scholarly journals Investigation of Nicotianamine and 2′ Deoxymugineic Acid as Enhancers of Iron Bioavailability in Caco-2 Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse T. Beasley ◽  
Jonathan J. Hart ◽  
Elad Tako ◽  
Raymond P. Glahn ◽  
Alexander A. T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Iron Bioavailability ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Uptake Inhibition ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Metal Chelator ◽  
Important Target ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Deoxymugineic Acid

Nicotianamine (NA) is a low-molecular weight metal chelator in plants with high affinity for ferrous iron (Fe2+) and other divalent metal cations. In graminaceous plant species, NA serves as the biosynthetic precursor to 2′ deoxymugineic acid (DMA), a root-secreted mugineic acid family phytosiderophore that chelates ferric iron (Fe3+) in the rhizosphere for subsequent uptake by the plant. Previous studies have flagged NA and/or DMA as enhancers of Fe bioavailability in cereal grain although the extent of this promotion has not been quantified. In this study, we utilized the Caco-2 cell system to compare NA and DMA to two known enhancers of Fe bioavailability—epicatechin (Epi) and ascorbic acid (AsA)—and found that both NA and DMA are stronger enhancers of Fe bioavailability than Epi, and NA is a stronger enhancer of Fe bioavailability than AsA. Furthermore, NA reversed Fe uptake inhibition by Myricetin (Myr) more than Epi, highlighting NA as an important target for biofortification strategies aimed at improving Fe bioavailability in staple plant foods.

STUDIES ON THE ISOLATION AND NATURE OF THE 'TERREGENS FACTOR'

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Burton ◽  
F. J. Sowden ◽  
A. G. Lochhead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Growth Promoting

A procedure is described for the production and concentration of the 'terregens factor' (TF), a bacterial growth promoting substance synthesized by Arthrobacter pascens and essential for the growth of Arthrobacter terregens. From culture filtrates of A. pascens cultivated in a medium of inorganic salts and sucrose, concentrates of TF may be obtained that are active at 0.001 μgm. Per ml., heat stable and contain about 12.7% nitrogen. Acid hydrolysis yielded a number of amino acids, including glutamic acid, glycine, α–alanine, valine, leucine, proline, lysine, and arginine, as well as some unidentified compounds; however, TF does not appear to be a low molecular weight straight chain peptide.Although TF contains no iron, it combines readily with ferrous or ferric iron to form reddish-brown complexes with this metal. Activity for A. terregens is shown by certain iron containing complexes as hemin, coprogen, and ferrichrome. On the other hand none is shown by cytochrome or pulcherrimin; however, aspergillic acid, structurally related to the latter, possesses some growth promoting activity for the test organism.

Comparison of ferrous and ferric iron bioavailability following rat cecal infusion

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Ebihara ◽  
Jun Okano ◽  
Tomihiro Miyata
Keyword(s):  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Iron Bioavailability

Potential alteration of tumor microenvironments by β-mercaptoethanol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E Click
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Uptake Inhibition ◽  
Tumor Microenvironments

The therapeutic effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients is quite profound. However, it is generally accepted that further progress is curtailed by accompanying adverse events and by low cure rates linked to the tumor microenvironment. The multitudes of immune processes altered by low-molecular-weight thiols published over the past decades suggest they have potential to alter tumor microenvironment processes which could result in an increase in immune checkpoint inhibitor survival rates. Based on one of the most studied and most potent low-molecular-weight thiols, β-mercaptoethanol (BME), it is proposed that clinical assessment be undertaken to identify any BME benefits with relevance for proliferation/differentiation of immune cells, lymphocyte exhaustion, immunogenicity of tumor antigens and inactivation of suppressor cells/factors. The BME alterations projected to be most effective are: maintenance/replacement of glutathione in lymphocytes via facilitation of cysteine uptake, inhibition of suppressor cells/soluble factors and inactivation of free-radical, reactive oxygen species.

Total synthesis of 2'-deoxymugineic acid, the metal chelator excreted from wheat root

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 2409-2410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasufumi Ohfune ◽  
Masako Tomita ◽  
Kyosuke Nomoto
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Metal Chelator ◽  
Deoxymugineic Acid

scholarly journals Variability for Glutenins, Gluten Quality, Iron, Zinc and Phytic Acid in a Set of One Hundred and Fifty-Eight Common Wheat Landraces from Iran

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Zahra Maryami ◽  
Ana Belén Huertas-García ◽  
Mohammad Reza Azimi ◽  
Nayelli Hernández-Espinosa ◽  
Thomas Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Important Variation ◽  
Gluten Quality ◽  
Important Target ◽  
End Use

Bread wheat can be used to make different products thanks to the presence of gluten, a protein network that confers unique visco-elastic properties to wheat doughs. Gluten is composed by gliadins and glutenins. The glutenins can be further divided into high and low-molecular-weight glutenins (HMWGs and LMWGs, respectively) and are encoded by Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci. The variability of these genes is associated with differences in quality. Because of this, the identification of novel glutenin alleles is still an important target. In this study, 57 haplotypes or glutenin combinations were registered among a set of 158 Iranian landraces and five novel HMWGs alleles were identified. The landraces were also characterized for several quality traits, including gluten quality, which allowed to associate the different glutenin alleles with low or high quality. Other quality traits examined were iron, zinc, and phytate contents, which are intimately related with the nutritional quality. Important variation for these components was found as well as for the phytate:iron/zinc molar ratios (related to the potential bioavailability of these important micronutrients). The landraces identified in the present study (some of them combining high gluten quality with low phytate:zinc values) could be a useful resource for breeders who aim to improve the wheat end-use quality and especially the content of zinc and its relative bioavailability.

scholarly journals Humic Acid Reduction by Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Other Fermenting Bacteria

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 4507-4512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Benz ◽  
Bernhard Schink ◽  
Andreas Brune
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Hydrogen Oxidation ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Propionibacterium Freudenreichii ◽  
Iron Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Fermenting Bacteria ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Iron-reducing bacteria have been reported to reduce humic acids and low-molecular-weight quinones with electrons from acetate or hydrogen oxidation. Due to the rapid chemical reaction of amorphous ferric iron with the reduced reaction products, humic acids and low-molecular-weight redox mediators may play an important role in biological iron reduction. Since many anaerobic bacteria that are not able to reduce amorphous ferric iron directly are known to transfer electrons to other external acceptors, such as ferricyanide, 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonate (AQDS), or molecular oxygen, we tested several physiologically different species of fermenting bacteria to determine their abilities to reduce humic acids.Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Lactococcus lactis, and Enterococcus cecorum all shifted their fermentation patterns towards more oxidized products when humic acids were present; P. freudenreichii even oxidized propionate to acetate under these conditions. When amorphous ferric iron was added to reoxidize the electron acceptor, humic acids were found to be equally effective when they were added in substoichiometric amounts. These findings indicate that in addition to iron-reducing bacteria, fermenting bacteria are also capable of channeling electrons from anaerobic oxidations via humic acids towards iron reduction. This information needs to be considered in future studies of electron flow in soils and sediments.

HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION BETWEEN AUTONOMOUSLY REPLICATING PLASMIDS IN MAMMALIAN CELLS

Genetics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-388
Author(s):  
David Ayares ◽  
James Spencer ◽  
Faina Schwartz ◽  
Brian Morse ◽  
Raju Kucherlapati
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Shuttle Vector ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cos Cells

ABSTRACT The ability of autonomously replicating plasmids to recombine in mammalian cells was investigated. Two deletion plasmids of the eukaryotic-prokaryotic shuttle vector pSV2neo were cotransfected into transformed monkey COS cells. Examination of the low molecular weight DNA isolated after 48 hr of incubation revealed that recombination between the plasmids had occurred. The DNA was also used to transform recA- E. coli. Yield of neo R colonies signified homologous recombination. Examination of the plasmid DNA from these colonies confirmed this view. Double-strand breaks in one or both of the input plasmids at the sites of deletion resulted in an enhancement of recombination frequency. The recombination process yielded monomeric and dimeric molecules. Examination of these molecules revealed that reciprocal recombination as well as gene conversion events were involved in the generation of plasmids bearing an intact neo gene. The COS cell system we describe is analogous to study of bacteriophage recombination and yeast random-spore analysis.

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