scholarly journals Valid Statements by the Crowd: Statistical Measures for Precision in Crowdsourced Mobile Measurements

Network ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-232
Author(s):  
Florian Wamser ◽  
Anika Seufert ◽  
Andrew Hall ◽  
Stefan Wunderer ◽  
Tobias Hoßfeld
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
End Users ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Network Measurements ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mobile Measurements

Crowdsourced network measurements (CNMs) are becoming increasingly popular as they assess the performance of a mobile network from the end user’s perspective on a large scale. Here, network measurements are performed directly on the end-users’ devices, thus taking advantage of the real-world conditions end-users encounter. However, this type of uncontrolled measurement raises questions about its validity and reliability. The problem lies in the nature of this type of data collection. In CNMs, mobile network subscribers are involved to a large extent in the measurement process, and collect data themselves for the operator. The collection of data on user devices in arbitrary locations and at uncontrolled times requires means to ensure validity and reliability. To address this issue, our paper defines concepts and guidelines for analyzing the precision of CNMs; specifically, the number of measurements required to make valid statements. In addition to the formal definition of the aspect, we illustrate the problem and use an extensive sample data set to show possible assessment approaches. This data set consists of more than 20.4 million crowdsourced mobile measurements from across France, measured by a commercial data provider.

scholarly journals Segmenting the Universe into dynamically coherent basins

2020 ◽  
Vol 493 (3) ◽  
pp. 3513-3520
Author(s):  
Alexandra Dupuy ◽  
Hélène M Courtois ◽  
Noam I Libeskind ◽  
Daniel Guinet
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Basins Of Attraction ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Unique Definition ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Previous Letter ◽  
The Universe

ABSTRACT This paper explores in depth a watershed concept to partition the Universe, introduced in a previous Letter and applied to the Cosmicflows-3 observational data set. We present a series of tests conducted with cosmological dark matter simulations. In particular, we are interested in quantifying the evolution with redshift of large-scale structures when defined as segmented basins of attraction. This new dynamical definition in the field of measuring standard rulers demonstrates robustness since all basins show a density contrast δ above 1 (mean Universe density) independently of the simulation spatial resolution or the redshift. Another major finding is that density profiles of the basins show universality in slope. Consequently, there is a unique definition of what is a gravitational watershed at a large scale, which can be further used as a probe for cosmology studies.

The role of servitization in the capabilities – performance path

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Manresa ◽  
Jasna Prester ◽  
Andrea Bikfalvi
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose Firms innovate and sophisticate their offerings to remain competitive. This sophistication often finds opportunities in servitization. Given that many customers expect the service offering from manufacturing companies, it is crucial to research what capabilities drive service offerings and their impact on performance. The purpose of this paper is to test the capabilities–service–performance chain. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual model is proposed and the research hypothesis is tested using structural equation modelling (SEM) performed on a data set corresponding to 205 Spanish and Croatian manufacturing firms. Findings Using SEM, this research analyses the causal model between manufacturing, organizational and digital capabilities on base, intermediate and advanced services, and their impact on both service and financial performance. Research limitations/implications This study has some limitations: the advanced service construct was mostly developed on case-based research. Some constructs have low convergent validity and reliability. The relative smallness of the data set used and its two-country provenance could raise issues about the international nature and generalizability of the findings. Practical implications Digital capabilities are important for the provision of all three groups of services in terms of using digital devices in data acquisition, helping to make the manufacturing company more agile. Originality/value The present study also contributes to the conceptual framework of servitization by providing a new and more up-to-date definition of capabilities and services, also considering digital capabilities, which are less explored. It also contributes to being the first to explore the entire manufacturing sector [nomenclature statistique des activités and économiques dans la Communauté éuropéenne (NACE) 10–31].

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF 5G/IMT-2020 NETWORKS IN RUSSIA, CHINA, USA AND EUROPE

T-Comm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Behrooz Daneshmand ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of

This article raises the question of the prospects for the development of 5G networks in Russia, China, the United States and Europe. Currently, there are four distinct generations of cellular communication in the world and in Russia. The development of each subsequent generation of communication as technical and economic capabilities improved and the spread of dominant standards occurred approximately every 10 years. The research community and industry in general agree that in the future it is impossible to meet future mobile traffic demand and application requirements simply by evolving the current fourth generation architecture. Instead, there is a need for a significant overhaul of the mobile network system: such an effort is commonly referred to as the future fifth generation (5G) architecture, and large-scale initiatives have been launched around the world to address this issue. The research community has already invested a very significant effort in identifying new individual technologies. The fact that all new offerings are labeled 5G has created a lot of confusion about what 5G really is. The purpose of this article is to shed light on the current state of the definition of 5G architecture and trends in the required technologies in Russia, the United States, China and Europe. Key contributions are: (1) analyze the 5G requirements defined by various global initiatives, highlighting the similarities and differences in 5G network development in Russia, China, the United States and Europe; (2) discuss current technology trends showing that there is broad consensus on the key factors driving 5G development in these countries; (3) strive to understand the new concepts that need to be developed with assistive technology to meet the desired requirements.

An empirical analysis of usage dynamics in a mobile music app: evidence from large-scale data

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunghun Chung
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Mobile Music ◽  
Scale Data

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to quantify how mobile app usage relates to the unique characteristics of behavioral orientations and content types, focussing on the interrelationship among content usage in the context of in-app purchase. Design/methodology/approach – Using a large-scale data set of individual content usage in a particular music mobile app, the author builds a simultaneous equation panel data model to examine dynamic interdependent usage of mobile app. Findings – The paper finds a positive temporal effect of self-oriented content usage (download) on other-oriented content usage (gift), based on behavioral orientation, and also a temporal interdependence between external (ringtone) and internal usage (mp3) based on types of content. The paper also finds that the fourth generation communications standard increases content usage in this mobile app. Practical implications – These findings provide useful insights for mobile app developers, mobile network operators, content providers, and mobile device manufacturers. Originality/value – This paper is one of the first to consider and empirically test the interrelationship between various kinds of content usage in music apps.

scholarly journals Associating State of Water and Sanitation with Childhood diarrhoea: Anomalies and Contradictions

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bevin Vijayan ◽  
Udaya Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Childhood Diarrhoea ◽  
Empirical Verification ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spurious Results

AbstractInformation on safe water, sanitation and hand washing obtained in large scale surveys are used to validate its responsiveness to childhood ailments. Definition of these variables are uniform to enable comparison within and across countries and devoid of the context and circumstance. Associating these variables with prevalence of diarrhoea overlooking the context seem to distort the relationship and lead to spurious results. An empirical verification of such an association in an Indian context based on the most recently conducted NFHS-4 data set brings to the fore apparent contradictions that cautions on the use of these variables as they are obtained. It calls for a redefinition of these variables prior to verifying their responsiveness to childhood diarrhoea as illustrated here.

Do Smart Cities Invest in Smarter Policies? Learning From the Past, Planning for the Future

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Caragliu ◽  
Chiara F. Del Bo
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Real Effects ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Research on Smart Cities has come of age. Intense discussion on this topic has been ongoing for years, and the academic prominence of this concept has also engendered several policy initiatives inspired by this label at different administrative levels. However, to date, no large-scale evaluation of the relationship between urban smartness and smart urban policies has been attempted. This article aims at filling this gap. By building on a solid definition of Smart Cities, the article tests the empirical relationship between urban smartness and the intensity of Smart City policies. A novel data set on four different types of policies and smart urban characteristics is assembled for 314 European Union cities. Empirical results suggest that Smart City policies are more likely to be designed and implemented in cities that are already endowed with smart characteristics. Our findings also point to a higher probability that Smart City policies are implemented in denser and wealthier urban areas. These empirical results call for further research on the real effects of actual implemented Smart City policies, with the aim to verify the potential of this policy concept as an overall urban development model encompassing the main drivers of endogenous urban growth.

Grand Canyon riverbed sediment changes, experimental release of September 2000 - a sample data set

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence L. Wong ◽  
Roberto J. Anima ◽  
Peter Galanis ◽  
Jennifer Codianne ◽  
Yu Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grand Canyon ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Riverbed Sediment ◽  
Experimental Release

CONCEPT OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF A KEY PUBLIC SPACE (USING THE EXAMPLE OF «ALLEY OF ARCHITECTS», VORONEZH)

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
С. Л. Подвальный ◽  
О. А. Сотникова ◽  
Я. А. Золотухина
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Territory Design ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Intensive Growth

Постановка задачи. В настоящее время формирование современной комфортной городской среды приобретает особое социально-экономическое значение и выдвигается в число приоритетных государственных масштабных программ. В связи с этим необходимо разработать концепцию благоустройства ключевого общественного пространства, а именно: определить основные и сопутствующие функции данной территории, создать эскизное предложение проекта благоустройства с учетом всех необходимых норм и стандартов, внедрить современные технологии. Результаты. Выполнен эскизный дизайн-проект «Аллеи архитекторов» по ул. Орджоникидзе г. Воронеж, включающий в себя основные элементы по зонированию территории, проектированию акцентных объектов и внедрению инновационных технологий «умного города», позволяющих повысить уровень комфорта горожан. Выводы. Благоустройство населенных мест приобретает особое значение в условиях дискомфорта среды. С выполнением комплекса мероприятий, направленных на благоустройство, и с внедрением современных технологий значительно улучшается экологическое состояние, внешний облик города. Оздоровление и модернизация среды, которая окружает человека в городе, благотворно влияет на психофизическое состояние, что особенно важно в период интенсивного роста городов. Statement of the problem. Currently the formation of the modern comfortable urban environment is gaining a special social and economic value and moving forward in the priorities of state large-scale programs. The purpose of development of the concept of improvement of public space is definition of the main and accompanying functions of this territory, design of the outline offer of the project of improvement considering all necessary norms and standards and implementation of modern technologies. Results. The conceptual project of “Alley of Architects” includes the basic elements of territory zoning, design of accent objects and implementation of technologies of a “smart-city”. These elements allow one to increase the level of comfort of inhabitants. Conclusions. Improvement of the inhabited places is of particular importance in the conditions of discomfort of the environment. Carrying out a complex of the actions directed to gardening and improvement, introducing modern technologies, the ecological condition, the physical appearance of the city considerably improves. Improvement and modernization of the environment which surrounds the person in the city influences a psychophysical state well that especially important during intensive growth of the cities.

ProGen:Provenance database generator for large-scale data set

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 2737-2740
Author(s):  
Xiao ZHANG ◽  
Shan WANG ◽  
Na LIAN
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Scale Data

Bottlenecks in the Implementation of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants on a Large Scale in The Netherlands

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Frits A. Fastenau ◽  
Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
Gerard Martijnse
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Definition Of

More than 95 % of the total housing stock in the Netherlands is connected to central sewerage systems and in most cases the wastewater is treated biologically. As connection to central sewerage systems has reached its economic limits, interest in on-site treatment of the domestic wastewater of the remaining premises is increasing. A large scale research programme into on-site wastewater treatment up to population equivalents of 200 persons has therefore been initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. Intensive field-research work did establish that the technological features of most on-site biological treatment systems were satisfactory. A large scale implementation of these systems is however obstructed in different extents by problems of an organisational, financial and/or juridical nature and management difficulties. At present research is carried out to identify these bottlenecks and to analyse possible solutions. Some preliminary results are given which involve the following ‘bottlenecks':-legislation: absence of co-ordination and absence of a definition of ‘surface water';-absence of subsidies;-ownership: divisions in task-setting of Municipalities and Waterboards; divisions involved with cost-sharing;-inspection; operational control and maintenance; organisation of management;-discharge permits;-pollution levy;-sludge disposal. Final decisions and practical elaboration of policies towards on-site treatment will have to be formulated in a broad discussion with all the authorities and interest groups involved.

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