scholarly journals Baseline Insulin Resistance Is a Determinant of the Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Response to Diets Differing in Saturated Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrate Contents

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4328
Author(s):  
Xiuzhi Wu ◽  
Michael A. Roussell ◽  
Alison M. Hill ◽  
Penny M. Kris-Etherton ◽  
Rosemary L. Walzem
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fractional Abundance ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Lipoprotein Response

Individual responses to diet vary but causes other than genetics are poorly understood. This study sought to determine whether baseline values of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was related to changes in small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL, i.e., LDL4, d = 1.044–1.063 g/mL) amounts quantified by isopycnic density profiling, in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects (n = 27) consuming one of three low saturated fatty acid (SFA) diets: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Beef in an Optimal Lean Diet (BOLD) and BOLD plus extra protein (BOLD+) when compared to a higher-SFA healthy American diet (HAD). The diets were consumed in random order for 5 wk, with 1 wk between diets. BOLD+ reduced fractional abundance (%) LDL4 (p < 0.05) relative to HAD, DASH and BOLD, and reductions in % LDL4 correlated with reductions in triglycerides (p = 0.044), total cholesterol (p = 0.014), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.004) and apolipoprotein B (p < 0.001). Responses to the four diets were similar (~12% decrease in % LDL4, p = 0.890) in the lower (<2.73 median) HOMA-IR subgroup but differed across diet conditions in the higher HOMA-IR subgroup (p = 0.013), in which % LDL4 was reduced with BOLD+ (−11%), was unchanged in BOLD and increased with the HAD (8%) and DASH (6%) diets (p < 0.05 for BOLD+ vs. HAD). Individual responses to diet interventions are influenced by presence and degree of insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR.

scholarly journals A Study of the Association Between IL-17 and HOMA-IR in Iraqi Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 491-498
Author(s):  
Khetam M. Abbas ◽  
Shakir .F. T. Alaaraji ◽  
Refif Sabih Al–Shawk
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Age Range

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the furthermost common form of DM which is identified by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and relative insulin deficiency. This study aims to detect the role of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in patients with T2DM compared with the healthy control and to investigate the relationship between IL-17 and insulin resistance. The study involved 50 Iraqi T2DM patients, randomly selected with an age range of 33-71 years .For the purpose of comparison, 30 Iraqi healthy persons with an age range of 33-71 years were also included. Patients and control groups were characterized in terms of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),fasting serum glucose (FSG) and lipid profile. The means of IL-17 (368.45 vs. 128.50 pg/ml), HOMA-IR (7.94vs. 2.14),FSG (152.82 vs. 81.53 mg/dl), fasting serum insulin (FSI) level (19.37 vs. 10.71 μIU/ml), Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL),and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) were significantly higher in T2DM patients as compared to controls. While, levels of Total Cholesterol (TC)and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)showed non-significant differences. In conclusion, IL-17 seems to play a significant role as a risk factor for the development of T2DM.Also, higher (HOMA-IR) gives rise to a hyperglycemic state and is a major risk factor for the development of T2DM.

scholarly journals Estimation of Serum Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile in Beta-thalassemia Major Patients and their Correlation with Iron Overload in Koya City

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Kochar K. Saleh ◽  
Saman R. Abdullah ◽  
Rukhosh E. Mekha
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

The current study focused on 43 patients who suffer from major beta-thalassemia at the hospital of shaheed Dr. Khaled in the Koya city. Out range, age of cases was 8.03 ± 4.0 and of controls was 7.81 ± 3.11 years. Our aim is to observe the prevalence of homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance and other physiological and biochemical changes in major beta-thalassemia. While we a significant changes confirm that serum glucose concentration was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls (P ≤ 0.01) and lipid abnormality occurs in beta-thalassemia major patients, which include high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), serum total cholesterol (TC), serum triglycerides (TG), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels compared with normal healthy controls. There was no significant difference between the serum insulin level of cases and controls (P = 0.214), the mean values of serum HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, TG, and VLDL in cases were 29.5 ± 7.8, 65.2 ± 1.9, 121.9 ± 36.7, 182.09 ± 43.1, and 26.47 ± 12.13 mg/dl, respectively. Moreover, the mean values of serum HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, TG, and VLDL in controls were 48.6 ± 4.2, 79.7 ± 14.5, 178.7 ± 14.6, 124.14 ± 12.1, and 23.52 ± 5.47 mg/dl, respectively. In conclusion, the results suggested that revealed that beta-thalassemia patients had hypertriglyceridemia, hypocholesterolemia, and low LDL-C, and HDL-C levels.

Low density lipoprotein particle size and risk factors of insulin resistance syndrome

2000 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yechiel Friedlander ◽  
Miriam Kidron ◽  
Muriel Caslake ◽  
Tracey Lamb ◽  
Michael McConnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Particle ◽  
Lipoprotein Particle Size

scholarly journals Macrophage LRP1 Promotes Diet-Induced Hepatic Inflammation and Metabolic Dysfunction by Modulating Wnt Signaling

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianaly T. Au ◽  
Mary Migliorini ◽  
Dudley K. Strickland ◽  
Selen C. Muratoglu
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Hepatic Inflammation ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor

Hepatic inflammation is associated with the development of insulin resistance, which can perpetuate the disease state and may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Despite recent advances, mechanisms linking hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance are still unclear. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic and signaling receptor that is highly expressed in macrophages, adipocytes, hepatocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells. To investigate the potential role of macrophage LRP1 in hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance, we conducted experiments using macrophage-specific LRP1-deficient mice (macLRP1−/−) generated on a low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR−/−) background and fed a Western diet. LDLR−/−; macLRP1−/− mice gained less body weight and had improved glucose tolerance compared to LDLR−/− mice. Livers from LDLR−/−; macLRP1−/− mice displayed lower levels of gene expression for several inflammatory cytokines, including Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl8, Ccr1, Ccr2, Cxcl9, and Tnf, and reduced phosphorylation of GSK3α and p38 MAPK proteins. Furthermore, LRP1-deficient peritoneal macrophages displayed altered cholesterol metabolism. Finally, circulating levels of sFRP-5, a potent anti-inflammatory adipokine that functions as a decoy receptor for Wnt5a, were elevated in LDLR−/−; macLRP1−/− mice. Surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed that sFRP-5 is a novel high affinity ligand for LRP1, revealing that LRP1 regulates levels of this inhibitor of Wnt5a-mediated signaling. Collectively, our results suggest that LRP1 expression in macrophages promotes hepatic inflammation and the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance by modulating Wnt signaling.

scholarly journals Pro-atherogenic lipid profile in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with concurrent insulin resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Olga Shvets ◽  
Olga Shevchenko ◽  
Zoriana Piskur ◽  
Hanna Stepanenko ◽  
Olha Pohorielova
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background. The problem of studying lipid metabolism in patients with tuberculosis is of interest to scientists around the world. The purpose of the study - to investigate lipid profile in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with concurrent insulin resistance. Materials and methods. Forty-one patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were examined. Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol level (TC), triglycerides (TG) level, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) were measured. Results. Group 1 - 26 patients with tuberculosis and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ˃ 2.7); Group 2 – 15 patients with tuberculosis without insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ˂ 2.7). Group 1 patients had severe course of TB with fever, severe fatigue and weakness, profuse sweating, weight loss, cough and shortness of breath. Median TC indices differed at significant level (p = 0.012): group 1 - 4.82 mmol/l, group 2 - 4.25 mmol/l. TG level was higher in group 1 patients - 1.32 mmol/l than in group 2 patients - 1.28 mmol/l. LDL cholesterol values were higher in group 1 patients - 3.2 mmol/l vs 2.5 mmol/l in group 2. The AI was higher in group1 (p = 0.005): 3.9 units against 2.8 units in group 2 patients. Conclusions. Insulin resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis patients was associated with severe course of the disease, severe clinical manifestations and impaired external respiration. Pro-atherogenic disorders of lipid metabolism in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with concurrent insulin resistance can be considered as the degree of endogenous intoxication.

Variability in Response to a Low-Fat, Low-Cholesterol Diet in Children with Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-929
Author(s):  
Eric S. Quivers ◽  
David J. Driscoll ◽  
Colleen D. Garvey ◽  
Ann M. Harris ◽  
Jay Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Cholesterol

The reduction of dietary cholesterol and fat lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and reduces risk of coronary heart disease in adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the individual variability of response of serum lipid and lipoprotein levels to a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet in children with elevated LDL-C levels. Thirty-two children (2 to 16 years of age) enrolled in a diet modification program, who had LDL-C levels of at least 110 mg/dL but normal triglyceride levels for their ages, were studied. Lipid levels and dietary nutrients were analyzed at the time of admission, and final assessments were made at least 3 months after entry. There was a significant correlation, for the group as a whole, between change in LDL-C concentration and change in grams of dietary saturated fat; however, there was marked individual variability in LDL-C response. There were no significant correlations between changes in LDL-C levels and changes in either total fat, polyunsaturated fat, or cholesterol intake. It is concluded that modest decreases in dietary saturated fat coincide with a lowering of LDL-C concentration, over a short term, in many children, but the degree of lowering varies considerably from one child to another. This variability is consistent with the concept that response of serum lipid levels to dietary changes is modified by genetic, metabolic, and other, as of yet, undefined variables.

scholarly journals Depression and cardiovascular risk—association among Beck Depression Inventory, PCSK9 levels and insulin resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Macchi ◽  
C. Favero ◽  
A. Ceresa ◽  
L. Vigna ◽  
D. M. Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Abstract Background Depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are among the most common causes of disability in high-income countries, depression being associated with a 30% increased risk of future CV events. Depression is twice as common in people with diabetes and is associated with a 60% rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes, an independent CVD risk factor. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a key regulator of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, has been related to a large number of CV risk factors, including insulin resistance. Aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of depression could affect PCSK9 levels in a population of obese subjects susceptible to depressive symptoms and how these changes may mediate a pre-diabetic risk. Results In 389 obese individuals, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was significantly associated with PCSK9 levels. For every one-unit increment in BDI-II score, PCSK9 rose by 1.85 ng/mL. Depression was associated also with the HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment index of insulin resistance), 11% of this effect operating indirectly via PCSK9. Conclusions This study indicates a possible mechanism linking depression and insulin resistance, a well-known CV risk factor, providing evidence for a significant role of PCSK9.

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