The Beneficial Effects of Astaxanthin on Glucose Metabolism and Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Prediabetes

Astaxanthin (ASTX) is an antioxidant agent. Recently, its use has been focused on the prevention of diabetes and atherosclerosis. We examined the effects of astaxanthin supplementation for 12 weeks on glucose metabolism, glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles and anthropometric indices in healthy volunteers including subjects with prediabetes with a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Methods: We enrolled 53 subjects who met our inclusion criteria and administered them with 12 mg astaxanthin or a placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Subsequently, their HbA1c levels, lipid profiles and biochemical parameters were determined. The participants also underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), vascular endothelial function test and measurement of the visceral fat area. Results: After astaxanthin supplementation for 12 weeks, glucose levels after 120 min in a 75 g OGTT significantly decreased compared to those before supplementation. Furthermore, the levels of HbA1c (5.64 ± 0.33 vs. 5.57 ± 0.39%, p < 0.05), apo E (4.43 ± 1.29 vs. 4.13 ± 1.24 mg/dL, p < 0.05) and malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (87.3 ± 28.6 vs. 76.3 ± 24.6 U/L, p < 0.05) were also reduced, whereas total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) levels were unaltered. The Matuda index, which is one of the parameters of insulin resistance, was improved in the ASTX group compared to that before supplementation. Conclusions: our results suggest that ASTX may have preventive effects against diabetes and atherosclerosis and may be a novel complementary treatment option for the prevention of diabetes in healthy volunteers, including subjects with prediabetes, without adverse effects.

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The Splenectomy Effects on Lipid Profile and Glucose Metabolism in the Major Thalassemia Patients

Journal of Nutrition and Food Security ◽

10.18502/jnfs.v6i1.5300 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zohreh Sajadi Hezaveh ◽

Mahsa Hadidi ◽

Farzad Shidfar

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Beta Thalassemia ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Low Density ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Background: Splenectomy is a common treatment for beta thalassemia. It not only eliminates many complications by reducing the need for blood transfusion, but also causes new complications that threaten the patients' health. The aim of this study was to determine if splenectomy could alter the lipid profile and glucose metabolism in beta thalassemia major patients. Methods: In this case-control study, 41 splenectomized and 42 non-splenectomized eligible beta thalassemia patients were selected from Zafar Thalassemia Clinic, Tehran, Iran. Anthropometric, demographic, and biochemical data were collected using standard methods. Physical activity and food intake were measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), respectively. Results: Demographic characteristics and dietary intake were not significantly different between the two groups. However, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/TG, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were significantly higher, but HDL-C was significantly lower in splenectomized patients (P < 0.05). Furthermore, fasting blood glucose (P < 0.39) and oral glucose tolerance test (P < 0.53) did not significantly differ between the two groups. Conclusions: Reduced activity of the reticuloendothelial system and reduced removal of cholesterol might be the reason for higher plasma lipid profile and greater risk of cardiovascular diseases in splenectomized patients. On the other hand, glucose metabolism was not affected by splenectomy in adult patients. To clarify this relationship, prospective studies are suggested.

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Markedly Increased Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein During Acute Phase in Childhood and Adolescent Nephrotic Syndrome

10.21203/rs.3.rs-55523/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Keisuke Sugimoto ◽

Kohei Miyazaki ◽

Takuji Enya ◽

Tomoki Miyazawa ◽

Yuichi Morimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nephrotic Syndrome ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Low Density ◽

Ldl Particles ◽

Initial Onset

Abstract Background: Hyperlipidemia is an important characteristic feature of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children. This study was conducted to examine the lipid profiles, including small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL-C), in childhood-onset NS.Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients diagnosed with initial-onset NS in childhood and adolescence. Study parameters included lipid profiles. The “alternative LDL window” comprises the number and sizes of LDL particles estimated according to non-HDL-C and TG levels.Results: A total of 39 patients were enrolled who exhibited markedly increased lipid abnormalities, including TC, TG, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels (TC, 409.7 TC, TG, and sizes of LDL particles estimated as non-HDL-C, 332.3). Of the 39 patients, 32 (82%) were categorized in the area of hyper-TG/-non-HDL levels, which is considered as sdLDL. A positive correlation was found between non-HDL-C and TC (r = 0.96, P < 0.001), TG (r = 0.38, P = 0.018), LDL-C (r = 0.84, P < 0.001), TC/HDL (r = 0.53, P < 0.001), and atherogenic index of plasma (r = 0.42, P = 0.008).Conclusions: Our study demonstrated markedly increased lipid profiles during the acute phase of NS. Evaluation of lipid profiles using the “alternative LDL window” may help understand the state of hyperlipidemia in NS.

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Evaluation of lipid profiles and hematological parameters in hypertensive patients: Laboratory-based cross-sectional study

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312118756663 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 205031211875666 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Alemu Gebrie ◽

Natesan Gnanasekaran ◽

Menakath Menon ◽

Mekonnen Sisay ◽

Abriham Zegeye

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Low Density ◽

Blood Cell Count ◽

Hypertensive Patients

Introduction: Hypertension and dyslipidemia are the two coexisting and synergizing major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The cellular constituents of blood affect the volume and viscosity of blood, thus playing a key role in regulating blood pressure. Overweight and obesity are key determinants of adverse metabolic changes including an increase in blood pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate lipid profiles and hematological parameters in hypertensive patients at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: Laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 100 eligible hypertensive patients at the hospital. The required amount of blood was withdrawn from the patients by healthcare professionals for immediate automated laboratory analyses. Data were collected on socio-demographic factors, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and hematological parameters. Result: The mean serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein were significantly higher than their respective cut-off values in the hypertensive patients. Besides, 54%, 52%, 35%, and 11% of the hypertensive patients had abnormal low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein levels, respectively. Higher levels of low-density lipoprotein, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count were observed in the hypertensive patients whose blood pressure had been poorly controlled than the controlled ones ( p < 0.05). Waist circumference had a significant positive association with the serum levels of total cholesterol and white blood cell count ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Hypertensive patients had a high prevalence of lipid profile abnormalities and poorly controlled blood pressure which synergize in accelerating other cardiovascular diseases. Some hematological parameters such as red blood cell count are also increased as do the severity of hypertension.

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Long-term prognostic utility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) triglyceride in real-world patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes or prediabetes

Cardiovascular Diabetology ◽

10.1186/s12933-020-01125-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jing-Lu Jin ◽

Hui-Wen Zhang ◽

Ye-Xuan Cao ◽

Hui-Hui Liu ◽

Qi Hua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Real World ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density ◽

C Statistic ◽

Prognostic Utility ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Stable Cad

Abstract Background Recent guidelines highlighted the association between atherosclerosis and triglyceride-enriched lipoproteins in patients with impaired glucose metabolism. However, evidence from prospective studies for long-term prognostic utility of low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (LDL-TG) in real-world patients with prediabetes (Pre-DM) or diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) is currently not available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of LDL-TG on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with stable CAD under different glucose metabolism status. Methods A total of 4381 patients with CAD were consecutively enrolled and plasma LDL-TG level was measured by an automated homogeneous assay. They were categorized according to both status of glucose metabolism [DM, Pre-DM, normal glycaemia regulation (NGR)] and tertiles of LDL-TG. All subjects were followed up for the occurrence of MACEs. Results During a median of 5.1 (interquartile range 3.9 to 5.9) years’ follow-up, 507 (11.6%) MACEs occurred. Cubic spline models showed a significant association between LDL-TG and MACEs in DM and Pre-DM but not in NGR. When the combined effect of elevated LDL-TG and glucose disorders was considered for risk stratification, the medium tertile of LDL-TG plus DM, and the highest tertile of LDL-TG plus Pre-DM or plus DM subgroups were associated with significantly higher risk of MACEs after adjustment of confounders including triglyceride [hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals): 1.843 (1.149–2.955), 1.828 (1.165–2.867), 2.212 (1.396–3.507), all p < 0.05]. Moreover, adding LDL-TG into the original model increased the C-statistic from 0.687 to 0.704 (∆C-statistic = 0.016, p = 0.028) and from 0.734 to 0.749 (∆C-statistic = 0.014, p = 0.002) in Pre-DM and DM, respectively. Conclusions In this longitudinal cohort study on real-world practice, higher LDL-TG was associated with worse outcomes among Pre-DM and DM patients with stable CAD.

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The interaction of lipolysis products of very low density lipoprotein with plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL): perfusate HDL with plasma HDL subfractions

Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/o87-033 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 252-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. P. Tam ◽

W. C. Breckenridge

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Density ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density ◽

Hdl Subfractions ◽

Apo E

The nature of the interaction of high density lipoproteins (HDL), formed during lipolysis of human very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) by perfused rat heart, with subfractions of human plasma HDL was investigated. Perfusate HDL, containing apoliproproteins (apo) E, C-II, and C-III but no apo A-I or A-II, was incubated with a subfraction of HDL (HDL-A) containing apo A-I and A-II, but devoid of apo C-II, C-III, and E. The products of the incubation were resolved by heparin-Sepharose or hydroxylapatite chromatography under conditions which allowed the resolution of the initial HDL-A and perfusate HDL. The fractions were analyzed for apolipoprotein content and lipid composition and assessed for particle size by electron microscopy. Following the incubation, the apo-E-containing lipoproteins were distinct from perfusate HDL since they contained apo A-I as a major component and apo C-II and C-III in reduced proportions. However, the HDL-A fraction contained apo C-II and C-III as major constituents. Associated with these changes in apolipoprotein composition, the apo-E-rich lipoproteins acquired cholesteryl ester from the HDL-A fraction and lost phospholipid to the HDL-A fraction. The HDL-A fraction maintained a low unesterified cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio (0.23), while the apo-E-containing lipoproteins possessed a high ratio (0.75) characteristic of the perfusate HDL. The particle size of apo-E-containing lipoproteins (138.9 ± 22.5 Å; 1 Å = 0.1 nm) was larger than the initial HDL-A (126.5 ± 17.6 Å) or the new HDL-A-like fraction (120.9 ± 17.4 Å) obtained following incubation with perfusate HDL. It is concluded that incubation of perfusate HDL containing apo E, C-II, and C-III with plasma HDL subfractions results in the acquisition of apo A-I and cholesteryl esters by the apo-E-containing perfusate HDL and the loss of apo C-II, C-III, and phospholipid to the plasma HDL-A fraction. The process does not appear to be due to fusion of the particles, since the apo-E-containing lipoproteins maintain a cholesterol/phospholipid ratio distinct from the HDL-A fraction. The data provide evidence for a potential mechanism for the formation of HDL-E, an apo-E-containing lipoprotein of HDL size and density, through lipolysis of VLDL.

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A study on serum concentrations of oxidized low-density lipoprotein β2-glycoprotein I complex in patients with normal and dyslipidemic lipid profiles

Journal of Indian College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.jicc.2013.07.001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 159-162

Author(s):

Bomi Framroze ◽

Viral Shah

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Low Density ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Glycoprotein I

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The sites of degradation of rat high-density-lipoprotein apolipoprotein E specifically labelled with O-(4-diazo-3-[125I]iodobenzoyl)sucrose

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2260715 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 226 (3) ◽

pp. 715-721 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

F M Van't Hooft ◽

A Van Tol

Keyword(s):

Serum Proteins ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Density ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Low Density ◽

Serum Lipoproteins ◽

Rat Serum ◽

Apo E ◽

Fasted Rats

O-(4-Diazo-3-[125I]iodobenzoyl)sucrose ([125I]DIBS), a novel labelling compound specifically designed to study the catabolic sites of serum proteins [De Jong, Bouma, & Gruber (1981) Biochem. J. 198, 45-51], was applied to study the tissue sites of degradation of serum lipoproteins. [125I]DIBS-labelled apolipoproteins (apo) E and A-I, added in tracer amounts to rat serum, associate with high-density lipoproteins (HDL) just like conventionally iodinated apo E and A-I. No difference is observed between the serum decays of chromatographically isolated [125I]DIBS-labelled and conventionally iodinated HDL labelled specifically in either apo E or apo A-I. When these specifically labelled HDLs are injected into fasted rats, a substantial [125I]DIBS-dependent 125I accumulation occurs in the kidneys and in the liver. No [125I]DIBS-dependent accumulation is observed in the kidneys after injection of labelled asialofetuin or human low-density lipoprotein. It is concluded that the kidneys and the liver are important sites of catabolism of rat HDL apo E and A-I.

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