scholarly journals Is brown adipose tissue a new target for obesity therapy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 2860
Author(s):  
O. M. Drapkina ◽  
O. T. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Obesity Therapy ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Homeostasis

The rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity and related diseases has prompted researchers to seek novel effective therapeutic targets. Recently, brown adipose tissue has been in the spotlight as a potential target for treatment of metabolic diseases due to its ability to increase energy expenditure and regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis. The review presents the latest data on approaches aimed at activating and expanding brown adipose tissue in order to combat obesity.

scholarly journals Human Brown Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Health: Potential for Therapeutic Avenues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Singh ◽  
Albert Barrios ◽  
Golnaz Dirakvand ◽  
Shehla Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities comprise of a cluster of conditions including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases that has affected more than 650 million people all over the globe. Obesity results from accumulation of white adipose tissues mainly due to the chronic imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure. Variety of approaches to treat or prevent obesity, including lifestyle interventions, surgical weight loss procedures and pharmacological approaches to reduce energy intake and increase energy expenditure have failed to substantially decrease the prevalence of obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), the primary source of thermogenesis in infants and small mammals may represent a promising therapeutic target to treat obesity by promoting energy expenditure through non-shivering thermogenesis mediated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Since the confirmation of functional BAT in adult humans by several groups, approximately a decade ago and its association with a favorable metabolic phenotype, intense interest on the significance of BAT in adult human physiology and metabolic health has emerged within the scientific community to explore its therapeutic potential for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. Substantially decreased BAT activity in individuals with obesity indicates a role for BAT in setting of human obesity. On the other hand, BAT mass and its prevalence has been reported to correlate with lower body mass index (BMI), decreased age and glucose levels, leading to lower incidence of cardio metabolic diseases. Increased cold exposure in adult humans with undetectable BAT was associated with decreased body fat mass and increased insulin sensitivity. Deeper understanding of the role of BAT in human metabolic health and its inter-relationship with body fat distribution and deciphering proper strategies to increase energy expenditure by either increasing functional BAT mass, or inducing white adipose browning holds the promise for possible therapeutic avenues for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Activation of bile acid signaling improves metabolic phenotypes in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (2) ◽  
pp. G286-G304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Pierre ◽  
Kristina B. Martinez ◽  
Honggang Ye ◽  
Anuradha Nadimpalli ◽  
Timothy C. Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Proximal Intestine

The metabolic benefits induced by gastric bypass, currently the most effective treatment for morbid obesity, are associated with bile acid (BA) delivery to the distal intestine. However, mechanistic insights into BA signaling in the mediation of metabolic benefits remain an area of study. The bile diversion () mouse model, in which the gallbladder is anastomosed to the distal jejunum, was used to test the specific role of BA in the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. Metabolic phenotype, including body weight and composition, glucose tolerance, energy expenditure, thermogenesis genes, total BA and BA composition in the circulation and portal vein, and gut microbiota were examined. BD improves the metabolic phenotype, which is in accord with increased circulating primary BAs and regulation of enterohormones. BD-induced hypertrophy of the proximal intestine in the absence of BA was reversed by BA oral gavage, but without influencing BD metabolic benefits. BD-enhanced energy expenditure was associated with elevated TGR5, D2, and thermogenic genes, including UCP1, PRDM16, PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PDGFRα in epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) and inguinal WAT, but not in brown adipose tissue. BD resulted in an altered gut microbiota profile (i.e., Firmicutes bacteria were decreased, Bacteroidetes were increased, and Akkermansia was positively correlated with higher levels of circulating primary BAs). Our study demonstrates that enhancement of BA signaling regulates glucose and lipid homeostasis, promotes thermogenesis, and modulates the gut microbiota, which collectively resulted in an improved metabolic phenotype.

scholarly journals Brown Adipose Tissue and Its Role in Insulin and Glucose Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Maliszewska ◽  
Adam Kretowski
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

The increased worldwide prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, and their related metabolic complications have prompted the scientific world to search for new possibilities to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), due to its unique protein uncoupling protein 1 (UPC1) in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, has been acknowledged as a promising approach to increase energy expenditure. Activated brown adipocytes dissipate energy, resulting in heat production. In other words, BAT burns fat and increases the metabolic rate, promoting a negative energy balance. Moreover, BAT alleviates metabolic complications like dyslipidemia, impaired insulin secretion, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this review is to explore the role of BAT in total energy expenditure, as well as lipid and glucose homeostasis, and to discuss new possible activators of brown adipose tissue in humans to treat obesity and metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Nutritional Regulation of Human Brown Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1748
Author(s):  
Karla J. Suchacki ◽  
Roland H. Stimson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Nutritional Regulation ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
The Impact

The recent identification of brown adipose tissue in adult humans offers a new strategy to increase energy expenditure to treat obesity and associated metabolic disease. While white adipose tissue (WAT) is primarily for energy storage, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that increases energy expenditure to generate heat. BAT is activated upon cold exposure and improves insulin sensitivity and lipid clearance, highlighting its beneficial role in metabolic health in humans. This review provides an overview of BAT physiology in conditions of overnutrition (obesity and associated metabolic disease), undernutrition and in conditions of altered fat distribution such as lipodystrophy. We review the impact of exercise, dietary macronutrients and bioactive compounds on BAT activity. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of dietary manipulations or supplementation to increase energy expenditure and BAT thermogenesis. We conclude that chronic nutritional interventions may represent a useful nonpharmacological means to enhance BAT mass and activity to aid weight loss and/or improve metabolic health.

scholarly journals The effect of mirabegron on energy expenditure and brown adipose tissue in healthy lean South Asian and Europid men

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2032-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly J. Nahon ◽  
Laura G. M. Janssen ◽  
Aashley S. D. Sardjoe Mishre ◽  
Manu P. Bilsen ◽  
Jari A. Eijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Brown Adipose

W1854 Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Activates Brown Adipose Tissue and Increases Energy Expenditure in Obese Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. S-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Stylopoulos ◽  
Xiao B. Zhang ◽  
Anna-Liisa Brownell ◽  
Lee M. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Brown Adipose

Role of thermogenesis in the regulation of energy balance in relation to obesity

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Himms-Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Thermal Balance ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Thermic Effect Of Food ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Thermic Effect

Obligatory thermogenesis is a necessary accompaniment of all metabolic processes involved in maintenance of the body in the living state, and occurs in ail organs. It includes energy expenditure involved in ingesting, digesting, and processing food (thermic effect of food (TEF)). At certain life stages extra energy expenditure for growth, pregnancy, or lactation would also be obligatory. Facultative thermogenesis is superimposed on obligatory thermogenesis and can be rapidly switched on and rapidly suppressed by the nervous system. Facultative thermogenesis is important in both thermal balance, in which control of thermoregulatory thermogenesis (shivering in muscle, nonshivering in brown adipose tissue (BAT)) balances neural control of heat loss mechanisms, and in energy balance, in which control of facultative thermogenesis (exercise-induced in muscle, diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) in BAT) balances control of energy intake. Thermal balance (i.e., body temperature) is much more stringently controlled than energy balance (i.e., body energy stores). Reduced energy expenditure for thermogenesis is important in two types of obesity in laboratory animals. In the first type, deficient DIT in BAT is a prominent feature of altered energy balance. It may or may not be associated with hyperphagia. In a second type, reduced cold-induced thermogenesis in BAT as well as in other organs is a prominent feature of altered thermal balance. This in turn results in altered energy balance and obesity, exacerbated in some examples by hyperphagia. In some of the hyperphagic obese animals it is likely that the exaggerated obligatory thermic effect of food so alters thermal balance that BAT thermogenesis is suppressed. In all obese animals, deficient hypothalamic control of facultative thermogenesis and (or) food intake is implicated.Key words: thermogenesis, brown adipose tissue, energy balance, obesity, cold, thermoregulation, diet.

The administration of an extract from Berberis microphylla stimulates energy expenditure, thermogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics in mice brown adipose tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 100988
Author(s):  
Luisa A Ramirez ◽  
Javier Quezada ◽  
Lissette Duarte ◽  
Francisca Concha ◽  
Lucas Escobillana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Brown Adipose
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