scholarly journals Nutritional Regulation of Human Brown Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1748
Author(s):  
Karla J. Suchacki ◽  
Roland H. Stimson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Nutritional Regulation ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
The Impact

The recent identification of brown adipose tissue in adult humans offers a new strategy to increase energy expenditure to treat obesity and associated metabolic disease. While white adipose tissue (WAT) is primarily for energy storage, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that increases energy expenditure to generate heat. BAT is activated upon cold exposure and improves insulin sensitivity and lipid clearance, highlighting its beneficial role in metabolic health in humans. This review provides an overview of BAT physiology in conditions of overnutrition (obesity and associated metabolic disease), undernutrition and in conditions of altered fat distribution such as lipodystrophy. We review the impact of exercise, dietary macronutrients and bioactive compounds on BAT activity. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of dietary manipulations or supplementation to increase energy expenditure and BAT thermogenesis. We conclude that chronic nutritional interventions may represent a useful nonpharmacological means to enhance BAT mass and activity to aid weight loss and/or improve metabolic health.

scholarly journals Human Brown Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Health: Potential for Therapeutic Avenues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Singh ◽  
Albert Barrios ◽  
Golnaz Dirakvand ◽  
Shehla Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities comprise of a cluster of conditions including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases that has affected more than 650 million people all over the globe. Obesity results from accumulation of white adipose tissues mainly due to the chronic imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure. Variety of approaches to treat or prevent obesity, including lifestyle interventions, surgical weight loss procedures and pharmacological approaches to reduce energy intake and increase energy expenditure have failed to substantially decrease the prevalence of obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), the primary source of thermogenesis in infants and small mammals may represent a promising therapeutic target to treat obesity by promoting energy expenditure through non-shivering thermogenesis mediated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Since the confirmation of functional BAT in adult humans by several groups, approximately a decade ago and its association with a favorable metabolic phenotype, intense interest on the significance of BAT in adult human physiology and metabolic health has emerged within the scientific community to explore its therapeutic potential for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. Substantially decreased BAT activity in individuals with obesity indicates a role for BAT in setting of human obesity. On the other hand, BAT mass and its prevalence has been reported to correlate with lower body mass index (BMI), decreased age and glucose levels, leading to lower incidence of cardio metabolic diseases. Increased cold exposure in adult humans with undetectable BAT was associated with decreased body fat mass and increased insulin sensitivity. Deeper understanding of the role of BAT in human metabolic health and its inter-relationship with body fat distribution and deciphering proper strategies to increase energy expenditure by either increasing functional BAT mass, or inducing white adipose browning holds the promise for possible therapeutic avenues for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.

Abstract 400: Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Blockade Diminishes Obesity and Dyslipidemia via Peripheral Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy F Berbée ◽  
Mariëtte R Boon ◽  
Andrea D van Dam ◽  
Anita M van den Hoek ◽  
Marc Lombès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Cannabinoid 1 Receptor ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Peripheral Activation

Objectives: The endocannabinoid system is an important player in energy metabolism by regulating appetite, lipolysis and energy expenditure. Chronic blockade of the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) leads to long-term maintained weight loss and reduction of dyslipidemia in experimental and human obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) that burns lipids towards heat using UCP1, recently emerged as a major player in lipoprotein metabolism and is present and active in human adults. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism by which CB1R blockade reverses dyslipidemia and obesity, with special focus on BAT. Methods and results: Diet-induced obese APOE*3-Leiden.CETP transgenic mice, a well-established model for human-like lipoprotein metabolism, were treated with the systemic CB1R blocker rimonabant (10 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Rimonabant persistently decreased body weight (-25%, p<0.001), fat mass (-32%, p<0.001) and plasma triglyceride (TG) levels (-60%, p<0.05), despite a modest and transient reduction in food intake. Interestingly, rimonabant reduced plasma TG levels, not by affecting VLDL-TG production by the liver, but rather by selectively increasing VLDL-TG clearance by BAT (+40%, p<0.05). This was accompanied by increased energy expenditure (+20%, p<0.05), decreased lipid droplet size and increased UCP1 content in BAT (+28%, p<0.05), all pointing to increased BAT activity. Next, we demonstrated that the CB1R is highly expressed in BAT and that in vitro blockade of the CB1R in cultured brown adipocytes resulted in 2.5-fold upregulation of UCP1. Importantly, the in vivo results could be fully recapitulated using the strictly peripheral CB1R antagonist AM6545 (10 mg/kg/day) that does not induce hypophagia. Conclusion: CB1R blockade reduces dyslipidemia and obesity by peripheral activation of BAT. Selective targeting of peripheral CB1R in BAT has thus great therapeutic potential in decreasing dyslipidemia and obesity and ultimately cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Protein kinase A induces UCP1 expression in specific adipose depots to increase energy expenditure and improve metabolic health

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. R79-R88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna M. Dickson ◽  
Shriya Gandhi ◽  
Brian T. Layden ◽  
Ronald N. Cohen ◽  
Barton Wicksteed
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Pka Regulatory Subunit

Adipose tissue PKA has roles in adipogenesis, lipolysis, and mitochondrial function. PKA transduces the cAMP signal downstream of G protein-coupled receptors, which are being explored for therapeutic manipulation to reduce obesity and improve metabolic health. This study aimed to determine the overall physiological consequences of PKA activation in adipose tissue. Mice expressing an activated PKA catalytic subunit in adipose tissue (Adipoq-caPKA mice) showed increased PKA activity in subcutaneous, epididymal, and mesenteric white adipose tissue (WAT) depots and brown adipose tissue (BAT) compared with controls. Adipoq-caPKA mice weaned onto a high-fat diet (HFD) or switched to the HFD at 26 wk of age were protected from diet-induced weight gain. Metabolic health was improved, with enhanced insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and β-cell function. Adipose tissue health was improved, with smaller adipocyte size and reduced macrophage engulfment of adipocytes. Using metabolic cages, we found that Adipoq-caPKA mice were shown to have increased energy expenditure, but no difference to littermate controls in physical activity or food consumption. Immunoblotting of adipose tissue showed increased expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) in BAT and dramatic UCP1 induction in subcutaneous WAT, but no induction in the visceral depots. Feeding a HFD increased PKA activity in epididymal WAT of wild-type mice compared with chow, but did not change PKA activity in subcutaneous WAT or BAT. This was associated with changes in PKA regulatory subunit expression. This study shows that adipose tissue PKA activity is sufficient to increase energy expenditure and indicates that PKA is a beneficial target in metabolic health.

scholarly journals Brown adipose tissue, energy expenditure, and biomarkers of cardio-metabolic health among the Yakut (Sakha) of northeastern Siberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. e23175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie B. Levy ◽  
Tatiana M. Klimova ◽  
Raisa N. Zakharova ◽  
Afanasiy I. Federov ◽  
Valentina I. Fedorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
Brown Adipose

scholarly journals Effects of Caffeine on Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Metabolic Homeostasis: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lachlan Van Schaik ◽  
Christine Kettle ◽  
Rodney Green ◽  
Helen R. Irving ◽  
Joseph A. Rathner
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
The Impact

The impact of brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism on understanding energy balance in humans is a relatively new and exciting field of research. The pathogenesis of obesity can be largely explained by an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, but the underlying mechanisms are far more complex. Traditional non-selective sympathetic activators have been used to artificially elevate energy utilization, or suppress appetite, however undesirable side effects are apparent with the use of these pharmacological interventions. Understanding the role of BAT, in relation to human energy homeostasis has the potential to dramatically offset the energy imbalance associated with obesity. This review discusses paradoxical effects of caffeine on peripheral adenosine receptors and the possible role of adenosine in increasing metabolism is highlighted, with consideration to the potential of central rather than peripheral mechanisms for caffeine mediated BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Research on the complex physiology of adipose tissue, the embryonic lineage and function of the different types of adipocytes is summarized. In addition, the effect of BAT on overall human metabolism and the extent of the associated increase in energy expenditure are discussed. The controversy surrounding the primary β-adrenoceptor involved in human BAT activation is examined, and suggestions as to the lack of translational findings from animal to human physiology and human in vitro to in vivo models are provided. This review compares and distinguishes human and rodent BAT effects, thus developing an understanding of human BAT thermogenesis to aid lifestyle interventions targeting obesity and metabolic syndrome. The focus of this review is on the effect of BAT thermogenesis on overall metabolism, and the potential therapeutic effects of caffeine in increasing metabolism via its effects on BAT.

scholarly journals Is brown adipose tissue a new target for obesity therapy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 2860
Author(s):  
O. M. Drapkina ◽  
O. T. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Obesity Therapy ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Homeostasis

The rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity and related diseases has prompted researchers to seek novel effective therapeutic targets. Recently, brown adipose tissue has been in the spotlight as a potential target for treatment of metabolic diseases due to its ability to increase energy expenditure and regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis. The review presents the latest data on approaches aimed at activating and expanding brown adipose tissue in order to combat obesity.

scholarly journals Human Brown Adipose Tissue as a Therapeutic Target - Warming up or Cooling Down?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben T McNeill ◽  
Karla J Suchacki ◽  
Roland H. Stimson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Beige Adipocytes ◽  
Novel Strategy

Excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue leads to obesity and its associated metabolic health consequences such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Several approaches to treat or prevent obesity including public health interventions, surgical weight loss, and pharmacological approaches to reduce caloric intake have failed to substantially modify the increasing prevalence of obesity. The (re-)discovery of active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans approximately 15 years ago led to a resurgence in research into whether BAT activation could be a novel therapy for the treatment of obesity. Upon cold stimulus, BAT is activated and generates heat to maintain body temperature, thus increasing energy expenditure. Activation of BAT may provide a unique opportunity to increase energy expenditure without the need for exercise. However, much of the underlying mechanisms surrounding BAT activation are still being elucidated and the effectiveness of BAT as a therapeutic target has not been realised. Research is ongoing to determine how best to expand BAT mass and activate existing BAT; approaches include cold exposure, pharmacological stimulation using sympathomimetics, browning agents that induce formation of thermogenic beige adipocytes in white adipose depots, and the identification of factors secreted by BAT with therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss the caloric capacity and other metabolic benefits from BAT activation in humans and the role of metabolic tissues such as skeletal muscle in increasing energy expenditure. We discuss the potential of current approaches and the challenges of BAT activation as a novel strategy to treat obesity and metabolic disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document