, the main antioxidant compounds in the extract were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD–MS/MS). The concentrations of digalloyl hexoside, methyl gallate, gallic acid, trigalloyl hexoside, and digallic acid were 15.30 ± 0.98, 8.85 ± 0.51, 8.76 ± 0.36, 4.27 ± 0.21, and 2.89 ± 0.13 mg/g DW. This study provides an efficient and green extraction method for the extraction of natural antioxidants from the bean coat of red sword bean. The extract of antioxidants might be added into functional foods or nutraceuticals with potential beneficial functions.

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Process Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Pectin from Helianthus annuus L. Heads by Response Surface Methodology

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.848 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 848-854

Author(s):

Yin Xiang Gao ◽

Lei Yang ◽

Yuan Gang Zu ◽

Li Ping Yao

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Response Surfaces ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

High Yield ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

An ultrasound-assisted procedure for the extraction of pectin from heads ofHelianthus annuusL. (sunflower) was established. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the extraction temperature (X1: 30–50°C), extraction time (X2: 20–40 min) and pH (X3: 2.5–3.5) to obtain a high yield of pectin with high degree of esterification (DE) from sunflower heads. Analysis of variance showed that the contribution of a quadratic model was significant for the pectin extraction yield and DE. An optimization study using response surface methodology was performed and 3D response surfaces were plotted from the mathematical model. According to the RSM model, the highest pectin yield (23.11 ± 0.08%) and DE (39.85 ± 0.14%) can be achieved when the UAE process is carried out at 50°C for 40min using a hydrochloric acid solution of pH 3.0. These results suggest that ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of functional pectin from sunflower heads at industrial level.

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Modelling and Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols Using Response Surface Methodology

European Journal of Engineering Research and Science ◽

10.24018/ejers.2020.5.9.2115 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 1004-1012

Author(s):

Junior Franck Ekorong Akouan Anta ◽

Biloa Dorothée Marcelle ◽

Bruno Fabrice Siewe ◽

Raghavarao K. S. M. S.

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Stirring Rate ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Mango seed kernels are by-products of the consumption and transformation of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L.). Many ways of valorisation have been proposed, and among them, their phenolic compounds extraction. To increase the extraction yield, ultrasound-assisted extraction was modelled and optimized. The 4 factors Central Composite design associated with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were used to achieve that goal. The effect of extraction time, temperature, stirring rate and the Ultrasound Amplitude, on the total phenolic compound extraction yield and the total reducing power of the extract, were studied and modelled. The modelling allows us to do a multi-response optimization to identify the best-operating conditions to achieve at the same time the highest extraction yield and antioxidant capacity. The optimal operating conditions achieved were 41.82 min of extraction time, 54.75⁰C as extraction time, under 266.67 rpm as stirring rate, and 100% ultrasound amplitude. With an expected extraction yield of 71.35 mg GA/g, and 123.058 mg AA/g of total reducing power. 2 extraction cycles, under these conditions, are enough to extract a maximum of the phenolic content, under the described conditions.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction on Antioxidative Activity of Malus toringoides Using Response Surface Methodology

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7050270 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 270 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qiang Ye ◽

Li Guo ◽

Hongmei Liu ◽

Yushi Liu ◽

Cunyan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Protective Activity ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to maintain the cyto-protective activity of M.toringoides against oxidative stress. The optimal conditions for UAE were a 58 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, a 38 °C extraction temperature, an 85% solvent concentration, and a 19-min extraction time, which resulted in a protection rate of 54.57% against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These results were comparable to the predicted value of 53.75%. The extracts showed excellent antioxidant activity, and phlorizin was detected in the dried leaves of Malus.toringoides. The highest yield of phlorizin (101.239 mg/g) was also obtained using these conditions. Taken together, these results showed that the method successfully integrated RSM and partial least squares regression methods to optimize M.toringoides extraction to yield the highest cyto-protective activity and effectively increase the yield of phlorizin from M.toringoides.

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Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Moringa oleifera Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology

Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry ◽

10.52711/0974-4150.2021.00062 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 363-367

Author(s):

Abdelhakim Benarima ◽

Mohamed Nasreddine Raache ◽

Moulay Rachid Kouadri ◽

Yassine Belaiche ◽

Salah Eddine Laouini

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

Moringa oleifera is considered one of the most useful plants in the world because it's rich in bioactive substances, which employing on modern medical treatment, also can be used for many fields: pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics purposes. In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the extraction time (X1: 20–60 min), extraction temperature (X2: 15–45 °C) and solvent-solid ratio (X3: 5–7 ml/g), to obtain a high crude of flavonoids yield from Moringa oleifera Leaves by ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique (UAE). The optimum conditions were an extraction time 23 (min), extraction temperature 44 (°C) and solvent-solid ratio 5.05 (ml/g). Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 72.65 (mg ER/g), well matched with the predicted yield 74.34 (mg ER/g) with the coefficients of determination (R2= 0.9861), thus indicating the suitability of response surface methodology in optimizing the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Moringa oleifera Leaves.

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Response Surface Optimization of a Rapid Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method for Simultaneous Determination of Tetracycline Antibiotics in Manure

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2015/290903 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lanqing Li ◽

Mingxing Sun ◽

Hui Zhou ◽

Yun Zhou ◽

Ping Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

A rapid and cleanup-free ultrasound-assisted extraction method is proposed for the simultaneous extraction of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline in manure. The analytes were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector. The influence of several variables on the efficiency of the extraction procedure was investigated by single-factor experiments. The temperature, pH, and amount of extraction solution were selected for optimization experiment using response surface methodology. The calibration curves showed good linearity (R2>0.99) for all analytes in the range of 0.1–20 μg/mL. The four antibiotics were successfully extracted from manure with recoveries ranging from 81.89 to 92.42% and good reproducibility (RSD, <4.06%) under optimal conditions, which include 50 mL of McIlvaine buffer extraction solution (pH 7.15) mixed with 1 g of manure sample, extraction temperature of 40°C, extraction time of 10 min, and three extraction cycles. Method quantification limits of 1.75–2.32 mg/kg were obtained for the studied compounds. The proposed procedure demonstrated clear reductions in extraction time and elimination of cleanup steps. Finally, the applicability to tetracyclines antibiotics determination in real samples was evaluated through the successful determination of four target analytes in swine, cow manure, and mixture of animal manure with inorganic fertilizer.

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Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction for Pinocembrin from Flos populi Using Response Surface Methodology

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijfe-2016-0428 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Zunlai Sheng ◽

Biying Wang ◽

Jiahong Zhao ◽

Wenhui Yu

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Surface Model ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Acoustic Intensity ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted

Abstract In this study, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was used for extraction of pinocembrin from Flos populi. Based on the results of the single-factor experiment, four independent parameters, including ethanol concentration (40–80 %), extraction temperature (50–70 °C), extraction time (25–45 min) and electrical acoustic intensity (40.8–81.5 W/m2) were further investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design. The experimental data were fitted to the quadratic response surface model using multiple regression analysis with high adjusted determination coefficient value (R 2) of 0.9697. The highest yield (134.2 ± 1.53 mg/g) of pinocembrin was obtained under the optimal conditions (ethanol concentration of 68 %, extraction temperature of 69 °C, extraction time of 42 min and electrical acoustic intensity of 66.81 W/cm2), which agreed to the predicted value of 132.9 mg/g. Moreover, the comparison between the UAE and reflux extraction also showed the suitability of UAE for pinocembrin from Flos populi.

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