scholarly journals Antidiabetic Properties of Curcumin I: Evidence from In Vitro Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danja J. Den Hartogh ◽  
Alessandra Gabriel ◽  
Evangelia Tsiani
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Current preventative and treatment strategies for T2DM and insulin resistance lack in efficacy resulting in the need for new approaches to prevent and manage/treat the disease better. In recent years, epidemiological studies have suggested that diets rich in fruits and vegetables have beneficial health effects including protection against insulin resistance and T2DM. Curcumin, a polyphenol found in turmeric, and curcuminoids have been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory and antidiabetic properties. The current review (I of II) summarizes the existing in vitro studies examining the antidiabetic effects of curcumin, while a second (II of II) review summarizes evidence from existing in vivo animal studies and clinical trials focusing on curcumin’s antidiabetic properties.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Properties of Naringenin: A Citrus Fruit Polyphenol

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danja J. Den Hartogh ◽  
Evangelia Tsiani
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and is associated with personal health and global economic burdens. Current strategies/approaches of insulin resistance and T2DM prevention and treatment are lacking in efficacy resulting in the need for new preventative and targeted therapies. In recent years, epidemiological studies have suggested that diets rich in vegetables and fruits are associated with health benefits including protection against insulin resistance and T2DM. Naringenin, a citrus flavanone, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, immunomodulatory and antidiabetic properties. The current review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo animal studies examining the anti-diabetic effects of naringenin.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Properties of Curcumin II: Evidence from In Vivo Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danja J. Den Hartogh ◽  
Alessandra Gabriel ◽  
Evangelia Tsiani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Current preventative and treatment approaches to insulin resistance and T2DM lack in efficacy, resulting in the need for new approaches to prevent and treat the disease. In recent years, epidemiological studies have suggested that diets rich in fruits and vegetables have beneficial health effects, including protection against insulin resistance and T2DM. Curcumin, a polyphenol found in turmeric, and curcuminoids have been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory and antidiabetic properties. The current review (II of II) summarizes the existing in vivo studies examining the antidiabetic effects of curcumin.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Effects of Hydroxytyrosol: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Vlavcheski ◽  
Mariah Young ◽  
Evangelia Tsiani
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Insulin resistance, a pathological condition characterized by defects in insulin action leads to the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease which is currently on the rise that pose an enormous economic burden to healthcare systems worldwide. The current treatment and prevention strategies are considerably lacking in number and efficacy and therefore new targeted therapies and preventative strategies are urgently needed. Plant-derived chemicals such as metformin, derived from the French lilac, have been used to treat/manage insulin resistance and T2DM. Other plant-derived chemicals which are not yet discovered, may have superior properties to prevent and manage T2DM and thus research into this area is highly justifiable. Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic phytochemical found in olive leaves and olive oil reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidiabetic properties. The present review summarizes the current in vitro and in vivo studies examining the antidiabetic properties of hydroxytyrosol and investigating the mechanisms of its action.

Insulin resistance in obesity, type II diabetes and stress

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S67-S69
Author(s):  
Ulf Smith
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Type Ii

ABSTRACT. Insulin resistance plays a major role for the reduced glucose tolerance in obesity, type II diabetes and stress. Both in vivo and in vitro studies strongly support the major importance of post-receptor perturbations as the cause of the insulin resistance in these conditions. One likely level for the post-receptor alterations is the reported reduction in glucose transport. Key words: Insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, insulin receptors, glucose transport.

scholarly journals MON-LB60 Prolactin Response to Metformin in Cabergoline-Resistant Prolactinomas: A Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Henrique Corrêa Portari ◽  
Silvia Regina Correa-Silva ◽  
Julio Abucham
Keyword(s):  
Extended Release ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Metformin Treatment ◽  
Fasting Glycemia ◽  
Prolactin Response ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Introduction: Prolactinomas are the most frequent pituitary-secreting tumors. Medical therapy with cabergoline (CAB), a dopamine agonist (DA), is the first line treatment, but 10% of prolactinomas are resistant to CAB. Recently, in vitro studies have shown anti-tumoral activity of metformin and other biguanids in human prolactinomas1, which prompted us to investigate that possibility in vivo. Aim: To evaluate the effect of metformin (MET) on Prolactin (PRL) secretion in patients with CAB resistant prolactinomas. Design and Setting: Prospective interventional study in a single referral center. Subjects: Ten patients (7 M; mean age: 44 ± 12y) with CAB resistant (PRL: 148 ± 125ng/ml; range: 38 - 386) prolactinomas (all macroadenomas) and metabolic syndrome on maximally tolerated CAB doses (4.3 ± 1.2 mg/week; range: 2.0-7.0) for ≥ 6 months (45 ± 39mo; range: 6-120). Intervention: Oral extended release metformin (p.o.) was prescribed according to patient’s tolerance (mean dose: 1.3 ± 0.4 g; range: 1.0-2.0). Main Outcome Measurements: Serum PRL (Elecsys, Roche, Indianapolis, USA), body weight (BW), fasting glycemia (FG) and HbA1C were evaluated before and at two time points during metformin treatment (30-60 and 120-180 days). Results: BW, FG, and/or HbA1C reductions were observed in 9/10 patients and mean FG decreased significantly (P=0.04). No significant changes were observed in serum PRL levels during metformin treatment [134 ± 124 ng/ml vs 138 ± 132 ng/ml vs 144 ± 129 ng/ml, before, at 30-60 days and at 120-180 days, respectively (P=0.499, mixed-effects analysis with the Geisser-Greenhouse correction)]. Individually, two patients exhibited a ≥ 50% decrease in PRL levels at a single timepoint (one at 30-60 days, with a further increase at 120-180 days and the other at 120-180 days). Conclusion: Metformin, at usual doses, did not inhibit prolactin secretion in patients with cabergoline-resistant prolactinomas. The discrepancy between our results and in vitro studies is not clear, but may be related to the much higher concentrations of metformin used in vitro1 as compared to the serum concentrations observed in patients during metformin treatment2. References: 1Gao J et al. Metformin inhibits growth and prolactin secretion of pituitary prolactinoma cells and xenografts. J Cell Mol Med. 2018 22:6368-79; 2 Frid A et al. Novel assay of metformin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and varying levels of renal function: clinical recommendations. Diabetes Care 2010 33:1291-3.

scholarly journals Health Benefits of Resveratrol in Kidney Disease: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danja J. Den Hartogh ◽  
Evangelia Tsiani
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Cancer ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Anti Cancer

Different diseases and disorders that affect the kidneys include, but are not limited to, glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, kidney stones, renal fibrosis, sepsis, and renal cell carcinoma. Kidney disease tends to develop over many years, making it difficult to identify until much later when kidney function is severely impaired and undergoing kidney failure. Although conservative care, symptom management, medication, dialysis, transplantation, and aggressive renal cancer therapy are some of the current strategies/approaches to kidney disease treatment, new preventative targeted therapies are needed. Epidemiological studies have suggested that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables is associated with health benefits including protection against kidney disease and renal cancer. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes and berries, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer properties. The current review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies examining the nephroprotective effects of resveratrol.

scholarly journals Plectasin Shows Intracellular Activity against Staphylococcus aureus in Human THP-1 Monocytes and in a Mouse Peritonitis Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 4801-4808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline Sidelmann Brinch ◽  
Anne Sandberg ◽  
Pierre Baudoux ◽  
Françoise Van Bambeke ◽  
Paul M. Tulkens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Intracellular Activity ◽  
Peritonitis Model

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial therapy of infections with Staphylococcus aureus can pose a challenge due to slow response to therapy and recurrence of infection. These treatment difficulties can partly be explained by intracellular survival of staphylococci, which is why the intracellular activity of antistaphylococcal compounds has received increased attention within recent years. The intracellular activity of plectasin, an antimicrobial peptide, against S. aureus was determined both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies using THP-1 monocytes showed that some intracellular antibacterial activity of plectasin was maintained (maximal relative efficacy [E max], 1.0- to 1.3-log reduction in CFU) even though efficacy was inferior to that of extracellular killing (E max, >4.5-log CFU reduction). Animal studies included a novel use of the mouse peritonitis model, exploiting extra- and intracellular differentiation assays, and assessment of the correlations between activity and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. The intracellular activity of plectasin was in accordance with the in vitro studies, with an E max of a 1.1-log CFU reduction. The parameter most important for activity was fC peak/MIC, where fC peak is the free peak concentration. These findings stress the importance of performing studies of extra- and intracellular activity since these features cannot be predicted from traditional MIC and killing kinetic studies. Application of both the THP-1 and the mouse peritonitis models showed that the in vitro results were similar to findings in the in vivo model with respect to demonstration of intracellular activity. Therefore the in vitro model was a good screening model for intracellular activity. However, animal models should be applied if further information on activity, PK/pharmacodynamic parameters, and optimal dosing regimens is required.

scholarly journals Quercetin and Its Nano-Scale Delivery Systems in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Paving the Way for Cancer Elimination and Reversing Chemoresistance

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Yaseen Hussain ◽  
Sepideh Mirzaei ◽  
Milad Ashrafizadeh ◽  
Ali Zarrabi ◽  
Kiavash Hushmandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Cancer Agent ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Prostate cancer is the second most leading and prevalent malignancy around the world, following lung cancer. Prostate cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate gland. Prostate cancer morbidity and mortality have grown drastically, and intensive prostate cancer care is unlikely to produce adequate outcomes. The synthetic drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer in clinical practice face several challenges. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables. Apart from its beneficial effects, its plays a key role as an anti-cancer agent. Quercetin has shown anticancer potential, both alone and in combination. Therefore, the current study was designed to collect information from the literature regarding its therapeutic significance in the treatment of prostate cancer. Studies performed both in vitro and in vivo have confirmed that quercetin effectively prevents prostate cancer through different underlying mechanisms. Promising findings have also been achieved in clinical trials regarding the pharmacokinetics and human applications of quercetin. In the meantime, epidemiological studies have shown a negative correlation between the consumption of quercetin and the incidence of prostate cancer, and have indicated a chemopreventive effect of quercetin on prostate cancer in animal models. The major issues associated with quercetin are its low bioavailability and rapid metabolism, and these require priority attention. Chemoresistance is another main negative feature concerning prostate cancer treatment. This review highlights the chemotherapeutic effect, chemo preventive effect, and chemoresistance elimination potential of quercetin in prostate cancer. The underlying mechanisms for elimination of prostate cancer and eradication of resistance, either alone or in combination with other agents, are also discussed. In addition, the nanoscale delivery of quercetin is underpinned along with possible directions for future study.

scholarly journals Pistachio Nuts (Pistacia vera L.): Production, Nutrients, Bioactives and Novel Health Effects

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Mandalari ◽  
Davide Barreca ◽  
Teresa Gervasi ◽  
Michael A. Roussell ◽  
Bob Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pistachio Nuts ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Epidemiological and clinical studies have indicated positive outcomes related to tree nut consumption. Here, we review the production, nutrient, phytochemical composition and emerging research trends on the health benefits of pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.). Pistachios are a good source of protein, fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids, minerals and vitamins, as well as carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Polyphenols in pistachios are important contributors to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo through animal studies and clinical trials. The antimicrobial and antiviral potential of pistachio polyphenols has also been assessed and could help overcome drug resistance. Pistachio consumption may play a role in cognitive function and has been associated with a positive modulation of the human gut microbiota and beneficial effects on skin health. Pistachio polyphenol extracts may affect enzymes involved in glucose regulation and so type 2 diabetes. Taken together, these data demonstrate the health benefits of including pistachios in the diet. Further studies are required to investigate the mechanisms involved.

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