scholarly journals The Association of Nighttime Fasting Duration and Prostate Cancer Risk: Results from the Multicase-Control (MCC) Study in Spain

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2662
Author(s):  
Anna Palomar-Cros ◽  
Ana Espinosa ◽  
Kurt Straif ◽  
Beatriz Pérez-Gómez ◽  
Kyriaki Papantoniou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Fasting Duration ◽  
Population Controls ◽  
Reduced Risk

Nighttime fasting has been inconclusively associated with a reduced risk of cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate this association in relation to prostate cancer risk. We examined data from 607 prostate cancer cases and 848 population controls who had never worked in night shift work from the Spanish multicase-control (MCC) study, 2008–2013. Through an interview, we collected circadian information on meal timing at mid-age. We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with unconditional logistic regression. After controlling for time of breakfast, fasting for more than 11 h overnight (the median duration among controls) was associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer compared to those fasting for 11 h or less (OR = 0.77, 95% 0.54–1.07). Combining a long nighttime fasting and an early breakfast was associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer compared to a short nighttime fasting and a late breakfast (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.27–1.04). This study suggests that a prolonged nighttime fasting duration and an early breakfast may be associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. Findings should be interpreted cautiously and add to growing evidence on the importance of chrononutrition in relation to cancer risk.

Reduced risk of prostate cancer in a cohort of Lithuanian diabetes mellitus patients.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 130-130
Author(s):  
Ausvydas Patasius ◽  
Marius Kincius ◽  
Donata Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene ◽  
Lina Zabuliene ◽  
Giedre Smailyte
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
Reduced Risk

130 Background: An inverse association has been shown between diabetes and prostate cancer risk. The aim of this study was to determine whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metformin is associated with prostate cancer risk. Methods: A retrospective cohort design was used to examine the relationship between diabetes and prostate cancer risk. The cohort was composed of male patients identified with diagnosis of T2DM in the National Health Insurance Fund database during 2000–2016. Cancer cases were identified by record linkage with the Lithuanian Cancer Registry which is a nationwide population-based cancer registry that contains personal and demographic information, as well as information on diagnosis of all people diagnosed with cancer in Lithuania since 1978. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for prostate cancers as a ratio of observed number of cancer case in people with diabetes diagnosis to the expected number of cancer cases in the underlying general population. Results: Overall, 68,449 males were diagnosed with diabetes in Lithuania between 2000 and 2016 were included in final cohort. 2,754 prostate cancers were observed versus 3,111.26 expected within a period of observation entailing an SIR of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85–0.92). Significantly lower risk of prostate cancer was found in diabetic patients in all age groups, there were no differences in prostate cancer risk by time since diabetes diagnosis. Significantly lower risk of prostate cancer also was found in both metformin users and never-users groups, with higher risk reduction in metformin users (SIR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.68–0.75) than in T2DM patients never-users (SIR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80–0.96). Conclusions: In the large population-based study we found significantly decreased risk of prostate cancer among men with T2DM. Our study suggests that metformin use in patients with T2DM may be associated with reduced risk of developing prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer risk calculators for healthy population: A systematic review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bandala-Jacques ◽  
Kevin Daniel Castellanos Esquivel ◽  
Fernanda Pérez-Hurtado ◽  
Cristobal Hernández-Silva ◽  
Nancy Reynoso-Noverón
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Screening for prostate cancer has long been a debated, complex topic. The use of risk calculators for prostate cancer is recommended for determining patients’ individual risk of cancer and the subsequent need for a prostate biopsy. These tools could lead to a better discrimination of patients in need of invasive diagnostic procedures and for optimized allocation of healthcare resources OBJECTIVE To systematically review available literature on current prostate cancer risk calculators’ performance in healthy population, by comparing the impact factor of individual items on different cohorts, and the models’ overall performance. METHODS We performed a systematic review of available prostate cancer risk calculators targeted at healthy population. We included studies published from January 2000 to March 2021 in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese or German. Two reviewers independently decided for or against inclusion based on abstracts. A third reviewer intervened in case of disagreements. From the selected titles, we extracted information regarding the purpose of the manuscript, the analyzed calculators, the population for which it was calibrated, the included risk factors, and the model’s overall accuracy. RESULTS We included a total of 18 calculators across 53 different manuscripts. The most commonly analyzed ones were they PCPT and ERSPC risk calculators, developed from North American and European cohorts, respectively. Both calculators provided high precision for the diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer (AUC as high as 0.798 for PCPT and 0.91 for ERSPC). We found 9 calculators developed from scratch for specific populations, which reached diagnostic precisions as high as 0.938. The most commonly included risk factors in the calculators were age, PSA levels and digital rectal examination findings. Additional calculators included race and detailed personal and family history CONCLUSIONS Both the PCPR and the ERSPC risk calculators have been successfully adapted for cohorts other than the ones they were originally created for with no loss of diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, designing calculators from scratch considering each population’s sociocultural differences has resulted in risk tools that can be well adapted to be valid in more patients. The best risk calculator for prostate cancer will be that which was has been calibrated for its intended population and can be easily reproduced and implemented CLINICALTRIAL CRD42021242110

scholarly journals Testosterone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Favorable and Aggressive Prostate Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (13) ◽  
pp. 1430-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Loeb ◽  
Yasin Folkvaljon ◽  
Jan-Erik Damber ◽  
Joseph Alukal ◽  
Mats Lambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Testosterone Replacement ◽  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Aggressive Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Prostate Cancer

Purpose The association between exposure to testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and prostate cancer risk is controversial. The objective was to examine this association through nationwide, population-based registry data. Methods We performed a nested case-control study in the National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden, which includes all 38,570 prostate cancer cases diagnosed from 2009 to 2012, and 192,838 age-matched men free of prostate cancer. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to examine associations between TRT and risk of prostate cancer (overall, favorable, and aggressive). Results Two hundred eighty-four patients with prostate cancer (1%) and 1,378 control cases (1%) filled prescriptions for TRT. In multivariable analysis, no association was found between TRT and overall prostate cancer risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.17). However, patients who received TRT had more favorable-risk prostate cancer (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.56) and a lower risk of aggressive prostate cancer (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.67). The increase in favorable-risk prostate cancer was already observed within the first year of TRT (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.34), whereas the lower risk of aggressive disease was observed after > 1 year of TRT (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.61). After adjusting for previous biopsy findings as an indicator of diagnostic activity, TRT remained significantly associated with more favorable-risk prostate cancer and lower risk of aggressive prostate cancer. Conclusion The early increase in favorable-risk prostate cancer among patients who received TRT suggests a detection bias, whereas the decrease in risk of aggressive prostate cancer is a novel finding that warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Prostate cancer risk decreases following cessation of night shift work

2019 ◽  
Vol 145 (9) ◽  
pp. 2597-2599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manolis Kogevinas ◽  
Ana Espinosa ◽  
Kyriaki Papantoniou ◽  
Nuria Aragonés ◽  
Beatriz Pérez‐Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Night Shift Work

scholarly journals Polymorphisms of Homologous RecombinationRAD51,RAD51B,XRCC2, andXRCC3Genes and the Risk of Prostate Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nowacka-Zawisza ◽  
Ewelina Wiśnik ◽  
Andrzej Wasilewski ◽  
Milena Skowrońska ◽  
Ewa Forma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Dna Repair Capacity ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may induce individual variations in DNA repair capacity, which may in turn contribute to the risk of cancer developing. Homologous recombination repair (HRR) plays a critical role in maintaining chromosomal integrity and protecting against carcinogenic factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between prostate cancer risk and the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes involved in HRR, that is,RAD51(rs1801320 and rs1801321),RAD51B(rs10483813 and rs3784099),XRCC2(rs3218536), andXRCC3(rs861539). Polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP and Real-Time PCR in 101 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and 216 age- and sex-matched controls. A significant relationship was detected between theRAD51gene rs1801320 polymorphism and increased prostate cancer risk. Our results indicate that theRAD51gene rs1801320 polymorphism may contribute to prostate cancer susceptibility in Poland.

scholarly journals Neither Hormonal Factors Nor AGEs Explain Lower Prostate Cancer Risk in Older Men With Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 6017-6024
Author(s):  
Yi X Chan ◽  
Helman Alfonso ◽  
P Gerry Fegan ◽  
Leon Flicker ◽  
Bu B Yeap
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Context Diabetes mellitus is conventionally associated with an increased risk of cancer; however, inverse associations of diabetes with prostate cancer are well described. Mechanisms are unclear, although hormonal factors, including alterations in sex hormone and IGF1 concentrations due to metabolic disturbances, have been hypothesized to play a role. Objective To assess sex hormones, IGF1, glucose, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as potential mediators of the association between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer. Design and Participants Longitudinal cohort study. The association of baseline diabetes with prostate cancer incidence was assessed using proportional hazards competing risks analysis in 3149 men followed for 12 years. Baseline hormone, glucose, and carboxymethyllysine (CML) levels were examined as potential mediators of this association. Results Diabetes was associated with a lower prostate cancer risk (fully adjusted subhazard ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.92; P = 0.017). This association was unchanged after accounting for testosterone, DHT, estradiol, or SHBG. Similarly, the addition of IGF1 or its binding proteins 1 and 3, or glucose, did not alter this association. CML was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer, and additional correction for CML in the fully adjusted model did not alter the inverse association of diabetes and prostate cancer risk. Conclusions In this study, alterations in sex hormone, IGF1, glucose, and CML levels did not account for the inverse association of diabetes and prostate cancer risk. Further studies are required to provide more insight into underlying causes of this association.

scholarly journals Risk of cancer in regular and low meat-eaters, fish-eaters, and vegetarians: a prospective analysis of UK Biobank participants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Z. Watling ◽  
Julie A. Schmidt ◽  
Yashvee Dunneram ◽  
Tammy Y. N. Tong ◽  
Rebecca K. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Background: Following a vegetarian diet has become increasingly popular and some evidence suggests that being vegetarian may be associated with a lower risk of cancer overall. However, for specific cancer sites, the evidence is limited. Aim: To assess the associations of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets with risks of all cancer, colorectal cancer, postmenopausal breast cancer, and prostate cancer, and to explore the role of potential mediators between these associations. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 472,377 UK Biobank participants who were free from cancer at recruitment. Participants were categorised into regular meat-eaters (n=247,571), low meat-eaters (n=205,385), fish-eaters (n=10,696), and vegetarians (n=8,685) based on dietary questions completed at recruitment. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all cancer incidence and separate cancer sites across diet groups. Results: After an average follow-up of 11.4 years, 54,961 incident cancers were identified, including 5,882 colorectal, 7,537 postmenopausal breast, 9,501 prostate cancer cases. Compared with regular meat-eaters, being a low meat-eater, fish-eater, or vegetarian were all associated with a lower risk of all cancer (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96-1.00; 0.90, 0.84-0.96; 0.86, 0.80-0.93, respectively). Being a low meat-eater was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer in comparison to regular meat-eaters (0.91, 0.86-0.96); there was heterogeneity in this association by sex (p=0.007), with an inverse association across diet groups in men, but not in women. Vegetarian postmenopausal women had a lower risk of breast cancer (0.82, 0.68-0.99), which was attenuated and non-significant after adjusting for body mass index (BMI; 0.87, 0.72-1.05); in mediation analyses, BMI was found to possibly mediate the observed association. In men, being a fish-eater or a vegetarian was inversely associated with prostate cancer risk (0.80, 0.65-0.99 and 0.69, 0.54-0.89, respectively). Conclusion: Low and non-meat-eaters had a lower risk of being diagnosed with cancer in comparison to regular meat-eaters. We also found that low meat-eaters had a lower risk of colorectal cancer, vegetarian women had a lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, and vegetarians and fish-eaters had a lower risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer. The lower risk of colorectal cancer in low meat-eaters is consistent with previous evidence suggesting an adverse impact of meat intake. The lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in vegetarian women may be explained by their lower BMI. It is not clear whether the other differences observed, for all cancers and for prostate cancer, reflect any causal relationships or are or due to other factors such as residual confounding or differences in cancer detection.

P055 Night shift work and prostate cancer risk: epicap study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaelle Wendeu-foyet ◽  
Sylvie Cénée ◽  
Xavier Rébillard ◽  
Brigitte Trétarre ◽  
Damien Léger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Night Shift Work

scholarly journals Cancer Predisposition Genes in Cancer-Free Families

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2770
Author(s):  
Guoqiao Zheng ◽  
Calogerina Catalano ◽  
Obul Reddy Bandapalli ◽  
Nagarajan Paramasivam ◽  
Subhayan Chattopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Predisposition ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Risk Alleles ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Predisposition Genes ◽  
High Risk Cancer ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Familial clustering, twin concordance, and identification of high- and low-penetrance cancer predisposition variants support the idea that there are families that are at a high to moderate excess risk of cancer. To what extent there may be families that are protected from cancer is unknown. We wanted to test genetically whether cancer-free families share fewer breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer risk alleles than the population at large. We addressed this question by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 51 elderly cancer-free individuals whose numerous (ca. 1000) family members were found to be cancer-free (‘cancer-free families’, CFFs) based on face-to-face interviews. The average coverage of the 51 samples in the WGS was 42x. We compared cancer risk allele frequencies in cancer-free individuals with those in the general population available in public databases. The CFF members had fewer loss-of-function variants in suggested cancer predisposition genes compared to the ExAC data, and for high-risk cancer predisposition genes, no pathogenic variants were found in CFFs. For common low-penetrance breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer risk alleles, the results were not conclusive. The results suggest that, in line with twin and family studies, random environmental causes are so dominant that a clear demarcation of cancer-free populations using genetic data may not be feasible.

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