scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Selected Gut Bacteria Abundance and Fecal pH in Bodybuilders Eating High-Protein Diet and More Sedentary Controls

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4093
Author(s):  
Joanna Szurkowska ◽  
Jakub Wiącek ◽  
Konstantinos Laparidis ◽  
Joanna Karolkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Fecal Ph

Bodybuilders tend to overeat their daily protein needs. The purpose of a high-protein diet is to support post-workout recovery and skeletal muscle growth; however, its exact impact on gut microbiota still remains under investigation. The aim of this study was to assess the differences in selected gut bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium spp., and Bacteroides spp.) abundance and fecal pH between the group of amateur bodybuilders and more sedentary control group. In total, 26 young healthy men took part in the study, and their daily nutrients intake was measured using a dietary interview. Real-time PCR was used to assess the stool bacteria abundance. Both groups reported fiber intake within the recommended range, but bodybuilders consumed significantly more protein (33.6% ± 6.5% vs. 22% ± 6.3%) and less fat (27.6% ± 18.9% vs. 36.4% ± 10%) than controls. Study results showed no significant differences in terms of selected intestinal bacteria colony forming unit counts. Significantly higher fecal pH in the bodybuilders’ fecal samples was observed in comparison to the control group 6.9 ± 0.7 vs. 6.2 ± 0.7. Gut microbiota composition similarities could be a result of appropriate fiber intake in both groups.

scholarly journals Measurement of the Intestinal pH in Mice under Various Conditions Reveals Alkalization Induced by Antibiotics

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Kouki Shimizu ◽  
Issei Seiki ◽  
Yoshiyuki Goto ◽  
Takeshi Murata
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
The Stability

The intestinal pH can greatly influence the stability and absorption of oral drugs. Therefore, knowledge of intestinal pH is necessary to understand the conditions for drug delivery. This has previously been measured in humans and rats. However, information on intestinal pH in mice is insufficient despite these animals being used often in preclinical testing. In this study, 72 female ICR mice housed in SPF (specific pathogen-free) conditions were separated into nine groups to determine the intestinal pH under conditions that might cause pH fluctuations, including high-protein diet, ageing, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment, several antibiotic treatment regimens and germ-free mice. pH was measured in samples collected from the ileum, cecum and colon, and compared to control animals. An electrode, 3 mm in diameter, enabled accurate pH measurements with a small amount of gastrointestinal content. Consequently, the pH values in the cecum and colon were increased by high-protein diet, and the pH in the ileum was decreased by PPI. Drastic alkalization was induced by antibiotics, especially in the cecum and colon. The alkalized pH values in germ-free mice suggested that the reduction in the intestinal bacteria caused by antibiotics led to alkalization. Alkalization of the intestinal pH caused by antibiotic treatment was verified in mice. We need further investigations in clinical settings to check whether the same phenomena occur in patients.

scholarly journals 136HIGH PROTEIN DIET INHIBITS INNER CELL MASS FORMATION AND INCREASES APOPTOSIS IN MOUSE BLASTOCYSTS DEVELOPED IN VIVO BY INCREASING THE LEVELS OF AMMONIUM IN THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Gardner ◽  
K.S. Stilley ◽  
M. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oviduct Fluid ◽  
Mass Formation

Ammonium is known to adversely affect the development of mouse embryos in culture. Specifically, ammonium has been found to impair inner cell (ICM) mass formation, increase apoptosis, retard fetal development following embryo transfer and induce exencephaly. Significantly, high protein diets in cattle lead to reduced fecundity. This has been linked to elevated urea levels within fluid of the female tract. In this study we have determined the effects of a high protein diet for mice on the levels of ammonium within the female tract and the effects of such a diet on the development and viability of blastocysts developed in vivo. Outbred mice (CF1) were fed a diet of either 25% (high protein) or 14% (control) protein for 4 weeks. Females were superovulated and mated to males of the same strain. In 24 mice, oviduct fluid was collected at 22h post hCG. Ammonium in the oviduct fluid was then quantitated fluorometrically. From other animals, blastocysts were flushed 92h post hCG and analyzed. Blastocyst differentiation and apoptotic indices were determined. Values are mean±SEM. Data were analysed using Student’s t-test. The levels of ammonium in the oviduct were significantly higher (P<0.01) in females fed the high protein diet (356±43μM) compared to the control (68±13μM) (n=12 in each group). Blastocysts (n=139) from females fed the high protein diet had significantly lower total (43.4±1.1; P<0.05) and ICM cell numbers (12.7±0.4; P<0.01), compared to the control group (46.8±0.9 and 15.4±0.4 respectively; n=124). Furthermore, blastocysts from animals fed a high protein diet had a significantly higher apoptotic index (8.7±1.4; P<0.01) compared to the control group (2.0±0.5). These data show that consumption of a high protein diet results in the excess accumulation of ammonium in the fluid of the female reproductive tract of mice. These high levels of ammonium subsequently impair the formation of the fetal progenitor cells and increase cell death at the blastocyst stage. These data from in vivo-developed mouse blastocysts are similar to those for blastocysts developed in culture in the presence of 300μM ammonium. Therefore, it is not advisable to maintain mice on a high protein diet. These data have significant implications for animal breeding, and for patients attempting IVF treatment.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HIGH PROTEIN DIET IN ACTIVITY OF ANTIOXIDANTS AND LEVEL OF INFLAMMATION ON SPRINT ATHLETE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Sri Wahjunia ◽  
Soetanto Hartono
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariate Technique ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Photo Camera ◽  
Laboratory Examinations

This study aims to analyze the effect of a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet to increase the level of antioxidant, decrease inflammation and improve performance of athlete. The research was carried out by experimental research methods, within the design of "Randomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design".A sample was taken from 20 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 30 teenage athletes in PASI East Java sprints. The Data were collected by measuring the sprint results by finish photo camera and laboratory examinations to determine the levels of antioxidants (SOD) and the inflammation degree (TNF α)in blood. The data were analyzed using multivariate technique (Manova) Hotelling's method (T2). Hypothesis testing using α0.05. The results and conclusions of the study stated that the normal diet had no effect on the variables of sprint running speed, SOD and TNF-α levels. While low-carbohydrate and high-protein diet can increase SOD levels of 211.44 /gHb, reduce (TNF α) at least 0.309 pg/ml, and the average increase in antioxidant activity caused by low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet is 24,989 / gHb higher than normal diet, the decrease in the degree of inflammation is 0.196 pg/ml, however, it has no effect on the speed of sprint.

scholarly journals Effect of high protein diet in activity of antioxidants and level of inflammation on sprint athlete

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Endang Sri Wahjuni ◽  
Soetanto Hartono
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariate Technique ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Photo Camera ◽  
Laboratory Examinations

This study aims to analyze the effect of a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet to increase the level of antioxidant, decrease inflammation and improve performance of athlete. The research was carried out by experimental research methods, within the design of “Randomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design”. A sample was taken from 20 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 30 teenage athletes in PASI East Java sprints. The Data were collected by measuring the sprint results by finish photo camera and laboratory examinations to determine the levels of antioxidants (SOD) and the inflammation degree (TNF-α) in blood. The data were analyzed using multivariate technique (Manova) Hotelling’s method (T2). Hypothesis testing using α = 0.05. The results and conclusions of the study stated that the normal diet had no effect on the variables of sprint running speed, SOD and TNF-α levels. While low-carbohydrate and high-protein diet can increase SOD levels of 211.44/gHb, reduce (TNF-α) at least 0.309 pg/ml, and the average increase in antioxidant activity caused by low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet is 24.989/gHb higher than normal diet, the decrease in the degree of inflammation is 0.196 pg/ml, however, it has no effect on the speed of sprint.

Effects on muscle of dieting with or without exercise in overweight postmenopausal women

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1365-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. Svendsen ◽  
M. Krotkiewski ◽  
C. Hassager ◽  
C. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Muscle Morphology

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an energy-restrictive, high-protein diet with or without exercise on muscle morphology and biochemistry. Moderately overweight postmenopausal women (49-58 yr, body mass index: 25-42 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to three groups for 12 wk of intervention; namely, a control group, a group on a 4.2 MJ/day diet, and a group on 4.2 MJ/day diet combined with aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Muscle morphology and biochemistry analysis were performed in 69 and 58 women, respectively. In contrast to the diet-only group, the die-plus- exercise group significantly increased the muscle fiber areas by 20-25%, the number of capillaries per muscle fiber type I by approximately 20%, and the activities of citrate synthase by approximately 35% and hexokinase by approximately 20% (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant changes in any other muscle variable (P < 0.05). The respiratory exchange ratio decreased in both intervention groups by 2-4% (P < 0.01). It is concluded that 12-wk period of an energy-restrictive high-protein diet was not associated with major changes in muscle morphology or biochemistry. The addition of exercise to the die led to an adaptive increase in muscle fiber areas and in the oxidative capacity of the muscles.

scholarly journals Paternal high protein diet modulates body composition, insulin sensitivity, epigenetics, and gut microbiota intergenerationally in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye Chleilat ◽  
Alana Schick ◽  
Julie M. Deleemans ◽  
Kyle Ma ◽  
Erna Alukic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet

scholarly journals Influence of high-protein diet on the functional ability of the liver in rats and correction possibilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 975-980
Author(s):  
O I Linetskaya ◽  
E A Nurgaleeva ◽  
E I Etkina ◽  
A A Fazylova ◽  
Z R Garipova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Aim. To study the changes of biochemical parameters of blood serum, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the large intestinal microbiota, the feces of prepubertal rats with a high-protein type of nutrition and following correction with the probiotic «Normobakt». Methods. To create a model, Wistar rats were used, who received a high-protein diet (35% of the total diet) for 7 weeks (group 1). The second group of laboratory animals received «Normobakt» preparation for 2 weeks. The control group was on a balanced diet. Biochemical parameters of blood serum were evaluated using an automatic biochemical analyzer СА-400 (Japan) with liquid stable diagnostic kits (Diasys, Germany). For bacteriological study, samples of feces and large intestine tissues of the laboratory animals were obtained. Results. In animals receiving a high protein diet, the biochemical parameters of blood serum were characterized by high levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, triglycerides compared to the control group, and by contrast, concentration of cholesterol and Apo-A1-protein was decreased. In the microflora of the large intestine and feces, the level of opportunistic microflora remained unchanged, levels of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were significantly lower than those of the control group. Correction with the «Normobakt» preparation led to a significant decrease of the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, total protein and glucose in the blood serum. Moreover, in microbiota of the large intestine and feces, the level of opportunistic microflora reduced to zero, but the concentration of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. significantly increased in comparison with the rat group without biotic correction. Conclusion. High-protein diet has a negative effect on the functional ability of the liver, causing an increase of aminotransferase activity, changes in cholesterol and protein metabolism, accompanied by changes of the intestine and feces microbiota; use of the drug «Normobakt» promotes normalization of the parameters; on the background of increasing levels of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. quantitative parameters of opportunistic microflora decrease.

scholarly journals Long Term Metabolic and Health Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat, High-Protein Diet in Mus musculus: A Nineteen Week Longitudinal Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Harris ◽  
Christopher Bell ◽  
Misty Retzlaff ◽  
Stephanie Toering ◽  
Elizabeth Wurdak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

This study was designed to investigate the long-term metabolic adaptations and health effects of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat/protein diet in mice. One-month-old male ICR mice were fed a control, conventional high-carbohydrate diet (n=21) or an experimental low-carbohydrate, high-fat, high-protein diet (n=20). One pair of mice per group was euthanized at two-week intervals for five months for tissue analysis. Basic metabolic data, body and tissue weights, blood and plasma metabolite and lipid profiles, liver glycogen and protein content, and liver serine dehydratase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were analyzed. The low-carbohydrate group gained significantly more weight (p<0.005 after 4 weeks) than the normally growing control group. Although ketosis was initially stimulated in the low-carbohydrate group, enzyme and tissue analysis suggest that gluconeogenic activity was sufficient to alleviate the effects of severe dietary carbohydrate restriction and allow for glucose metabolism close to that demonstrated in the control group.

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