scholarly journals Diet Quality of Australian Children and Adolescents on Weekdays versus Weekend Days: A Secondary Analysis of the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011–2012

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4128
Author(s):  
Dimity C. Dutch ◽  
Rebecca K. Golley ◽  
Brittany J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Discretionary Choices ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Survey ◽  
Parent Proxy

Daily routines may influence children and adolescents’ eating patterns, however the influence of days of the week on dietary intake has rarely been explored. This study aimed to examine discretionary choices intake in the context of diet quality on weekdays versus weekends. A secondary analysis was conducted using the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011–2012. Differences in discretionary choices intake and diet quality on weekdays versus weekends, were examined using ANCOVA analyses. Associations between child and parent-proxy characteristics and weekday/weekend discretionary choices intake were examined using multivariable regression models. Primary analyses included 2584 Australian 2–17-year-olds. There were small differences in discretionary choices intake and diet quality between weekdays and weekends in all age subgroups. Compared to weekdays, intakes on weekends were characterized by a higher intake of discretionary choices, and lower total Dietary Guidelines Index for Children and Adolescents (DGI-CA) scores across the age subgroups (all p < 0.01). Parent-proxy discretionary choices intake and child age were predictors of weekday and weekend discretionary choices intake. Parent-proxy obesity weight status compared with healthy weight status was a predictor of weekend intake, while parent-proxy education level was a predictor of weekday discretionary choices intake. Future intervention strategies should target discretionary choices intake on both weekdays and weekends.

scholarly journals School-Based Interventions Targeting Nutrition and Physical Activity, and Body Weight Status of African Children: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodosia Adom ◽  
Anniza De Villiers ◽  
Thandi Puoane ◽  
André Pascal Kengne
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
African Children ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity

Background: Overweight/obesity is an emerging health concern among African children. The aim of this study was to summarise available evidence from school-based interventions that focused on improving nutrition and physical activity knowledge, attitude, and behaviours, and weight status of children aged 6–15 years in the African context. Methods: Multiple databases were searched for studies evaluating school-based interventions of African origin that involved diet alone, physical activity alone, or multicomponent interventions, for at least 12 weeks in duration, reporting changes in either diet, physical activity, or body composition, and published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2018. No language restrictions were applied. Relevant data from eligible studies were extracted. Narrative synthesis was used to analyse and describe the data. Results: This systematic review included nine interventions comprising 10 studies. Studies were conducted among 9957 children and adolescents in two African countries, namely South Africa and Tunisia, and were generally of low methodological quality. The sample size at baseline ranged from 28 to 4003 participants. Two interventions reported enrolling children from both urban and rural areas. The majority of the study participants were elementary or primary school children and adolescents in grades 4 to 6. Participants were between the ages of 12.4 and 13.5 years. All but one intervention targeted children of both sexes. Four studies were described as randomised control trials, while five were pre- and post-test quasi-experiments. Except for one study that involved the community as a secondary setting, all were primarily school-based studies. The duration of the interventions ranged from four months to three years. The interventions focused largely on weight-related behaviours, while a few targeted weight status. The results of the effectiveness of these interventions were inconsistent: three of five studies that evaluated weight status (body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, overweight/obesity prevalence), three of six studies that reported physical activity outcomes (number of sports activities, and physical activity duration ≥ 30 min for at least six days/week), and four of six reporting on nutrition-related outcomes (number meeting fruit and vegetable intake ≥ 5 times/day) found beneficial effects of the interventions. Conclusion: Given the dearth of studies and the inconsistent results, definite conclusions about the overall effectiveness and evidence could not be made. Nonetheless, this study has identified research gaps in the childhood obesity literature in Africa and strengthened the need for further studies, the findings of which would contribute valuable data and inform policy.

Eating frequency and weight status in Portuguese children aged 3–9 years: results from the cross-sectional National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 2793-2802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Vilela ◽  
Daniela Correia ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Andreia Oliveira ◽  
Duarte Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eating Frequency ◽  
Food Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Survey ◽  
Main Meals

AbstractObjective:To evaluate daily eating frequency (main meals and snacks) in relation to weight status in children aged 3–9 years, representative of the Portuguese population.Design:Cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was estimated as the mean of two non-consecutive days of food diaries, followed by face-to-face interviews. Weight and height were measured by trained observers. Eating occasions (EO) were defined by the children’s caregiver; an EO was considered separate if the time of consumption was different from other EO and it provided at least 209 kJ (50 kcal). Main meals defined as ‘breakfast’, ‘lunch’ and ‘dinner’ could be selected only once per day. The remaining EO were considered snacks. The association between eating frequency and overweight/obesity was evaluated through logistic regressions weighted for the population distribution.Setting:National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey of the Portuguese population, 2015–2016.Participants:Portuguese children aged 3–9 years with complete dietary data and anthropometric measurements (n 517).Results:Overall, the number of daily EO ranged from 3·5 to 11, and on average children had 5·7 daily EO. After adjustment for child’s sex, age and total energy intake, and considering only plausible energy intake reporters, having < 3 snacks/d was positively associated with being overweight/obese (OR = 1·98; 95 % CI 1·00, 3·90), compared with having ≥ 3 snacks/d.Conclusions:Lower daily frequency of EO was associated with increased odds of being overweight or obese in children. A higher eating frequency, maintaining the same energy intake, seems to contribute to a healthy body weight in children.

scholarly journals Association of Family Nutrition and Physical Activity with Preschooler’s Working Memory: A Cross-Sectional Study among Mexican Children

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Liliana Aguayo ◽  
Maria Pineros-Leano ◽  
Rifat B. Alam ◽  
Rosalba Aguirre-Pereyra ◽  
Andiara Schwingel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
Family Nutrition

Healthy eating and active lifestyles are associated with children’s healthy weight and cognitive development. This study examines whether family behaviors relevant for nutrition and activity levels are associated with children’s working memory, independent of their weight status. A convenience sample of child–caregiver dyads (n = 85 dyads) were recruited from a public preschool serving a low-income community in central Mexico. Caregivers reported the frequency of ten family behaviors using the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity screening tool. Children completed a test of their ability to recall four words after a 60-s distraction task, an assessment of working memory. Multiple linear regression models were used to test the association of children’s working memory with each family behavior, adjusting for children’s sex, age, mother’s age and education, and subjective social status and then also adjusting for children’s age- and sex-specific body mass index percentile (BMI-P) and covariates. Higher frequency of breakfast intake was significantly associated with working memory (β = 0.57, p = 0.013). This association was independent of children’s BMI-P. Other family behaviors (frequent family mealtimes, limiting screen time, and others) were not significantly associated with children’s working memory. Frequent breakfast intake could benefit young children’s working memory, regardless of their weight status. This association merits further investigation.

Consumption of avocado and associations with nutrient, food, and anthropometric measures in a representative survey of Australians: a secondary analysis of the 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Vivienne Guan ◽  
Elizabeth Neale ◽  
Yasmine Probst
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Monounsaturated Fats ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Survey

Abstract Avocados are a rich source of nutrients including monounsaturated fats, dietary fibre, potassium and magnesium, as well as phytochemicals. However, no epidemiological analysis for the associations between avocado consumption and participant anthropometric measures has been conducted in Australia. The present study aimed to perform a secondary analysis of the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) to quantify avocado consumption in the Australian population and explore the associations between avocado intakes, consumption of nutrients and food groups based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADGs) and anthropometric measurements. Usual avocado consumption in the 2011–2012 NNPAS was determined using the multiple source method regression model. The relationship between avocado consumption and intakes of key nutrients and food groups, and participant weight, BMI and waist circumference were examined using linear regression. Mean avocado intake was 2.56 (95% CI: 2.37, 2.75) grams per day with 15.9 % of Australians considered to be ‘avocado consumers’ (n=21,526,456 population size; n=12,153 observations). Greater consumption (g) of avocados was associated with significantly higher consumption of monounsaturated fats, polyunsaturated fats, dietary fibre, vitamin E, magnesium and potassium, as well as ‘whole grains’, ‘vegetables’, ‘fruit’ and ‘meat and alternatives’ food groups. Greater consumption (g) avocados was associated with significantly lower consumption of carbohydrates and discretionary foods. When adjusted for covariates, greater consumption of avocados was significantly associated with a lower body weight (p=0.034), BMI (p<0.001), and waist circumference (p<0.001). Avocados may be incorporated into an eating pattern, and may be beneficial in weight management.

scholarly journals The relevance of whole grain food definitions in estimation of whole grain intake: a secondary analysis of the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011–2012

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1307-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina R Kissock ◽  
Elizabeth P Neale ◽  
Eleanor J Beck
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Activity Survey

AbstractObjective:To determine the impacts of using a whole grain food definition on measurement of whole grain intake compared with calculation of total grams of intake irrespective of the source.Design:The Australian whole grain database was expanded to identify foods that comply with the Healthgrain whole grain food definition (≥30 % whole grains on a dry weight basis, whole grain ingredients exceeds refined grain and meeting accepted standards for healthy foods based on local regulations). Secondary analysis of the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) 2011–2012 dietary intake data included calculation of whole grain intakes based on intake from foods complying with the Healthgrain definition. These were compared with intake values where grams of whole grain in any food had been included.Setting:Australia.Participants:Australians (≥2 years) who participated in the NNPAS 2011–2012 (n 12 153).Results:Following expansion of the whole grain database, 214 of the 609 foods containing any amount of whole grain were compliant with the Healthgrain definition. Significant mean differences (all P < 0·05) of 2·84–6·25 g/d of whole grain intake (5·91–9·44 g/d energy adjusted) were found when applying the Healthgrain definition in comparison with values from foods containing any whole grain across all age groups.Conclusions:Application of a whole grain food definition has substantial impact on calculations of population whole grain intakes. While use of such definitions may prove beneficial in settings such as whole grain promotion, the underestimation of total intake may impact on identification of any associations between whole grain intake and health outcomes.

scholarly journals The food and nutrient intake of 5- to 12-year-old Australian children during school hours: a secondary analysis of the 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alexandra C Manson ◽  
Brittany J Johnson ◽  
Dorota Zarnowiecki ◽  
Rachel Sutherland ◽  
Rebecca K Golley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
School Food ◽  
Discretionary Choices ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Activity Survey

Abstract Objective: School food intake of Australian children is not comprehensively described in literature, with limited temporal, nationally representative data. Greater understanding of intake at school can inform school-based nutrition promotion. This study aimed to describe the dietary intake of primary-aged children during school hours and its contribution to daily intake. Design: This secondary analysis used nationally representative, cross-sectional data from the 2011 to 2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Dietary intake was assessed using validated 24-h dietary recalls on school days. Descriptive statistics were undertaken to determine energy, nutrients, food groups and food products consumed during school hours, as well as their contributions to total daily intake. Associations between school food intake and socio-demographic characteristics were explored. Setting: Australia. Participants: Seven hundred and ninety-five children aged 5–12 years. Results: Children consumed 37 % of their daily energy and 31–43 % of select nutrient intake during school hours, with discretionary choices contributing 44 % of school energy intake. Most children consumed less than one serve of vegetables, meat and alternatives or milk and alternatives during school hours. Commonly consumed products were discretionary choices (34 %, including biscuits, processed meat), bread (17 %) and fruit (12 %). There were limited associations with socio-economic position variables, apart from child age. Conclusions: Children’s diets were not aligned with national recommendations, with school food characterised by high intake of discretionary choices. These findings are consistent with previous Australian evidence and support transformation of the Australian school food system to better align school food consumption with recommendations.

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