scholarly journals Effects of Cranberry Juice Supplementation on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2618
Author(s):  
Chesney K. Richter ◽  
Ann C. Skulas-Ray ◽  
Trent L. Gaugler ◽  
Stacey Meily ◽  
Kristina S. Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Lipoprotein Profile ◽  
Cranberry Juice ◽  
Central Systolic Blood Pressure

Emerging cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including central vascular function and HDL efflux, may be modifiable with food-based interventions such as cranberry juice. A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was conducted in middle-aged adults with overweight/obesity (n = 40; mean BMI: 28.7 ± 0.8 kg/m2; mean age: 47 ± 2 years) and elevated brachial blood pressure (mean systolic/diastolic BP: 124 ± 2/81 ± 1 mm Hg). Study participants consumed 500 mL/d of cranberry juice (~16 fl oz; 27% cranberry juice) or a matched placebo juice in a randomized order (8-week supplementation periods; 8-week compliance break), with blood samples and vascular measurements obtained at study entry and following each supplementation period. There was no significant treatment effect of cranberry juice supplementation on the primary endpoint of central systolic blood pressure or central or brachial diastolic pressure. Cranberry juice significantly reduced 24-h diastolic ambulatory BP by ~2 mm Hg compared to the placebo (p = 0.05) during daytime hours. Cranberry juice supplementation did not alter LDL-C but significantly changed the composition of the lipoprotein profile compared to the placebo, increasing the concentration of large LDL-C particles (+29.5 vs. −6.7 nmol/L; p = 0.02) and LDL size (+0.073 vs. −0.068 nm; p = 0.001). There was no effect of treatment on ex vivo HDL efflux in the total population, but exploratory subgroup analyses identified an interaction between BMI and global HDL efflux (p = 0.02), with greater effect of cranberry juice in participants who were overweight. Exploratory analyses indicate that baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) values may moderate treatment effects. In this population of adults with elevated blood pressure, cranberry juice supplementation had no significant effect on central systolic blood pressure but did have modest effects on 24-hr diastolic ambulatory BP and the lipoprotein profile. Future studies are needed to verify these findings and the results of our exploratory analyses related to baseline health moderators.

Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure and Risk Factors for Hypertension in College Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Petek ◽  
Jonathan A. Drezner ◽  
Kimberly G. Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood

Abstract 386: Circulating Endothelial Microparticles, Elevated Blood Pressure and Endothelin-1 Mediated Vasoconstrictor Tone

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin A Beckstrom ◽  
Tyler D Bammer ◽  
Caitlin Dow ◽  
Grace Lincenberg ◽  
Kyle J Diehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Circulating Microparticles ◽  
Eta Receptor ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
Eta Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Clinical interest in circulating microparticles originating from both endothelial cells and platelets has increased due to their putative role in inflammation, endovascular function, angiogenesis and thrombosis. Elevated blood pressure is associated with profound endothelial dysfunction, particularly enhanced endothelin (ET)-1-mediated vasoconstrictor tone. There is some evidence to suggest that circulating microparticles are influenced by blood pressure and may contribute to associated vascular abnormalities. As part of an ongoing study, we are determining: 1) whether circulating endothelial (EMP) and platelet (PMP) microparticles are higher in adults with elevated blood pressure (SBP >130 mmHg) and if so; 2) if these microparticles are associated with ET-1 mediated vasoconstriction. To date, 22 sedentary, non-obese middle-aged adults have been studied: 11 normotensive (age: 55+2 yr; 7 M/4 F; BP: 118/74+3/2 mm Hg) and 11 prehypertensive/hypertensive (age: 55+2 yr; 7 M/4 F; BP: 140/85+2/3 mm Hg). All subjects were free of overt cardiometabolic disease. EMPs and PMPs were measured in platelet-poor plasma by flow cytometry. EMPs were defined as CD31+/CD42b- events and PMPs were defined as CD31+/CD42+ events. Forearm blood flow (FBF: plethysmography) responses to intra-arterial infusion of BQ-123 (100 nmol/min; for 60 min), a selective ETA receptor antagonist. EMPs were ~70% higher (p<0.01) in the prehypertensive/hypertensive (39072+3951 MP/μL) compared with normotensive (22726+2552 MP/μL). There was no difference in EMPs with the elevated blood pressure group between the prehypertensive (n=5) and hypertensive (n=6) adults. PMPs were not significantly different between the groups (503+132 vs 431+80 MP/μL). Resting FBF increased ~40% (p<0.01) in response to BQ-123 in the prehypertensive/hypertensive group only. EMPs were significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure (r=0.68) and peak FBF response to ETA receptor blockade (r=0.61). These initial results indicate that circulating EMPs, but not PMPs, are elevated in prehypertensive/hypertensive adults. Moreover, circulating EMPs are associated with systolic blood pressure and enhanced ET-1 mediated vasoconstrictor tone.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Elevated Blood Pressure and Elevated Blood Glucose among Residents of Kajiado County, Kenya: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 6957
Author(s):  
Anita Nyaboke Ongosi ◽  
Calistus Wilunda ◽  
Patou Masika Musumari ◽  
Teeranee Techasrivichien ◽  
Chia-Wen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Elevated Blood Glucose

Kenya is experiencing a rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), yet data to inform effective interventions are limited. We investigated the prevalence of elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose and their determinants in a rapidly urbanizing area in Kenya. Data on socio-demographics, dietary and behavioural risk factors, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, blood glucose, plasma lipids and urinary biomarkers were collected from 221 men and 372 women (25–64 years). Multivariable logistic regression models assessed correlates of elevated blood pressure (EBP) and elevated blood glucose (EBG). Participants’ mean age was 38.0. ± 11.1 years. The prevalence rates of pre-hypertension and hypertension were 49.0% and 31.6% in men and 43.7% and 20.1% in women, respectively, while those of pre-diabetes and diabetes were 8.4% and 8.0% in men and 11.6% and 7.4% in women, respectively. The prevalence of Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 was higher in women (60.2%) than in men (39.7%). However, both the risk of EBP and EBG were stronger among men than among women. The high prevalence rates of EBP, EBG and overweight/obesity coupled with low physical activity and low fruit and vegetable intake predispose this population to a higher NCD risk. Interventions to mitigate this risk considering the sex differences are urgently required.

scholarly journals The metabolic syndrome – What is it and how should it be managed?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M Nilsson ◽  
Jaakko Tuomilehto ◽  
Lars Rydén
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Frail Elderly People

A cluster of metabolic factors have been merged into an entity named the metabolic syndrome. Although the characteristics of this syndrome have varied over time the presently used definition was established in 2009. The presence of three abnormal findings out of five components qualifies a person for the metabolic syndrome: elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose. Cut points have been defined for all components apart from waist circumference, for which national or regional values are used. The metabolic syndrome predicts cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This associated risk does not exceed its components whereof elevated blood pressure is the most frequent. A successful management should, however, address all factors involved. The management is always based on healthy lifestyle choices but has not infrequently to be supported by pharmacological treatment, especially blood pressure lowering drugs. The metabolic syndrome is a useful example of the importance of multiple targets for preventive interventions. To be successful management has to be individualized not the least when it comes to pharmacological therapy. Frail elderly people should not be over-treated. Knowledge transfer of how risk factors act should be accompanied by continuous trust building and motivation. In complex situations with a mix of biological risk factors, adverse social conditions and unhealthy lifestyle, everything cannot be changed at once. It is better to aim for small steps that are lasting than large, unsustainable steps with relapses to unhealthy behaviours. A person with the metabolic syndrome will always be afflicted by its components, which is the reason that management has to be sustained over a very long time. This review summarizes the knowledge on the metabolic syndrome and its management according to present state of the art.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Elevated Blood Pressure, Overweight, and Dyslipidemia in Adolescent and Young Adults in Rural Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine P. Stewart ◽  
Parul Christian ◽  
Lee S.F. Wu ◽  
Steven C. LeClerq ◽  
Subarna K. Khatry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adults ◽  
Rural Nepal

Intestinales Mikrobiom und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (14) ◽  
pp. 957-963
Author(s):  
Hans-Michael Steffen ◽  
Münevver Demir
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Current Review

AbstractAging, physical activity, bodyweight and diet are well established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. For all of these factors a great impact on the intestinal microbiome has been described. The current review will discuss available data regarding the role of the gut microbiome in regulating blood pressure, vascular function and its possible contribution to atherosclerosis and heart failure.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Undetected Elevated Blood Pressure in an Elderly Southeast Asian Population

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Joshi ◽  
J. Lim ◽  
M. Nandkumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean

Data on the prevalence of Hypertension (HTN) among elderly Asians is limited. We investigated the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (EBP) and its risk factors in a multiracial Southeast Asian elderly population who participated in the National Kidney Foundation Singapore nationwide screening programme. Among 19,848 subjects ≥ 65 years (approximately 6% of the total Singapore population), the mean age was 70.6 ± 5.26 yrs. After excluding 36.6% with known HTN, analysis revealed that 5,889 (46.8%) of the remaining population had previously undetected EBP >140/ 90. Increasing age, male gender, BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 and pre-existing diabetes were significantly associated with previously undetected EBP on multivariate analysis. 6% of cases with undetected EBP had proteinuria suggestive of longstanding EBP and renal damage. We conclude that there is a high prevalence of undetected EBP in elderly Asians, suggesting the need for increased e forts in screening in the elderly population. Asia Pac J Public Health 2007; 19(2): 3—9.

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