scholarly journals Possible Neuroprotective Effects of l-Carnitine on White-Matter Microstructural Damage and Cognitive Decline in Hemodialysis Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1292
Author(s):  
Yuji Ueno ◽  
Asami Saito ◽  
Junichiro Nakata ◽  
Koji Kamagata ◽  
Daisuke Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
White Matter Tracts ◽  
Microstructural Damage ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Although l-carnitine alleviated white-matter lesions in an experimental study, the treatment effects of l-carnitine on white-matter microstructural damage and cognitive decline in hemodialysis patients are unknown. Using novel diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) techniques, white-matter microstructural changes together with cognitive decline in hemodialysis patients and the effects of l-carnitine on such disorders were investigated. Fourteen hemodialysis patients underwent dMRI and laboratory and neuropsychological tests, which were compared across seven patients each in two groups according to duration of l-carnitine treatment: (1) no or short-term l-carnitine treatment (NSTLC), and (2) long-term l-carnitine treatment (LTLC). Ten age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Compared to controls, microstructural disorders of white matter were widely detected on dMRI of patients. An autopsy study of one patient in the NSTLC group showed rarefaction of myelinated fibers in white matter. With LTLC, microstructural damage on dMRI was alleviated along with lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and substantial increases in carnitine levels. The LTLC group showed better achievement on trail making test A, which was correlated with amelioration of disorders in some white-matter tracts. Novel dMRI tractography detected abnormalities of white-matter tracts after hemodialysis. Long-term treatment with l-carnitine might alleviate white-matter microstructural damage and cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients.

Abstract P349: Neuroprotective Effects of L-Carnitine on Vascular Dementia in Hemodialysis Patients

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Ueno ◽  
Takao Urabe ◽  
Nobutaka Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Microstructural Damage

Background and purpose: L-carnitine alleviated oxidative stress and white matter lesions in an experimental study. Cognitive decline is not uncommon in hemodialysis patients, the pathogenesis of which has not been elucidated. Methods: Using novel diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques, white matter microstructural changes and cognitive decline in hemodialysis patients, and the effects of l-carnitine on such disorders were investigated. Fourteen hemodialysis patients underwent diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, and laboratory and neuropsychological tests, which were compared between two groups based on the duration of l-carnitine treatment: (1) no or short-term l-carnitine treatment; and (2) long-term l-carnitine treatment. Ten age and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Results: On neuropsychological testing, the majority of hemodialysis patients were categorized as having mild cognitive impairment. Seven patients were classified into the no or short-term l-carnitine treatment and long-term l-carnitine treatment groups. Compared to controls, microstructural disorders of white matter were widely detected in no or short-term l-carnitine treatment on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. An autopsy study from the no or short-term l-carnitine treatment group showed rarefaction of myelinated fibers in white matter. In long-term l-carnitine treatment, microstructural damage on diffusion magnetic resonance imaging was alleviated along with lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( P <0.001) and substantial increases of carnitine levels ( P <0.001). The long-term l-carnitine treatment group showed better achievement in Trail Making Test-A ( P =0.017), which was correlated with amelioration of disorders in bilateral anterior thalamic radiations, the left cingulum in the cingulate gyrus, the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the forceps major ( P <0.05). Conclusion: Novel diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography detected abnormalities of white matter tracts in hemodialysis patients. Long-term treatment with l-carnitine alleviated white matter microstructural damage and cognitive impairment.

Individual differences in white and grey matter structure associated with verbal habits of thought

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin C. Hayes ◽  
Katherine L Alfred ◽  
Rachel Pizzie ◽  
Joshua S. Cetron ◽  
David J. M. Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Self Report ◽  
White Matter Tracts

Modality specific encoding habits account for a significant portion of individual differences reflected in functional activation during cognitive processing. Yet, little is known about how these habits of thought influence long-term structural changes in the brain. Traditionally, habits of thought have been assessed using self-report questionnaires such as the visualizer-verbalizer questionnaire. Here, rather than relying on subjective reports, we measured habits of thought using a novel behavioral task assessing attentional biases toward picture and word stimuli. Hypothesizing that verbal habits of thought are reflected in the structural integrity of white matter tracts and cortical regions of interest, we used diffusion tensor imaging and volumetric analyses to assess this prediction. Using a whole-brain approach, we show that word bias is associated with increased volume in several bilateral language regions, in both white and grey matter parcels. Additionally, connectivity within white matter tracts within an a priori speech production network increased as a function of word bias. These results demonstrate long-term structural and morphological differences associated with verbal habits of thought.

Abstract TP181: Serum Eiocosapentaenoic Acids Is Protective Against White Matter Lesions

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Takano ◽  
Takashi Yamazaki ◽  
Tetsuya Maeda ◽  
Yuichi Satoh ◽  
Yasuko Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Partial Regression Coefficient ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Pufa ◽  
Periventricular Hyperintensity

[Introduction] White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are considered manifestation of arteriosclerotic small vessel disease and WMH burden increases risk of ischemic stroke and cognitive decline. There are only a few evidences concerning the relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and WMH. The present study was designed to elucidate the association between WMH and PUFA profile including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). [Methods] The present study was based on 119 patients who were diagnosed as having a probable AD according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Their mean age was 78.3 years old. All subjects underwent neuropsychological evaluation including mini mental state exam (MMSE) and 1.5-Tesla MRI. Fasting blood samples were also collected for the PUFA measurements. We measured the ratio of serum EPA, DHA and AA concentration to the total PUFA concentration. The WMH were evaluated on T2-weight images and classified into periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) and deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH). The severity of WMH was graded 5 categories. We investigated the relationship between WMH and PUFA profiles. [Results] The EPA ratio correlated negatively with both PVH (rs=-0.2036, p=0.0264) and DWMH grade (rs=-0.3155, p=0.0005). It remained still significant after adjustment for age, sex, statins use, antithrombotics use, mean blood pressure and presence of hypertension (standardized partial regression coefficient(β)=-0.2516, p=0.0122 for PVH, β=-0.3598, p=0.0001 for DWMH). Neither DHA nor AA ratio correlated with DWMH or PVH grade. The EPA ratio but not DHA or AA ratio correlated positively with total MMSE score (rs=0.2310, p=0.0115). [Conclusions] Our data revealed that the serum EPA was protective against WMH as well as cognitive decline in AD patients. Pathophysiology underlying WMH is complex and the possible mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of WMH encompass incomplete brain ischemia, increased permeability of blood-brain barrier, and inflammation responses. The relationship between serum EPA and WMH can be partly explained by those anti-ischemic and anti-arteriosclerotic effects of EPA.

scholarly journals Microstructural damage of white-matter tracts connecting large-scale networks is related to impaired executive profile in alcohol use disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 102141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Crespi ◽  
Caterina Galandra ◽  
Nicola Canessa ◽  
Marina Manera ◽  
Paolo Poggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
White Matter Tracts ◽  
Microstructural Damage ◽  
Large Scale Networks

Association between Mid-Regional Proadrenomedullin Levels and Progression of Deep White Matter Lesions in the Brain Accompanying Cognitive Decline

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1253-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagato Kuriyama ◽  
Masafumi Ihara ◽  
Toshiki Mizuno ◽  
Etsuko Ozaki ◽  
Daisuke Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Deep White Matter ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals O4-09-04: Association of magnetic resonance imaging white matter lesions and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. P701-P701
Author(s):  
Margit Mikula ◽  
Petroula Proitsi ◽  
Martina Sattlecker ◽  
Mike O'Sullivan ◽  
Andy Simmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Oxidative stress and other risk factors for white matter lesions in chronic hemodialysis patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (09) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mònica Muñoz-Cortés ◽  
Carme Cabré ◽  
Diasol Villa ◽  
Joan Pere Vives ◽  
Mercedes Arruche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis

A Long-Term Study of Changes in the Volume of Brain Ventricles and White Matter Lesions After Successful Liver Transplantation

2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita García Martínez ◽  
Alex Rovira ◽  
Juli Alonso ◽  
F. Xavier Aymerich ◽  
Elena Huerga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Brain Ventricles ◽  
Long Term Study

scholarly journals Tractography in the presence of white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Lipp ◽  
Greg D Parker ◽  
Emma Tallantyre ◽  
Alex Goodall ◽  
Steluta Grama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Fibre Orientation ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Radial Diffusivity ◽  
White Matter Tracts ◽  
Transfer Ratio ◽  
Microstructural Parameters ◽  
Probability Map ◽  
Tracking Algorithms

AbstractAccurate anatomical localisation of specific white matter tracts and the quantification of their tractspecific microstructural damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) can contribute to a better understanding of symptomatology, disease progression and intervention effects. Diffusion MRI-based tractography is being used increasingly to segment white matter tracts as regions-of-interest for subsequent quantitative analysis. Since MS lesions can interrupt the tractography algorithms tract reconstruction, clinical studies frequently resort to atlas-based approaches, which are convenient but ignorant to individual variability in tract size and shape. Here, we revisit the problem of individual tractography in MS, comparing tractography algorithms using: (i) The diffusion tensor framework; (ii) constrained spherical deconvoution (CSD); and (iii) damped Richardson-Lucy (dRL) deconvolution. Firstly, using simulated and in vivo data from 29 MS patients and 19 healthy controls, we show that the three tracking algorithms respond differentially to MS pathology. While the tensor-based approach is unable to deal with crossing fibres, CSD produces spurious stream-lines, in particular in tissue with high fibre loss and low diffusion anisotropy. With dRL, streamlines are increasingly interrupted in pathological tissue. Secondly, we demonstrate that despite the effects of lesion on the fibre orientation reconstruction algorithms, fibre tracking algorithms are still able to segment tracts that pass areas with high prevalence of lesions. Combining dRL-based tractography with an automated tract segmentation tool on data from 131 MS patients, the corticospinal tracts and arcuate fasciculi were successfully reconstructed in more than 90% of individuals. Comparing tractspecific microstructural parameters (fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity and magnetisation transfer ratio) in individually segmented tracts to those from a tract probability map, we showed that there is no systematic disease-related bias in the individually reconstructed tracts, suggesting that lesions and otherwise damaged parts are not systematically omitted during tractography. Thirdly, we demonstrate modest anatomical correspondence between the individual and tract probability-based approach, with a spatial overlap between 35 and 55%. Correlations between tract-averaged microstructural parameters in individually segmented tracts and the probability-map approach ranged between r = .52 (p < .001) for radial diffusivity in the right cortico-spinal tract and r = .97 (p < .001) for magnetization transfer ratio in the arcuate fasciculi. Our results show that MS white matter lesions impact fibre orientation reconstructions but this does not appear to hinder the ability to anatomically localise white matter tracts in MS. Individual tract segmentation in MS is feasible on a large scale and could prove a powerful tool for investigating diagnostic and prognostic markers.

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