scholarly journals Composition―Nanostructure Steered Performance Predictions in Steel Wires

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun V. Tian ◽  
Francesca Passaretti ◽  
Adelaide Nespoli ◽  
Ernesto Placidi ◽  
Roberta Condò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Bulk Composition ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Martensite Phase ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Martensite Content ◽  
Austenite Stability ◽  
Strain Induced Martensite ◽  
Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel

Neutron scattering in combination with scanning electron and atomic force microscopy were employed to quantitatively resolve elemental composition, nano- through meso- to metallurgical structures and surface characteristics of two commercial stainless steel orthodontic archwires—G&H and Azdent. The obtained bulk composition confirmed that both samples are made of metastable austenitic stainless steel type AISI 304. The neutron technique’s higher detection sensitivity to alloying elements facilitated the quantitative determination of the composition factor (CF), and the pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) for predicting austenite stability and pitting-corrosion resistance, respectively. Simultaneous neutron diffraction analyses revealed that both samples contained additional martensite phase due to strain-induced martensite transformation. The unexpectedly high martensite content (46.20 vol%) in G&H was caused by combination of lower austenite stability (CF = 17.37, p = .03), excessive cold working and inadequate thermal treatment during material processing. Together, those results assist in revealing alloying recipes and processing history, and relating these with corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The present methodology has allowed access to unprecedented length-scale (μm to sub-nm) resolution, accessing nano- through meso-scopic properties. It is envisaged that such an approach can be extended to the study and design of other metallic (bio)materials used in medical sciences, dentistry and beyond.

Effect of Geometry and Distribution of Inclusions on the VHCF Properties of a Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 891-892 ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Grigorescu ◽  
Philipp Malte Hilgendorff ◽  
Martina Zimmermann ◽  
Claus Peter Fritzen ◽  
Hans Jürgen Christ
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Martensite Phase ◽  
Internal Crack ◽  
Martensite Content ◽  
Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Number Of Cycles

The effect of inclusions on the VHCF properties of a metastable austenitic stainless steel in undeformed and predeformed condition was studied. The material contains an inhomogeneous distribution of elongated oxide inclusions. TEM investigations of foils extracted by means of FIB technique show that the stress concentration at the inclusions is compensated by plastic deformation in the austenite phase preventing internal crack initiation in the VHCF regime for the non-predeformed, i.e., almost martensite-free condition. The effect of the spatial distribution and geometry of the inclusions on the VHCF strength was systematically investigated for the predeformed condition. Samples were monotonically predeformed at -80°C resulting in a martensite content of about 60% and then fatigued in high frequency testing machines. Since mechanical components are in practice subjected to complex cyclic loading situations, samples were tested both parallel and transversal to the rolling direction, in order to cover a broad field of applications. The higher notch sensitivity of the martensite phase leads to internal crack initiation from inclusions supported by the formation of a fine granular area (FGA). The change in testing direction perpendicular to the rolling direction reduces the number of cycles to failure due to the increased stress intensity factor at inclusions which leads to internal crack initiation without the formation of a fine granular area. These findings are discussed on the basis of a detailed microstructural characterization of the material focusing on the effect of martensite content, the inclusion morphology with respect to the rolling direction and the load axis applied

Surface characteristics, corrosion resistance and MG63 osteoblast-like cells attachment behaviour of nano SiO2–ZrO2 coated 316L stainless steel

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (33) ◽  
pp. 26007-26016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthanari Srinivasan ◽  
Nallaiyan Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Nano Sio2 ◽  
Good For ◽  
Attachment Behaviour

Nano ceramic coatings were produced on to 316L SS. MG-63 osteoblast like cells attachments were good for silica containing coatings.

Quantitative Evaluation of Strain Induced Martensite in STS 316L Stainless Steel

2006 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 677-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Kim ◽  
Il Ho Kim ◽  
Ik Keun Park ◽  
C.Y. Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
Martensite Phase ◽  
Microstructural Development ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strain Induced Martensite ◽  
Ae Counts

In the present work, the strain induced martensite in 316L stainless steel was quantitatively characterized by X-ray diffraction, the measurement of the magnetic coercivity and the AE technique during the monotonic tensile deformation of plate specimens. Plate specimens subjected to different heat treatments (i.e. having different initial microstructures) were tensile-deformed and the AE counts obtained during tensile deformation were correlated with the microstructural development. The AE count was observed to increase with increasing amount of strain induced martensite phase, as determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The potential of the AE technique and the measurement of the magnetic coercivity to be used for the evaluation of the tensile deformation was discussed in relation to the existence of strain-induced martensite.

Comparison of Properties between General Purpose Stainless Steel Wire and Commercial Orthodontic Stainless Steel Wire

2011 ◽  
Vol 378-379 ◽  
pp. 706-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Pornkiat Churnjitapirom ◽  
Ekkapot Sukhanun ◽  
Tunwa Intrarasuksanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Stainless Steel Wire ◽  
Steel Wires

In Thailand, commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires are imported from overseas and expensive. However, lower cost general purpose stainless steel wires, the same type and number as commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires may be used for orthodontic purposes. Objective: This study aimed to determine the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of general purpose stainless steel wire compared with commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires. Materials and Method: Two commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires (Ormco and Highland) and general purpose stainless steel wire (SUS 304H) were evaluated. The physical and mechanical properties were studied according to ISO 15841:2006 and corrosion resistance was studied according to ISO 10271:2001. Surface characteristics and composition were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe micro analyzer, respectively. Results: The experiment indicated that SUS 304H had the diameter and mechanical properties in the range of orthodontic stainless steel wires. The surface characteristics SUS 304H were similar from observation by SEM magnifications but SUS 304H had lower corrosion resistance due to lower nickel content. The composition confirmed that the three samples wires were genuine type 304. Conclusion: SUS 304H properties are comparable to commercial orthodontic wire properties.

Influence of Warm Deformation on Strain-Induced Martensite Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 913 ◽  
pp. 254-263
Author(s):  
Da Zhang ◽  
Hui Bin Wu ◽  
Gang Niu ◽  
Di Tang ◽  
Na Gong
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Martensitic Transition ◽  
Austenite Grain Size ◽  
Martensite Content ◽  
Austenite Grain ◽  
Deformation Amount ◽  
Strain Induced Martensite ◽  
Cold Rolled

In order to control the ratio of nano/ultrafine structure grains of warm/cold rolled 316L stainless steel after annealing, the influence of deformation amount and temperature on martensite content and microstructure was investigated, and a model of the content of stain-induced martensite and deformation amount and temperature was established. Results showed that the content of stain-induced martensite was nonlinear with deformation amount, but with an incubation period. And it’s generally exponential. Martensitic transition occurred in large deformation stage. 58.23% strain-induced martensite was formed when deformation amount was 80% at 200°C. The content of martensite is the most significant factor that affects austenite grain size after annealing. With more strain-induced martensite, the average austenite grain size decreased, and the uniformity of grain size was improved, which was generally monotonous.

scholarly journals Effect of N+ Implantation on Surface Characteristics of 316L Stainless Steels for Bipolar Plate in PEMFC

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Yu-Sung Kim ◽  
Dae-Wook Kim ◽  
In-Sik Lee ◽  
Sungook Yoon ◽  
Daeil Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Contact Resistance ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Applied Bias ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Interfacial Contact Resistance

Nitrogen was implanted into 316L stainless steel by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) for surface modification. Due to nitrogen implantation, the corrosion resistance and interfacial contact resistance (ICR) were improved compared to the bare 316L stainless steel. The improved corrosion resistance was attributed to the formation of the expanded austenite phase (γN). The phase formation was found to be closely related to the evolution of the (111) plane texture. The formation of γN is strongly related to applied bias voltages. When bias voltages were increased to 15 kV, the γN phase was partially decomposed due to the formation of excessive nitride, including the CrN phase. For the ICR, increased crystallite size is effective in reducing contact resistance, which might arise from a reduced number of the grain boundary with electron scattering. In particular, the applied bias voltage of 10 kV was the most effective to both corrosion resistance and ICR, and its performance satisfies the demand for a bipolar plate in the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC).

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