scholarly journals Effects of Oro-Sensory Exposure on Satiation and Underlying Neurophysiological Mechanisms—What Do We Know So Far?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1391
Author(s):  
Marlou P. Lasschuijt ◽  
Kees de Graaf ◽  
Monica Mars
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Taste Intensity ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Salty Taste ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Fundamental Insight

The mouth is the first part of the gastrointestinal tract. During mastication sensory signals from the mouth, so-called oro-sensory exposure, elicit physiological signals that affect satiation and food intake. It has been established that a longer duration of oro-sensory exposure leads to earlier satiation. In addition, foods with more intense sweet or salty taste induce earlier satiation compared to foods that are equally palatable, but with lower taste intensity. Oro-sensory exposure to food affects satiation by direct signaling via the brainstem to higher cortical regions involved in taste and reward, including the nucleus accumbens and the insula. There is little evidence that oro-sensory exposure affects satiation indirectly through either hormone responses or gastric signals. Critical brain areas for satiation, such as the brainstem, should be studied more intensively to better understand the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the process of satiation. Furthermore, it is essential to increase the understanding of how of highly automated eating behaviors, such as oral processing and eating rate, are formed during early childhood. A better understanding of the aforementioned mechanisms provides fundamental insight in relation to strategies to prevent overconsumption and the development of obesity in future generations.

Consumer acceptance and salty taste intensity of culinary preparations in a food service in the city of São Paulo

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Natalie Marinho Dantas ◽  
Maria Elisabeth Machado Pinto-E-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Food Service ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Taste Intensity ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Salty Taste ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Trans-Synaptic Spread of Amyloid-βin Alzheimer’s Disease: Paths toβ-Amyloidosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabella Pignataro ◽  
Silvia Middei
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Amyloid Peptide ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Gradual Accumulation ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Activity Dependent

Neuronal activity has a strong causal role in the production and release of the neurotoxicβ-amyloid peptide (Aβ). Because of this close link, gradual accumulation of Aβinto amyloid plaques has been reported in brain areas with intense neuronal activity, including cortical regions that display elevated activation at resting state. However, the link between Aβand activity is not always linear and recent studies report exceptions to the view of “more activity, more plaques.” Here, we review the literature about the activity-dependent production of Aβin both human cases and AD models and focus on the evidences that brain regions with elevated convergence of synaptic connections (herein referred to as brain nodes) are particularly vulnerable to Aβaccumulation. Next, we will examine data supporting the hypothesis that, since Aβis released from synaptic terminals,β-amyloidosis can spread in AD brain by advancing through synaptically connected regions, which makes brain nodes vulnerable to Aβaccumulation. Finally, we consider possible mechanisms that account forβ-amyloidosis progression through synaptically linked regions.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological aspects of musical auditory stimulation on the cardiovascular system

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Lima Ferreira ◽  
Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei ◽  
Luiz Carlos de Abreu ◽  
Heraldo Lorena Guida ◽  
Vitor Engrácia Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms

Introduction: The literature has shown that musical stimulation can influence the cardiovascular system, however, the neurophysiological aspects of this influence are not yet fully elucidated. Objective: This study describes the influence of music on the neurophysiological mechanisms in the human body, specifically the variable blood pressure, as well as the neural mechanisms of music processing. Methods: Searches were conducted in Medline, PEDro, Lilacs and SciELO using the intersection of the keyword “music” with the keyword descriptors “blood pressure” and “neurophysiology”. Results: There were selected 11 articles, which indicated that music interferes in some aspects of physiological variables. Conclusion: Studies have indicated that music interferes on the control of blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate, through possible involvement of limbic brain areas which modulate hypothalamic-pituitary functions. Further studies are needed in order to identify the mechanisms by which this influence occurs.

scholarly journals microRNA profiling uncovers region-specific molecular correlates of threat responses in a marmoset model of anxiety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Popa ◽  
Angela C Roberts ◽  
Andrea M Santangelo ◽  
Eduardo Gascon
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
And Behavior

Background: Neuroimaging studies have consistently reported that stress-related disorders such as depression and anxiety impinge on the activity of emotion regulation networks, namely in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). This circuitry is known to be extensively modulated by serotonin and it has been long shown that genetic polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) are linked to anxiey and depression. vmPFC encompasses different brain regions in terms of cytoarchitecture, activity and connectivity. However, molecular heterogeneity within the vmPFC and how these differences affect emotional regulation and behavior have not been elucidated. Methods: Here, we took advantage of recently described polymorphisms in marmoset SLC6A4 gene linked to alter threat responses. Using FACS-sorted cells from different brain areas of genotyped marmosets, we tested the hypothesis that specific molecular changes in precise regions of the vmPFC underlie the behavioral differences and can be associated with high anxiety-like trait. Results: miRNA analysis of FACS-sorted cells from marmoset cortex revealed that clear miRNA profiles can be identified for different cell subsets (NeuN+ versus NeuN- cells) or cortical regions (visual cortex versus vmPFC). More importantly, marmosets bearing different SLC6A4 polymorphisms show distinct miRNAs signatures specifically in vmPFC area 32 neurons but not in the closely related vmPFC area 25 neurons. Finally, levels of these miRNAs were highly correlated to the anxiety-like score in a test of uncertain threat. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that molecular changes within area 32 likely underlie the differential anxiety-like responses associated with SLC6A4 polymorphisms.

scholarly journals Associations between eating behaviors and muscle strength among Chinese adults: A population-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ding ◽  
Wenbo Zhang ◽  
Xijun Sun ◽  
Yongxiang Wang ◽  
Shulei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breakfast Consumption

Abstract Background: Poor eating behaviors are associated with imbalances in energy and food intake, which may directly or indirectly contribute to muscle strength loss. This study aimed to investigate the association between eating behaviors and muscle strength in Chinese adults. Methods: We designed a cross-sectional study of 2,036 Chinese individuals aged 25–68 years, conducted in 2017. Eating behaviors, including breakfast consumption, snacking after dinner, and eating rate, were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Muscle strength was determined by grip strength and assessed using a digital grip dynamometer. Results: After final adjustments for confounding factors, grip strength was measured as 35.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.6–35.8), 36.0 (95%CI: 35.6–36.4), and 36.9 (95%CI: 36.6–37.2) for those who skipped, occasionally ate, and regularly ate breakfast, respectively (p for trend < 0.001). Those who always, sometimes, and seldom snacked after dinner, respectively (p for trend <0.001), reported the following grip strength: 34.6 (95%CI: 33.9–35.2), 36.2 (95%CI: 35.8–36.6), and 36.8 (95%CI: 36.5–37.2). Significant associations were not found between eating rate and grip strength. Conclusions: Present study showed that higher frequency of breakfast consumption and lower frequency of snacking after dinner were associated with better muscle strength in Chinese adults. Therefore, eating behaviors may be involved in muscle function.

scholarly journals The Physiological Control of Eating: Signals, Neurons, and Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Watts ◽  
Scott E Kanoski ◽  
Graciela Sanchez-Watts ◽  
Wolfgang Langhans
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Neural Connections ◽  
Balanced Assessment ◽  
Neuronal Connections ◽  
The Brain

During the past 30 years, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities that has coincided with an ever increasing sophistication of genetically based manipulations. These techniques have produced results with a remarkable level of cell-specificity-particularly at the cell signaling level-and have played a lead role in advancing the field. However, putting these findings into a brain-wide context that connects physiological signals and neurons to behavior and somatic physiology requires a thorough consideration of neuronal connections; a field that has also seen an extraordinary technological revolution. Our goal is to present a comprehensive and balanced assessment of how physiological signals associated with energy homeostasis interact at many brain levels to control eating behaviors. A major theme is that these signals engage sets of interacting neural networks throughout the brain, that are defined by specific neural connections. We begin by discussing some fundamental concepts-including ones that still engender vigorous debate-that provide the necessary frameworks for understanding how the brain controls meal initiation and termination. These include: key word definitions, ATP availability as the pivotal regulated variable in energy homeostasis, neuropeptide signaling, homeostatic and hedonic eating, and meal structure. Within this context, we discuss network models of how key regions in the endbrain (or telencephalon), hypothalamus, hindbrain, medulla, vagus nerve, and spinal cord work together with the gastrointestinal tract to enable the complex motor events that permit animals to eat in diverse situations.

scholarly journals Neural Mechanisms in Eating Behaviors: A Pilot fMRI Study of Emotional Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Molina-Ruiz ◽  
T. García-Saiz ◽  
Jeffrey C.L. Looi ◽  
E. Via Virgili ◽  
M. Rincón Zamorano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Functional Relevance

Objective Emotional processing dysfunction evident in eating disorders (ED) such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), is considered relevant to the development and maintenance of these disorders. The purpose of the current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to pilot a comparison of the activity of the fronto-limbic and fronto-striatal brain areas during an emotion processing task in persons with ED.Methods 24 women patients with ED were scanned, while showing emotionally stimulating (pleasant, unpleasant) and neutral images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS).Results During the pleasant condition, significant differences in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) activations were found with AN participants presenting greater activation compared to BN and ED comorbid groups (EDc) and healthy controls also showing greater activation of this brain area compared to BN and EDc. Left putamen was less activated in EDc compared to both controls (C) and AN. During the unpleasant condition, AN participants showed hyperactivation of the Orbito-frontal Cortex (OFC) when compared to EDc.Conclusion This study highlights the potential functional relevance of brain areas that have been associated with self-control. These findings should help advance understanding the neural substrate of ED, though they should be considered as preliminary and be cautiously interpreted.

Effect of Liposome-Coated Salt on Salty Taste Intensity of Noodle

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiseon Lee ◽  
◽  
Mi-Yeon Lee ◽  
Hyung-Yong Cho ◽  
Mi-Jung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Taste Intensity ◽  
Salty Taste

scholarly journals Associations between eating behaviors and muscle strength among Chinese adults: A population-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ding ◽  
Wenbo Zhang ◽  
Xijun Sun ◽  
Yongxiang Wang ◽  
Shulei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eating Rate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breakfast Consumption

Abstract Background: Poor eating behaviors are associated with imbalances in energy and food intake, which may directly or indirectly contribute to muscle strength loss. This study aimed to investigate the association between eating behaviors and muscle strength in Chinese adults. Methods: We designed a cross-sectional study of 2,036 Chinese individuals aged 25–68 years, conducted in 2017. Eating behaviors, including breakfast consumption, snacking after dinner, and eating rate, were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Muscle strength was determined by grip strength and assessed using a digital grip dynamometer. Results: After final adjustments for confounding factors, grip strength was measured as 35.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.6–35.8), 36.0 (95%CI: 35.6–36.4), and 36.9 (95%CI: 36.6–37.2) for those who skipped, occasionally ate, and regularly ate breakfast, respectively (p for trend < 0.001). Those who always, sometimes, and seldom snacked after dinner, respectively (p for trend <0.001), reported the following grip strength: 34.6 (95%CI: 33.9–35.2), 36.2 (95%CI: 35.8–36.6), and 36.8 (95%CI: 36.5–37.2). Significant associations were not found between eating rate and grip strength. Conclusions: Present study showed that higher frequency of breakfast consumption and lower frequency of snacking after dinner were associated with better muscle strength in Chinese adults. Therefore, eating behaviors may be involved in muscle function.

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