scholarly journals Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation and Restoration: The Role of Melatonin

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3480
Author(s):  
Clayton Vasey ◽  
Jennifer McBride ◽  
Kayla Penta
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Bright Light Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Disorder ◽  
Rhythm Disorder

Sleep is an essential component of overall human health but is so tightly regulated that when disrupted can cause or worsen certain ailments. An important part of this process is the presence of the well-known hormone, melatonin. This compound assists in the governing of sleep and circadian rhythms. Previous studies have postulated that dysregulation of melatonin rhythms is the driving force behind sleep and circadian disorders. A computer-aided search spanning the years of 2015–2020 using the search terms melatonin, circadian rhythm, disorder yielded 52 full text articles that were analyzed. We explored the mechanisms behind melatonin dysregulation and how it affects various disorders. Additionally, we examined associated therapeutic treatments including bright light therapy (BLT) and exogenous forms of melatonin. We found that over the past 5 years, melatonin has not been widely investigated in clinical studies thus there remains large gaps in its potential utilization as a therapy.

Use of bright light therapy for older adults with dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Lisa L. Onega ◽  
Thomas W. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Bright Light Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bright Light Exposure ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Disorders

SUMMARYBright light therapy is an accepted and commonly used treatment for seasonal affective and circadian rhythm disorders. In the past 20 years, researchers have examined the effectiveness of bright light therapy in improving depression and agitation in older adults with dementia. This article provides clinicians with a summary of the neurophysiology of bright light therapy, bright light research considerations, an evidence-based bright light protocol, problems related to bright light therapy, and clinical implications for bright light therapy in older adults with dementia. Bright light exposure is a safe, non-pharmacological treatment that is currently underutilised in this population. Clinicians may find bright light therapy beneficial as a primary or adjunctive treatment in reducing depression and agitation in older adults with dementia.

The Role of Bright Light Therapy in Managing Insomnia

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Lovato ◽  
Leon Lack
Keyword(s):  
Bright Light ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Bright Light Therapy

Diagnosis of sleep and circadian rhythm disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 1124-1136
Author(s):  
Kirstie Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Sleep Diaries ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Disorder ◽  
Rhythm Disorder

The diagnosis of sleep and circadian rhythm disorders provides a detailed framework to correctly diagnose the primary sleep disorders that a psychiatrist will see in daily practice, including common sleep-related movement disorders. This includes the specific sleep history, the role of sleep diaries, validated questionnaires, and how to interpret the scores and the role of both home and inpatient sleep studies (polysomnography). The most recent diagnostic criteria within the International Classification of Sleep Disorder, third edition (ICSD-3) are used for the four major categories of sleep disorder: hypersomnia, insomnia, parasomnia, and circadian rhythm disorder. Common sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), restless legs syndrome (RLS), narcolepsy, and both non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep parasomnia and rapid eye movement (REM) parasomnia are described. It is written for qualified specialist doctors.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Risk Factors on Delirium and Benefits of Noise and Light Modifications: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haleh Hashemighouchani ◽  
Julie Cupka ◽  
Jessica Lipori ◽  
Matthew M Ruppert ◽  
Elizabeth Ingersent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Quiet Time ◽  
Bright Light Therapy ◽  
Or Management ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTPurposeTo explore existing literature on the association between environmental risk factors with delirium and to investigate the effectiveness of environmental modifications on prevention or management of delirium.Materials and MethodsThis is a scoping review of peer-reviewed studies in Pubmed and the reference lists of reviewed articles. Observational studies reporting the effect of noise, light, and circadian rhythm on delirium and interventional studies assessing delirium in modified environments were reviewed.ResultsThirty eight studies were included, of which, 21 evaluated impact of environment on delirium, and 16 studied the interventions. Interventions targeted reducing noise exposure, improving light exposure to follow circadian rhythm, and promoting sleep. Mixed findings of the reviewed studies yielded to inconclusive results; however quiet-time protocols, earplugs, and bright light therapy might benefit prevention, or management of delirium.ResultsThirty seven studies were included, 21 of which evaluated the impact of environment on delirium and 16 studied possible solutions to mitigate those impacts. Mixed findings of the reviewed studies yielded inconclusive results; a clearly delineated association between high noise levels, abnormal amounts of light exposure, and sleep disruption with delirium could not be established. Interventions targeted reducing noise exposure, improving day-time and mitigating night-time light exposure to follow circadian rhythm, and promoting sleep. The overall evidence supporting effectiveness of environmental interventions was also of a low confidence; however, quiet-time protocols, earplugs, and bright light therapy showed a benefit for prevention or management of delirium.ConclusionEnvironmental modifications are non-invasive, risk-free, and low-cost strategies that may be beneficial in preventing and managing delirium, especially when used as part of a multi-component plan. However, given the limited evidence-based conclusions, further high-quality and larger studies focusing on environmental modifications and delirium outcomes are strongly recommended.

Bright Light Therapy Protects Women from Circadian Rhythm Desynchronization During Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel B. Neikrug ◽  
Michelle Rissling ◽  
Vera Trofimenko ◽  
Lianqi Liu ◽  
Loki Natarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Bright Light Therapy

scholarly journals Bright Light Therapy in Parkinson's Disease: An Overview of the Background and Evidence

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Rutten ◽  
Chris Vriend ◽  
Odile A. van den Heuvel ◽  
Jan H. Smit ◽  
Henk W. Berendse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Bright Light Therapy ◽  
Positive Effect

Sleep disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and seem to be strongly associated with depression. It has been suggested that sleep disorders as well as depression are caused by a disturbed circadian rhythm. Indeed, PD patients are prone to misalignment of their circadian rhythm due to various factors, and many patients with PD display a phase advance of their circadian rhythm. Current treatment options for sleep disorders and depression in patients with PD are limited and can have serious side effects; alternative treatments are therefore badly needed. Bright light therapy (BLT) restores circadian rhythmicity effectively in mood- and sleep-disturbed patients without PD. The few studies that focused on the efficacy of BLT in patients with PD demonstrated a positive effect of BLT not only on sleep and mood but also on motor function. More research on the neurobiology and efficacy of BLT in PD is warranted.

scholarly journals Circadian Rhythm Disruption and Alzheimer’s Disease: The Dynamics of a Vicious Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Sharma ◽  
Gautam Sethi ◽  
Murtaza M. Tambuwala ◽  
Alaa A. A. Aljabali ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Chellappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Clock Proteins

: All mammalian cells exhibit circadian rhythm in cellular metabolism and energetics. Autonomous cellular clocks are modulated by various pathways that are essential for robust time keeping. In addition to the canonical transcriptional translational feedback loop, several new pathways of circadian timekeeping - non-transcriptional oscillations, post-translational modifications, epigenetics and cellular signaling in the circadian clock - have been identified. The physiology of circadian rhythm is expansive, and its link to the neurodegeneration is multifactorial. Circadian rhythm disruption is prevelant in contamporary society where light-noise, shift-work, and transmeridian travel are commonplace, and is also reported from the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Circadian alignment by bright light therapy in conjunction with chronobiotics is beneficial for treating sundowning syndrome and other cognitive symptoms in advanced AD patients. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the clinical and translational reports to review the physiology of the circadian clock, delineate its dysfunction in AD, and unravel the dynamics of the vicious cycle between two pathologies. The review delineates the role of putative targets like clock proteins PER, CLOCK, BMAL1, ROR, and clock-controlled proteins like AVP, SIRT1, FOXO, and PK2 towards future approaches for management of AD. Furthermore, the role of circadian rhythm disruption in aging is delineated.

Morning bright light therapy: a helpful tool for reducing comorbid symptoms of affective and behavioral dysregulation in juvenile depressed inpatients? A pilot trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bogen ◽  
Tanja Legenbauer ◽  
Stephanie Gest ◽  
Martin Holtmann
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Bright Light Therapy ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Behavioral Dysregulation ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Circadian Effect ◽  
Dysregulation Profile

Abstract. Objective: In recent years, bright light therapy (BLT) has been used to treat depression and to stabilize circadian rhythms. In this study we evaluated whether it is also helpful for comorbid symptoms of affective and behavioral dysregulation in depressive inpatients. Method: This article reports a secondary analysis comparing two subgroups of depressive participants with comorbid affective and behavioral dysregulation, captured with the dysregulation-profile of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-DP; n = 16 vs. n = 11). Participants were randomly allocated to active BLT (10,000 lux) or control BLT (approx. 100 lux), and received 45 minutes of BLT for 2 weeks. SDQ-DP scores, sleep parameters, and circadian preference were assessed at baseline, after the intervention, and 3 weeks later. Results: No direct effects on SDQ-DP scores were observed. Sleep improved in both conditions. Only in the active BLT condition was a circadian phase advance found. Correlation and regression analyses indicated an indirect, circadian effect for improved SDQ-DP scores. Conclusions: The data of this pilot trial should be considered preliminary and merely descriptive. Further research is warranted.


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