scholarly journals AMPK Activity: A Primary Target for Diabetes Prevention with Therapeutic Phytochemicals

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4050
Author(s):  
Min-Yu Chung ◽  
Hyo-Kyoung Choi ◽  
Jin-Taek Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathways ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Ampk Activity ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome characterized by inadequate blood glucose control and is associated with reduced quality of life and various complications, significantly shortening life expectancy. Natural phytochemicals found in plants have been traditionally used as medicines for the prevention of chronic diseases including diabetes in East Asia since ancient times. Many of these phytochemicals have been characterized as having few side effects, and scientific research into the mechanisms of action responsible has accumulated mounting evidence for their efficacy. These compounds, which may help to prevent metabolic syndrome disorders including diabetes, act through relevant intracellular signaling pathways. In this review, we examine the anti-diabetic efficacy of several compounds and extracts derived from medicinal plants, with a focus on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity.

scholarly journals AMPK Function in Mammalian Spermatozoa

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3293 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Martin-Hidalgo ◽  
Ana Hurtado de Llera ◽  
Violeta Calle-Guisado ◽  
Lauro Gonzalez-Fernandez ◽  
Luis Garcia-Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Techniques ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathways ◽  
Ampk Activity ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Mammalian Spermatozoa

AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK regulates cellular energy by controlling metabolism through the inhibition of anabolic pathways and the simultaneous stimulation of catabolic pathways. Given its central regulator role in cell metabolism, AMPK activity and its regulation have been the focus of relevant investigations, although only a few studies have focused on the AMPK function in the control of spermatozoa’s ability to fertilize. This review summarizes the known cellular roles of AMPK that have been identified in mammalian spermatozoa. The involvement of AMPK activity is described in terms of the main physiological functions of mature spermatozoa, particularly in the regulation of suitable sperm motility adapted to the fluctuating extracellular medium, maintenance of the integrity of sperm membranes, and the mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, the intracellular signaling pathways leading to AMPK activation in mammalian spermatozoa are reviewed. We also discuss the role of AMPK in assisted reproduction techniques, particularly during semen cryopreservation and preservation (at 17 °C). Finally, we reinforce the idea of AMPK as a key signaling kinase in spermatozoa that acts as an essential linker/bridge between metabolism energy and sperm’s ability to fertilize.

scholarly journals New Frontiers in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1475-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Jin Hwang ◽  
Irene M. Ghobrial ◽  
Kenneth C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathways ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Responses

Recent leaps in elucidating the biology of myeloma, particularly the intracellular pathways and the complex interaction with the bone marrow microenvironment, have resulted in an unprecedented surge of novel, targeted therapies and therapeutic regimens. There are currently over 30 new agents being tested in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Many of these are novel, targeted agents that have demonstrated significant efficacy and prolonged survival. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms of action of novel therapies being tested in the preclinical and clinical settings in MM. These include agents that act directly on the intracellular signaling pathways, cell maintenance processes, and cell surface receptors. Finally, we present the clinical responses to some of these agents when used alone or in combination in clinical trials of patients with MM. Indeed, MM has become a model disease for the development of novel, therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Regulation of Triglyceride Metabolism II. Function of mitochondrial GPAT1 in the regulation of triacylglycerol biosynthesis and insulin action

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (5) ◽  
pp. G1195-G1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria R. Gonzalez-Baró ◽  
Tal M. Lewin ◽  
Rosalind A. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane ◽  
Reciprocal Regulation ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathways ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Resistance ◽  
Triacylglycerol Synthesis ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1

GPAT1, one of four known glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase isoforms, is located on the mitochondrial outer membrane, allowing reciprocal regulation with carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1. GPAT1 is upregulated transcriptionally by insulin and SREBP-1c and downregulated acutely by AMP-activated protein kinase, consistent with a role in triacylglycerol synthesis. Knockout and overexpression studies suggest that GPAT1 is critical for the development of hepatic steatosis and that steatosis initiated by overexpression of GPAT1 causes hepatic, and perhaps also peripheral, insulin resistance. Future questions include the function of GPAT1 in relation to the other GPAT isoforms and whether the lipid intermediates synthesized by GPAT and downstream enzymes in the pathway of glycerolipid biosynthesis participate in intracellular signaling pathways.

ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND COMORBIDITY (REVIEW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Irina Agababyan ◽  
◽  
Shukhrat Ziyadullaev ◽  
Jamshid Ismailov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Today, hypertension is considered by many authors within the framework of the manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. It has been established that in persons with hypertension in 60% of cases, various variants of MS are found. In addition, hypertension is a factor that reduces the quality of life of patients, especially those with comorbid pathology

MALIGNANT TUMORS ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME: THE EXPRESSION PROFILE OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND GROWTH FACTORS

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-823
Author(s):  
Natalya Yunusova ◽  
Irina Kondakova ◽  
Sergey Afanasev ◽  
Larisa Kolomiets ◽  
Alena Chernyshova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cell Motility ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Incidence

The study of the pathogenetic features of malignant tumors associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) is relevant because of high incidence of these tumors. Investigations of the mechanisms of involvement of MS in the pathogenesis of cancer reasonably supplemented by the study of transcription and growth factors associated with energy imbalance of the cell and involved in proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell motility and inflammation. More research is needed to identify the most promising molecular targets for therapy of malignant tumors associated with MS with a view to increasing the survival and quality of life of these patients.

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