scholarly journals High-Load Resistance Exercise Augments Androgen Receptor–DNA Binding and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling without Increases in Serum/Muscle Androgens or Androgen Receptor Content

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3829
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Cardaci ◽  
Steven B. Machek ◽  
Dylan T. Wilburn ◽  
Jeffery L. Heileson ◽  
Darryn S. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
High Load ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Bonferroni Adjustment ◽  
Full Body

The purpose of this study was (1) to determine the effect of single bouts of volume- and intensity-equated low- (LL) and high-load (HL) full-body resistance exercise (RE) on AR-DNA binding, serum/muscle testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, muscle androgen receptor (AR), and AR-DNA binding; and, (2) to determine the effect of RE on sarcoplasmic and nucleoplasmic β-catenin concentrations in order to determine their impact on mediating AR-DNA binding in the absence/presence of serum/muscle androgen and AR protein. In a cross-over design, 10 resistance-trained males completed volume- and intensity-equated LL and HL full-body RE. Blood and muscle samples were collected at pre-, 3 h-, and 24 h post-exercise. Separate 2 × 3 factorial analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with repeated measures and pairwise comparisons with a Bonferroni adjustment were used to analyze the main effects. No significant differences were observed in muscle AR, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or serum total testosterone in either condition (p > 0.05). Serum-free testosterone was significantly decreased 3 h post-exercise and remained significantly less than baseline 24 h post-exercise in both conditions (p < 0.05). In response to HL, AR-DNA binding significantly increased at 3 h post-exercise (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed at any time in response to LL (p > 0.05). Moreover, sarcoplasmic β-catenin was significantly greater in HL (p < 0.05) without significant changes in nucleoplasmic β-catenin (p > 0.05). In conclusion, increases in AR-DNA binding in response to HL RE indicate AR signaling may be load-dependent. Furthermore, despite the lack of increase in serum and muscle androgens or AR content following HL RE, elevations in AR-DNA binding with elevated sarcoplasmic β-catenin suggests β-catenin may be facilitating this response.

Testosterone Responses after Resistance Exercise in Women: Influence of Regional Fat Distribution

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley C. Nindl ◽  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Lincoln A. Gotshalk ◽  
James O. Marx ◽  
Jeff S. Volek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Regional Fat Distribution

Regional fat distribution (RFD) has been associated with metabolic derangements in populations with obesity. For example, upper body fat patterning is associated with higher levels of free testosterone (FT) and lower levels of sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG). We sought to determine the extent to which this relationship was true in a healthy (i.e., non-obese) female population and whether RFD influenced androgen responses to resistance exercise. This study examined the effects of RFD on total testosterone (TT), FT, and SHBG responses to an acute resistance exercise test (ARET) among 47 women (22 ± 3 years; 165 ± 6 cm; 62 ± 8 kg; 25 ± 5 %BF; 23 ± 3 BMI). RFD was characterized by 3 separate indices: waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), ratio of upper arm fat to mid-thigh fat assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ratio), and ratio of subscapular to triceps ratio (SB/TRi ratio). Skinfolds were measured for the triceps, chest, subscapular, mid-axillary, suprailaic, abdomen, and thigh regions. The ARET consisted of 6 sets of 10 RM squats separated by 2-min rest periods. Blood was obtained pre- and post- ARET. TT, FT, and SHBG concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Subjects were divided into tertiles from the indices of RFD, and statistical analyses were performed by an ANOVA with repeated measures (RFD and exercise as main effects). Significant (p < .05) increases following the AHRET were observed for TT (~25%), FT (~25%), and SHBG (4%). With multiple regression analysis, anthropometric measures significantly predicted pre- concentrations of FT, post-concentrations of TT, and pre-concentrations of SHBG. The SB/TRi and MRI ratios but not the WHR, were discriminant for hormonal concentrations among the tertiles. In young, healthy women, resistance exercise can induce transient increases in testosterone, and anthropometric markers of adiposity correlate with testosterone concentrations.

scholarly journals Effect of aerobic and resistance exercise on the mitochondrial peptide MOTS-c in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White breast cancer survivors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Dieli-Conwright ◽  
Nathalie Sami ◽  
Mary K. Norris ◽  
Junxiang Wan ◽  
Hiroshi Kumagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hispanic White

AbstractMOTS-c is a mitochondrial derived peptide with exercise mimetic activity that elicits beneficial effects on metabolism and exercise capacity. Furthermore, MOTS-c effects in humans are affected by race, potentially via ethnic-specific mtDNA variations. Women treated for breast cancer are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity, due to side effects of cancer-treatments. We conducted a secondary analysis of the effects of a 16-week aerobic and resistance exercise intervention on MOTS-c in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White breast cancer survivors (BCS). BCS (Stage I–III) were randomized to exercise or standard care. The intervention promoted aerobic and resistance exercise for 16 weeks. MOTS-c was analyzed in fasting plasma using an in-house ELISA. Within and between group differences were assessed by paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Pearson’s correlation was computed to assess the association between MOTS-c and metabolic biomarkers at baseline and post-exercise. Twenty-five Hispanic-BCS and 24 non-Hispanic White BCS were included. Hispanic BCS were younger, of greater adiposity, had higher stage cancers, and had worse metabolic profiles at baseline compared to non-Hispanic White BCS (p < 0.001). Post-exercise, MOTS-c levels significantly increased when compared to baseline and the usual care group among non-Hispanic White BCS (p < 0.01) but not among Hispanic breast cancer survivors (p > 0.01). Post-exercise levels of MOTS-c among non-Hispanic White BCS were significantly associated with reductions in fat mass, body weight, HOMA-IR, CRP, and an increase in lean mass (p < 0.01). A 16-week aerobic and resistance intervention increased MOTS-c levels among non-Hispanic White BCS. Trial registration: This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01140282 as of June 9, 2010. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01140282.

Effects of Heavy Resistance Exercise Volume on Post-Exercise Androgen Receptor Content in Resistance-Trained Men

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S238
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Ratamess ◽  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Jeff S. Volek ◽  
Carl M. Maresh ◽  
Jaci L. Van Heest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Heavy Resistance Exercise

scholarly journals Effects of Four Weeks of Concurrent Taekwondo Plus Resistance Training on Post-exercise Blood Biomarkers of Physiological Stress in Previously-Trained Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Lewis Mathunjwa ◽  
Trayana Djarova ◽  
Ina Shaw ◽  
Brandon Stuwart Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Blood Biomarkers ◽  
Post Exercise

Background: Various training protocols have been used in combat sports, including Taekwondo (TKD), to rapidly improve performance and to avoid injury by balancing the exercise intensity and the athletes’ metabolic tolerance and hormonal response. However, little is known about such metabolic responses in previously-trained individuals. Objectives: To investigate the effects of a concurrent TKD plus resistance (RT) training program on post-exercise blood biomarkers of physiological stress in previously-trained individuals. Methods: Twenty-eight (16 males: 12 females) previously-trained individuals aged 20 - 26 years were matched by gender and randomly divided into either moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercising group (MODG) or a high-intensity exercising group (HIG). The MODG performed TKD training at a target training intensity of 55 - 70% (weeks 1 - 2) and 70 - 85% (weeks 3 - 4) maximum heart rate (HRmax) and RT training for four sets of 10 - 15 repetitions for each of the 13 whole-body RT exercises. The HIG performed TKD training at a target training intensity of 85 - 100% (weeks 1 - 2) and 95 - 100% (weeks 3 - 4) HRmax and RT training for five sets of 10 - 15 repetitions for each of the 13 whole-body RT exercises. A structured taekwondo tasks (sTT) test was conducted before and after the training period. Results: Significant post-exercise improvements were found for total testosterone (P = 0.02), free testosterone (P = 0.01), C/T ratio (P = 0.03) and lactate (P = 0.03) in the mixed gender HIG. With regards to the specific gender effects, post-exercise improvements were found in S-CPK in the male MODG and HIG, with improvements in uric acid only in the male HIG. In turn, post-exercise improvements were found for total testosterone, testosterone binding globulin, free testosterone in the female MODG and HIG, with post-exercise improvements in S-CPK and uric acid in the female HIG only. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that even a short period of concurrent taekwondo and resistance training improves adaptation and post-exercise responses to physiological stress, and such adaptation may even be more marked in previously-trained female athletes. Thus, this mode of training may provide a novel exercise training modality to rapidly improve an individuals’ capacity to exercise, especially in situations of plateau, while avoiding overtraining and an increased concomitant chance of illness and musculoskeletal injury.

Effects of Heavy Resistance Exercise Volume on Post-Exercise Androgen Receptor Content in Resistance-Trained Men

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S238
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Ratamess ◽  
William J. Kraemer ◽  
Jeff S. Volek ◽  
Carl M. Maresh ◽  
Jaci L. Van Heest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Heavy Resistance Exercise

scholarly journals The Effects of a Protease Enzyme Blend on Post-Resistance Exercise Intramuscular Anabolic Signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1767-1767
Author(s):  
Jeremy Townsend ◽  
Jaclyn Morimune ◽  
Megan Jones ◽  
Laurel Littlefield ◽  
Stephen Heffington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Main Effect

Abstract Objectives Protease supplementation has been reported to decrease inflammation and indices of muscle damage while increasing functional recovery following strenuous resistance exercise compared to a placebo. While various mechanisms have been proposed, the effects of protease supplementation on the resistance exercise induced anabolic signaling response has not been reported in the literature. To examine the effects of a protease enzyme blend added to whey protein on post-resistance exercise intramuscular anabolic signaling. Methods Ten resistance-trained males (24.4 ± 4.1yrs, 1.79 ± 0.86 m, 92.6 ± 10.4 kg) were enrolled in this double-blind, cross-over, placebo controlled study and engaged in three separate bouts of resistance exercise. Each participant completed 4 sets of leg presses and leg extensions for 8–10 repetitions at 75% of their 1-repetition maximum with 90 seconds of rest between each set. Immediately following the resistance exercise protocol, participants consumed either 250 mg of a protease enzyme blend + 26 g of whey protein (PW), 26 g whey alone (W), or non-caloric control (CON) in a counterbalanced fashion. Skeletal muscle microbiopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis pre-exercise (PRE), 1-hour (1H), and 3-hours (3H) post-exercise. Multiplex signaling assay kits were used to quantify the phosphorylation status of proteins specific to the mTOR (AKT, mTOR, p70S6K) and MAPK (ERK1/2, JNK, p38) signaling pathways using the MAGPIX® (Luminex, Austin, TX, USA). A 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify differences between treatments over time. Results A main effect for time (p &lt; 0.05) revealed phosphorylation of AKT was decreased at 1H (p &lt; 0.001), mTOR was increased at 1H (P = 0.025) and 3H (P = 0.009) post-exercise, while p70S6K remained unchanged (P &gt; 0.05) from PRE. A main effect for time (p &lt; 0.05) was found with increased phosphorylation at 1H for JNK (P = 0.001), and decreased phosphorylation at 3H for ERK 1/2 (P = 0.022) with respect to baseline. Additionally, there were no differences in any mTOR nor MAPK signaling proteins observed between treatments. Conclusions These data suggest that acute protease supplementation may not alter mTOR or MAPK signaling in skeletal muscle following acute resistance exercise. Funding Sources Deerland Enzymes, Kennesaw, GA.

scholarly journals Endogenous hormones, androgen receptor CAG repeat length and fluid cognition in middle-aged and older men: results from the European Male Ageing Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 162 (6) ◽  
pp. 1155-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Lee ◽  
Aslan Ulubaev ◽  
Abdelouahid Tajar ◽  
Stephen R Pye ◽  
Neil Pendleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Repeat Length ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Health Lifestyle

ObjectiveData remain divergent regarding the activational effects of endogenous hormones on adult cognitive function. We examined the association between cognition, hormones and androgen receptor (AR) CAG repeat length in a large cohort of men.DesignCommunity-based, cross-sectional study of 3369 men aged 40–79 years.MethodsCognition tests were the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, Camden Topographical Recognition Memory and Digit-Symbol Substitution. A fluid cognition (FC) z-score was computed from the individual tests. Testosterone, oestradiol (OE2) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; DHEAS, LH, FSH and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) by electrochemiluminescence. Free testosterone and OE2 were calculated from total hormone, SHBG and albumin. CAG repeat lengths were assayed by PCR genotyping.ResultsTotal testosterone and free testosterone were associated with higher FC z-scores, LH and FSH with lower FC z-scores in age-adjusted linear regressions. After adjusting for health, lifestyle and centre, a modest association was only observed between DHEAS and a lower FC z-score (β=−0.011, P=0.02), although this was driven by subjects with DHEAS levels >10 μmol/l. Locally weighted plots revealed no threshold effects between hormones and FC. There was no association between CAG repeat length and FC z-score after adjustment for age and centre (β=−0.007, P=0.06), nor any interaction effect between CAG repeat length and hormones.ConclusionOur results suggest that endogenous hormones are not associated with a vision-based measure of FC among healthy, community-dwelling men. Further studies are warranted to determine whether ‘high’ DHEAS levels are associated with poorer performance on a broader range of neuropsychological tests.

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