scholarly journals Predicting Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load from Macronutrients to Accelerate Development of Foods and Beverages with Lower Glucose Responses

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Rytz ◽  
Dorothée Adeline ◽  
Kim-Anne Lê ◽  
Denise Tan ◽  
Lisa Lamothe ◽  
...  

Low glycemic index (GI) and/or low glycemic load (GL) are associated with decreased risks of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It is therefore relevant to consider GI and GL in the early phases of the development of packaged foods and beverages. This paper proposes a model that predicts GI and GL from macronutrient composition, by quantifying both the impact of glycemic carbohydrates and the GI-lowering effects of nutrients such as proteins, fats and fibers. The precision of the model is illustrated using data on 42 breakfast cereals. The predictions of GI (r = 0.90, median residual = 2.0) and GL (r = 0.96, median residual = 0.40 g) compete well with the precision of the underlying in-vivo data (Standard Error SE = 3.5 for GI). This model can guide product development towards lowering GI and GL, before final confirmation by in vivo testing.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallyla Jennifer Morais de Sousa ◽  
Larissa Layana Cardoso de Sousa ◽  
Joanne Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽  
Layla Rafaele Sampaio Learte ◽  
Gleyson Moura dos Santos

Introdução: Dietas com alto índice glicêmico (IG) induzem hiperglicemia o que induz ao estresse oxidativo e aumenta as citocinas pró-inflamatórias, incluindo IL-6 e TNF-α em indivíduos saudáveis e com tolerância a glicose diminuída. Objetivo: Realizar levantamento de dados na literatura sobre a influência do IG dos alimentos nas concentrações de marcadores inflamatórios. Material e método: Para a seleção dos estudos foi realizada uma busca de publicações indexadas nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo, Cochrane e Lilacs utilizando-se a combinação dos termos cadastrados no site DeCS (Descritores em Ciências da Saúde): Glycemic Index and Inflammation. Os artigos selecionados foram publicados no período compreendido entre 2008 e 2017, obtendo-se um total de 781 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 38, após a remoção de duplicatas a amostra se constituiu por 10 artigos que foram lidos na integra. Resultados: Dentre os estudos obtidos, observou-se que 6 retratam a relação de dietas com alto IG e o  processo inflamatório, 2 relacionam o baixo IG com diminuição da inflamação e 2 por sua vez verificam tanto a relação da dieta de baixo IG como alto IG com o processo inflamatório. Conclusão: Foi demonstrado que uma dieta com alto IG aumenta as concentrações de marcadores inflamatórios como PCR, NF-kB e IL-6 e a dieta de baixo IG tem papel benéfico na inflamação crônica de baixo grau.Descritores: Inflamação; Índice Glicêmico; Dieta de Alto Índice Glicêmico.ReferênciasMayer LF, Bona KS, Abdalla FH, Almeida FL, Pozzobon RCR, Charão MF et al. Perspectivas laboratoriais na avaliação da resposta inflamatória. Rev Bras Farm. 2010;91(4):149-61.Lima RPE, Caetano CL, Nader DA Avaliação dos níveis séricos de proteína C-reativa em indivíduos com periodontite: um estudo piloto. Braz J Periodontol. 2016;6(1):13-9.Teixeira BC, Lopes AL, Macedo RCO, Correa CS, Ramis TR, Ribeiro JL et al. Marcadores inflamatórios, função endotelial e riscos cardiovasculares. J vasc bras. 2014;13(2):108-15.Cunha LS. Análise dos efeitos de dietas baseadas no índice glicêmico em diabéticos tipo 2 [monografia]. Brasília: Faculdade de Ciências da Educação e Saúde; 2013.Kim Y, Chen J, Wirth MD, Shivappa N, Herbert JR. Lower dietary inflammatory index scores are associated with lower glycemic index scores among college students. Nutrients. 2018;10(2):182.Dickinson S, Hancock DP, Petocz P, Ceriello A, Brand-Miller J. High-glycemic index carbohydrate increases nuclear factor-kappaB activation in mononuclear cells of young, lean healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87(5):1188-93.Du H, Van Der ADL, Van Bakel MIM, Van Der Kallen CJ, Blaak EE, Van Greevenbroek MM et al. Glycemic index and glycemic load in relation to food and nutrient intake and metabolic risk factors in a Dutch population. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87(3):655-61.Levitan EB, Cook NR, Stampfer MJ, Ridker PM, Rexrode KM, Buring JE et al. Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load, blood lipids, and C reactive protein. Metabolism. 2008;57(3):437-43.Buyken AE, Flood V, Empson M, Rochtchina E, Barclay AW, Brand-Miller J et al. Carbohydrate nutrition and inflammatory disease mortality in older adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(3):634-43.Gogebakan O, Kohl A, Osterhoff MA, Van Baak MA, Jebb SA, Papadaki A et al. Effects of weight loss and long-term weight maintenance with diets varying in protein and glycemic index on cardiovascular risk factors. Circulation. 2011; 124(25):2829-38.Kelly KR, Haus JM, Solomon TP, Patrick-Melin AJ, Cook M, Rocco M et al. A low-glycemic index diet and exercise intervention reduces TNFa in isolated mononuclear cells of older, obese adults. J Nutr. 2011;141(6):1089-94.Bullo M, Casas R, Portillo MP, Basora J, Estruch R, Garcia-Arellano A et al. Dietary glycemic index/load and peripheral adipokines and inflammatory markers in elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;23(5):443-50.Goletzke J, Buyken AE, Joslowski G, Bolzenius K, Remer T, Carstensen M et al. Increased intake of carbohydrates from sources with a higher glycemic index and lower consumption of whole grains during puberty are prospectively associated with higher IL-6 concentrations in younger adulthood among healthy individuals. J Nutr. 2014;144(10):1586-93.Rouhani MH, Kelishadi R, Hashemipour M, Esmailzadeh A, Surkan PJ, Keshavarz A  et al. The impact of a low glycemic index diet on inflammatory markers and serum adiponectin concentration in adolescent overweight and obese girls: a randomized clinical trial. Horm Metab Res. 2016;48(4):251-56.Gomes JMG, Fabrini SP, Alfenas RCG. Low glycemic index diet reduces body fat and attenuates inflammatory and metabolic responses in patients with type 2 diabetes. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2017;61(2):137-44.Mohanty P, Hamouda W, Garg R, Aljada A, Ghanim H, Dandona P. Glucose challenge stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by leucocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(8):2970-73.Evans JL, Goldfine ID, Maddux BA, Grodsky GM. Oxidative stress and stress-activated signaling pathways: a unifying hypothesis of type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev. 2002;23(5):599-622.Ghanim H, Aljada A, Hofmeyer D, Syed T, Mohanty P, Dandona P. Circulating mononuclear cells in the obese are in a proinflammatory state. Circulation. 2004;110(12):1564-71.Hotamisligil GS. Inflammatory pathways and insulin action. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27(Suppl 3):S53-5.Perseghin G, Petersen K, Shulman GI. Cellular mechanism of insulin resistance: potential links with inflammation. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27(Suppl 3):S6-11.Bosma-den Boer MM, van Wetten ML, Pruimboom L. Chronic inflammatory diseases are stimulated by current lifestyle: how diet, stress levels and medication prevent our body from recovering. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2012;9(1):32.


Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 54-LB
Author(s):  
CRISTINA FACANHA ◽  
TATIANA U. PASSOS ◽  
LIVIANE C. MARANHÃO ◽  
FRANCIELLE C. COPPOLA ◽  
JULIANA D. MARTINS ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júnia Maria Geraldo Gomes ◽  
Sabrina Pinheiro Fabrini ◽  
Rita de Cássia Gonçalves Alfenas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Steciuk ◽  
Samia Mahmood Hafez Amir ◽  
Muzzammil Hosenally ◽  
Aroushini Goorapah

Abstract Background and Objectives: There is a need to re assess the value of low-GI food and its specific components. The effect of one of them, namely low-glycemic-index sugar, is unclear, as its impact is usually confounded when reported in the literature. This study attempts to breach this gap, shedding light on its effect in type 2 diabetic patients and evaluate if it could be considered as part of a dietary plan.Subjects and Methods: The blood sugar level of twenty (20) type 2 diabetics was monitored using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring system during two phases; firstly, an initial period of 5 days, whereby all the included patients were taking their usual dietary meals. Subjects were then randomized into two groups of equal size before embarking on a second phase; 10 subjects were instructed to eat prepared, portioned and delivered meals, the difference for the second group being that low-GI sugar was used for the preparation. Results: Compared to baseline (day 1), blood sugar dropped by 18% for the group with low-GI sugar and 13% for those who consumed sugar with a normal-GI. The variation in sugar levels was also more contained in the interventional group. A by-product of the study design shows that constant glucose monitoring could raise awareness, and may foster reduction in blood sugar levels. Portioned food was capable of reducing blood sugar levels, with elevated levels of compliance just after start. Conclusions: Even though the ultimate aim is to reduce sugar consumption by diabetic patients, the intake of a low-GI sugar seems to be less harmful than normal sugar. Compared to using normal sugar for the preparation of portioned foods, the use of a low-GI sugar is encouraged as part of a wider plan for the management of diabetic patients.


2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam S Farvid ◽  
F Homayouni ◽  
M Shokoohi ◽  
A Fallah ◽  
Monir S Farvid

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. S19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Mitchell ◽  
Cyril C.W. Kendall ◽  
Livia S.A. Augustin ◽  
Sandhya Sahye-Pudaruth ◽  
Sonia Blanco Meija ◽  
...  

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