scholarly journals The Divergent Effect of Maternal Protein Restriction during Pregnancy and Postweaning High-Fat Diet Feeding on Blood Pressure and Adiposity in Adult Mouse Offspring

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyan Sellayah ◽  
Felino Cagampang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Maternal Protein Restriction ◽  
Normal Protein Diet ◽  
Offspring Adiposity

Obesity is a growing health crisis of pandemic proportions. Numerous animal and human studies have confirmed that obesity and related metabolic abnormalities, such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, may be programmed during development by adverse maternal nutrition. We previously documented that offspring of female mice who were protein-restricted during pregnancy alone had no alterations to their body weights, but did display a considerable reduction in food intake, a finding which was linked to reduced expression levels of appetite regulatory genes in the hypothalamus. Whether such observations were accompanied by changes in metabolic and phenotypic parameters remained to be determined. Female pregnant MF-1 mice were fed, exclusively during the pregnancy period, a normal protein diet containing 18% casein (C) or an isocaloric protein-restricted diet containing 9% casein (PR). From birth, the lactating dams were fed a normal protein diet. At weaning, offspring were fed either the standard chow which contain 7% kcal fat (C) or high-fat diet (HF, 45% kcal fat). This yielded 4 experimental groups denoted by maternal diet/offspring diet: C/C, C/HF, PR/C, PR/HF. Our results showed that offspring adiposity was significantly increased in HF-fed offspring, and was not affected by the 50% reduction in protein content of the maternal diet fed during pregnancy. Similarly, blood glucose levels were higher in HF-fed offspring, regardless of protein content of the maternal diet. Systolic blood pressure, on the other hand, was significantly increased in both male and female offspring of dams fed the PR diet, and this was exacerbated by a postweaning HF diet. Our results show that maternal protein restriction leads to elevations in systolic blood pressure, which is exacerbated by a postweaning HF-diet. Our present findings suggest that, while changes in offspring adiposity brought about by exposure to maternal protein restriction during pregnancy may be restored by adequate maternal protein content during lactation, the same may not be true for systolic blood pressure, which was similarly impaired, regardless of the timing of maternal low-protein exposure.

scholarly journals Sex differences in cardio-metabolic and cognitive parameters in rats with high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (11) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
You Kyoung Shin ◽  
Yu Shan Hsieh ◽  
A Young Han ◽  
Soonho Kwon ◽  
Geun Hee Seol
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
High Fat

Excessive dietary fat intake is related to metabolic dysfunction and enhances susceptibility to hypertension and cognitive impairment. Although there are sex differences in the prevalence and progression of these diseases, few studies have investigated sex differences in cardio-metabolic and cognitive parameters in rats with high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. To better reflect actual clinical conditions, sex-differences in rats with high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction were evaluated. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet to induce metabolic dysfunction and intraperitoneally injected with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and scopolamine to model vulnerability to hypertension and cognitive impairment, respectively, whereas control rats were fed a regular diet and treated with distilled water and 0.9% saline. Male experimental rats showed significantly higher systolic blood pressure than female experimental animals. More importantly, acetylcholine-induced relaxation of carotid arteries was decreased only in the male experimental rats, revealing a significant difference compared with female experimental rats. These findings provide evidence for individualized sex-based management of patients with metabolic dysfunction and susceptibilities to hypertension and cognitive impairment. Impact statement Excessive dietary fat intake plays important roles in the process of metabolic dysfunction and increases susceptibilities to chronic diseases such as hypertension. Few previous studies, however, have accurately reflected real-world medical conditions. In addition, studies performed to date have not examined detailed sex-differences in cardio-metabolic and cognitive parameters, precluding the development of sex-tailored interventions for patients with metabolic dysfunction who are susceptible to hypertension and cognitive impairment. In this study, using rats with HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction that made them susceptible to hypertension and cognitive impairment, we demonstrate that male rats show greater impairment of acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation of the carotid artery and systolic blood pressure compared to female rats. These findings may provide a basis for the early detection of carotid artery dysfunction and systolic blood pressure increase, especially in males.

Consumption of a high‐fat diet does not potentiate the deleterious effects on lipid and protein levels and body development in rats subjected to maternal protein restriction

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-421
Author(s):  
Sávio dos Santos Barbosa ◽  
Ana Paula da Fonseca Arcoverde Cabr Mello ◽  
Viviane de Oliveira Nogueira ◽  
Ially Fabiane da Silva ◽  
Palloma Emanuelle Dornelas de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Maternal Protein Restriction ◽  
Body Development

Cyclic glycine-proline normalizes systolic blood pressure in high-fat diet-induced obese male rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengxia Li ◽  
Karen Liu ◽  
Clint Gray ◽  
Paul Harris ◽  
Clare M. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese Male

Exercise alters cardiovascular and renal pregnancy adaptations in female rats born small on a high-fat diet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayana Mahizir ◽  
Jessica F. Briffa ◽  
Kristina Anevska ◽  
Glenn D. Wadley ◽  
Karen M. Mortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

Intrauterine growth restriction programs adult cardiorenal disease, which may be exacerbated by pregnancy and obesity. Importantly, exercise has positive cardiovascular effects. This study determined if high-fat-feeding exacerbates the known adverse cardiorenal adaptations to pregnancy in rats born small and whether endurance exercise can prevent these complications. Uteroplacental insufficiency was induced by bilateral uterine vessel ligation (Restricted) or sham (Control) surgery on embryonic day 18 (E18) in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Female offspring consumed a Chow or High-fat-diet (HFD) from weaning and were randomly allocated an exercise protocol at 16 weeks; Sedentary, Exercised before and during pregnancy (Exercise), or Exercised during pregnancy only (PregEx). Systolic blood pressure was measured pre-pregnancy and rats were mated at 20 weeks. During pregnancy, systolic blood pressure (E18) and renal function (E19) were assessed. Sedentary HFD Control females had increased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared to Chow. Compared to Control, Sedentary Restricted females had increased eGFR, which was not influenced by HFD. Renal function was not affected by exercise and pre-pregnancy blood pressure was not altered. Restricted Chow-fed dams and dams fed a high-fat-diet had a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure during late gestation, which was only prevented by Exercise. In summary, high-fat fed females born small are at a greater risk of altered cardiorenal adaptations to pregnancy. Although cardiovascular dysfunction was prevented by Exercise, renal dysfunction was not affected by exercise interventions. This study highlights that modifiable risk factors can have beneficial effects in the mother during pregnancy, which may impact fetal growth and development.

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