Correlation between Coral Reef Condition and the Diversity and Abundance of Fishes and Sea Urchins on an East African Coral Reef

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse marine ecosystems, providing numerous ecosystem services. This present study investigated the relationship between coral reef condition and the diversity and abundance of fishes, on a heavily fished East African coral reef at Gazi Bay, Kenya. Underwater visual censuses were conducted on thirty 50 × 5 m belt transects to assess the abundance and diversity of fishes. In parallel, a 25-m length of each of the same transects was recorded with photo-quadrats to assess coral community structure and benthic characteristics. For statistical analyses, multi-model inference based on the Akaike Information Criterion was used to evaluate the support for potential predictor variables of coral reef and fish diversity. We found that coral genus richness was negatively correlated with the abundance of macroalgae, whereas coral cover was positively correlated with both the abundance of herbivorous invertebrates (sea urchins) and with fish family richness. Similarly, fish family richness appeared mainly correlated with coral cover and invertebrate abundance, although no correlates of fish abundance could be identified. Coral and fish diversity were very low, but it appears that, contrary to some locations on the same coast, sea urchin abundance was not high enough to be having a negative influence on coral and fish assemblages. Due to increasing threats to coral reefs, it is important to understand the relationship among the components of the coral reef ecosystem on overfished reefs such as that at Gazi Bay.

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Hubungan Kepadatan Bulu Babi (Echinoidea) dan Tutupan Terumbu Karang pada Kawasan Intertidal Pantai Sanur

Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.24843/jmas.2017.v3.i02.134-141 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 134

Author(s):

Tiara Permata Sari ◽

Abd. Rahman As-syakur ◽

Yulianto Suteja ◽

Dwi Budi Wiyanto

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Intertidal Area ◽

Positive Direction ◽

Community Activities ◽

Cruise Tourism ◽

The Many ◽

The Relationship

Marine intertidal region is an area that is affected by the mainland. One of the ecosystems found in the intertidal area is the coral reef ecosystem. Urchin is one that lives on these ecosystems. Sanur Beach area has coral reefs and the intertidal zone is quite extensive. The many activities and cruise tourism in Sanur Beach will indirectly affect the life of coral reefs and associated animal in it in this case urchins. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship density of sea urchins and coral reefs cover percentage in the intertidal area on Sanur Beach. Research done during low tide. Coral reef data collection method and the density of sea urchins using 5x5m quadratic transects were analyzed using Pear Person bivariate correlations. Urchin densities ranging between 0-2.04 ind/m2. The percentage cover coral reefs ranged from 0.1- 17.9%. High and low density of sea urchins and the percentage of coral reefs affected allegedly incompatibility place their lives and because of pressure from community activities in Sanur. The density of sea urchins and the percentage of coral cover has a significant relationship with a strong degree of correlation is 0.79. Positive direction on that relationship means that the higher percentage of coral reefs, the higher density of sea urchins. This assume in which they live almost the same that is in need of a hard substrate and urchins use of coral reefs as a shelter.

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KONDISI IKAN KARANG FAMILI CHAETODONTIDAE DI DAERAH PERLINDUNGAN LAUT DESA BAHOI KECAMATAN LIKUPANG BARAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX ◽

10.35800/jip.2.3.2014.9121 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Jacqline Laikun ◽

Ari B Rondonuwu ◽

Unstain N.W.J. Rembet

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Reef Fish ◽

Marine Protected Areas ◽

Visual Census ◽

Fish Family ◽

Marine Life ◽

Reef Condition

The coral reefs are a sundry of marine life. Which one is reef fish in family Chaetodontidae. This fish is indicator of the coral reef condition. The aim from the research is : discover of spatial distribution of the reef fish family Chaetodontidae and find out of the intercourse of reef fish family Chaetodontidae with the coral reef presence based on growth of coral form. The research was do in the coral reef at Marine Protected Areas in Bahoi Village District of West Likupang North Minahasa Regency, on Tuesday, December 23rd, 2014. The research is using to do the surveying method. The data is collecting distribution of the fish Chaetodontidae (amount from species and individuals to using by technic visual census). The total of reef fish family Chaetodontidae those found in Marina Protected Areas in Bahoi Village is about 20 species, with total of the individuals at a depth of 3 meters and 10 meters is (56,66 and 57,33 individuals/150m2). Keywords : Coral reefs, Chaetodontidae, Bahoi ABSTRAK Terumbu karang merupakan tempat berbagai macam biota laut. Salah satu Ikan karang adalah ikan famili Chaetodontidae. Ikan ini merupakan ikan indikator terumbu karang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini : mengetahui kelimpahan dari ikan karang famili Chaetodontidae. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Daerah Perlindungan Laut Desa Bahoi Kecamatan Likupang Barat Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, pada hari selasa, tanggal 23 Desember 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah kelimpahan ikan Chaetodontidae (Jumlah spesies dan individu dengan menggunakan teknik sensus visual). Jumlah ikan karang famili Chaetodontidae yang di temukan di Daerah Perlindungan Laut Desa Bahoi berjumlah 20 spesies, dengan jumlah individu pada kedalaman 3 meter dan 10 meter berjumlah (56,66 individu/150m2 dan 57,33/150m2 individu). Kata kunci : Terumbu karang, Chaetodontidae, Bahoi 1Bagian dari skripsi 2Mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan FPIK-UNSRAT 3Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi

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Assessing the Condition of Coral Reefs and the Indicator Fish (Family: Chaetodontidae) in Coastal Waters of Jayapura City, Papua Province, Indonesia

European Journal of Ecology ◽

10.2478/eje-2019-0020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 126-132

Author(s):

Baigo Hamuna ◽

John Dominggus Kalor ◽

Adinda Intan Rachmadani

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Fish Species ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Good Condition ◽

Live Coral ◽

Visual Census ◽

Fish Family ◽

Reef Condition

Abstract The aim of this study was to find out the condition of coral reef coverage and the presence of Chaetodontidae fish in coastal waters of Jayapura City, Indonesia. The observation of coral reef coverage was performed using point intercept transect (PIT) method; meanwhile the observation of the presence of Chaetodontidae fish used visual census method. The result of this study described that coral reef condition in the study site was in severely damage (live coral 0%) in the DOK II site at 6 m depth, moderately damage (live coral 32.00% ± 2.13% to 42.00% ± 13.18%) in Kayu Pulo Island and the DOK II at 3 m depth, and good condition (live coral 56.00% ± 7.48% to 60.00% ± 5.55%) in the Tanjung Kayu Batu. There were 9 Chaetodontidae fish species from Chaetodon genus, Forcipiger genus, and Heniochus genus. The number of Chaetodontidae fish was 95, of which Heniochus acuminatus was the most dominant, as many as 46 individuals.

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Missing the Reef for the Corals: Unexpected Trends Between Coral Reef Condition and the Environment at the Ecosystem Scale

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.727038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eric J. Hochberg ◽

Michelle M. Gierach

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Global Climate ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Public Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Reef Condition

It is incontrovertible that many coral reefs are in various stages of decline and may be unable to withstand the effects of global climate change, jeopardizing vital ecosystem goods and services to hundreds of millions of people around the world. An estimated 50% of the world's corals have already been lost, and those remaining may be lost by 2030 under the “business as usual” CO2 emissions scenario. However, the foundation of these predictions is a surprisingly sparse dataset, wherein ~0.01–0.1% of the world's reef area has been quantitatively surveyed. Further, the available data comprise observations at the 1–10 m scale, which are not evenly spaced across reefs, but often clustered in areas representing focused survey effort. This impedes modeling and predicting the impact of a changing environment at the ecosystem scale. Here we highlight deficiencies in our current understanding of the relationship between coral reefs and their environments. Specifically, we conduct a meta-analysis using estimates of coral cover from a variety of local surveys, quantitatively relating reef condition to a suite of biogeophysical forcing parameters. We find that readily available public data for coral cover exhibit unexpected trends (e.g., a positive correlation between coral cover and multi-year cumulative thermal stress), contrary to prevailing scientific expectations. We illustrate a significant gap in our current understanding, and thereby prediction, of coral reefs at the ecosystem scale that can only be remedied with uniform, high-density data across vast coral reef regions, such as that from remote sensing.

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CORAL REEF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN WANGI-WANGI ISLAND WATERS, WAKATOBI

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.29244/jitkt.v7i1.9774 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

. Yulius ◽

Nadya Novianti ◽

Taslim Arifin ◽

Hadiwijaya L. Salim ◽

Muhammad Ramdhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Soft Coral ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Coastal Communities ◽

Marine Biota ◽

Ecological Functions ◽

Gis Tools ◽

Reef Condition

Coral reefs contribute significant benefits in coastal area in Wangi-wangi Island, Wakatobi in terms of their ecological functions to marine biota and socio-economical services to local coastal communities. Therefore, it is importance to observe coral reef condition and its spatial distribution around Wangi-wangi island waters, Wakatobi. In this study Point Intercept Transect (PIT) and GIS tools were used to observe and analyze coral reef condition in Wangi-wangi island waters, Wakatobi. The results showed that coral reef condition in Wangi-wangi island waters can be categorized into moderate and good conditions with coverage percentage ranging from 28 – 60%. Based on spatial analysis non-acropora coral was found in greater cover percentages in Waha village, Sombu village, and Kapota island than other locations. Soft coral cover percentage was also found in larger cover percentage in Waha and Sombu regions than other locations. Keywords: coral reefs, geographic information system (GIS), Wangi-wangi Island

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POPULATION CONDITIONS OF ECHINOIDEA AND CORAL REEF COVERS IN PONCAN GODANG ISLAND, SIBOLGA, NORTH SUMATERA

Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.31258/ajoas.4.2.112-116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 112-116

Author(s):

Nainul Adni ◽

Aras Mulyadi ◽

Thamrin Thamrin

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystem ◽

Transect Line ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽

North Sumatra ◽

Line Intercept

Poncan Godang Island is included in the appropriate category based on the suitability of land for the Sibolga tourist area, with the presence of tourism activities that can also affect the amount of biodiversity in it. Considering the importance of coral reefs for biodiversity and sea urchins which also have a role in coral reef ecosystems, it is necessary to conduct research on the condition of sea urchins population and the percentage of coral reefs on Poncan Godang Island. Sea urchin and coral reef data were collected using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method by monitoring directly on the transect line along 50 meters. The results obtained indicate that the population of sea urchins in the waters of Poncan Godang Island, North Sumatra can be described, that sea urchins do not affect the coral reef ecosystem because at stations 1 and 5 there is no sea urchin and the percentage of coral cover is classified as bad, but at station 3 there are 32 individuals with coral reef cover conditions, while at stations with The percentage of good coral cover is that at station 4 there are only 25 individuals, as well as at station 2 where the percentage of coral cover is higher than station 3 and there are no sea urchins

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Economic Value of Coral Reefs Damage in Negeri Hative Besar, Ambon City

Economic and Social of Fisheries and Marine ◽

10.21776/ub.ecsofim.2020.008.01.04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 008 (01) ◽

pp. 42-53

Author(s):

Eygner Gerald Talakua ◽

◽

Rinythanya Kristiani Noya ◽

Johanis Hiariey ◽

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

Local Community ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Economic Value ◽

Public Perceptions ◽

Survey Method ◽

Market Economic ◽

The Relationship

Coral reefs in Negeri Hative Besar, Ambon City are in a bad category or almost lost, where the percentage of coral cover is very small. One form of management for sustainability is to provide economic value for the damage to coral reefs. The purpose of this study was to assess community perceptions, analyze the relationship between perceptions and willingness to pay for repairing damage to coral reefs and to estimate the economic value of coral reef damage. This study uses a survey method. Data analysis consists of an analysis of public perceptions, analysis of the relationship between perceptions and WTP, and analysis of non-market economic valuations. The results showed that the community had knowledge about coral reefs, the benefits of coral reefs, and damage to coral reefs. There is no relationship between perceptions and willingness to pay the community for repairing damage to coral reefs in Negeri Hative Besar. The economic value of damage to coral reefs through a non-market approach in Negeri Hative Besar is IDR 1,188,332.66/month or IDR 14,259,991.95/year. Based on the economic value obtained, the management of coral reef damage in Negeri Hative Besar can be carried out through rehabilitation and coral transplantation activities with the involvement of the local community.

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CORAL REEF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN WANGI-WANGI ISLAND WATERS, WAKATOBI

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v7i1.9774 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

. Yulius ◽

Nadya Novianti ◽

Taslim Arifin ◽

Hadiwijaya L. Salim ◽

Muhammad Ramdhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Coral Reef ◽

Geographic Information System ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Soft Coral ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Coastal Communities ◽

Gis Tools ◽

Reef Condition

Coral reefs contribute significant benefits in coastal area in Wangi-wangi Island, Wakatobi in terms of their ecological functions to marine biota and socio-economical services to local coastal communities. Therefore, it is importance to observe coral reef condition and its spatial distribution around Wangi-wangi island waters, Wakatobi. In this study Point Intercept Transect (PIT) and GIS tools were used to observe and analyze coral reef condition in Wangi-wangi island waters, Wakatobi. The results showed that coral reef condition in Wangi-wangi island waters can be categorized into moderate and good conditions with coverage percentage ranging from 28 – 60%. Based on spatial analysis non-acropora coral was found in greater cover percentages in Waha village, Sombu village, and Kapota island than other locations. Soft coral cover percentage was also found in larger cover percentage in Waha and Sombu regions than other locations. Keywords: coral reefs, geographic information system (GIS), Wangi-wangi Island

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Coral reef condition in several dive points around Bunaken Island, North Sulawesi

AQUATIC SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT ◽

10.35800/jasm.0.0.2014.7306 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Robert Towoliu

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Good Condition ◽

Live Coral ◽

Core Zone ◽

Integrated Management System ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Live Coral Cover ◽

Reef Condition

In order to know the coral reef conditions at several diving points around Bunaken Island, three dive locations (Ron’s point, Lekuan, and Tawara) were chosen as representative locations receiving pressures from snorkeling and SCUBA diving activities, while core zone was representative of location for no diving and fishing activities. Results showed that location with diving activities had live coral cover ranging from 16.89% to 45.78% at 3 and 10m depths, with condition range of bad to moderate, while the location for no diving and fishing activities (core zone) had live coral cover of 55.03% at 3m and 58.15% at 10m, respectively, with good condition category. The present study indicated that the diving activities have affected the coral reef condition, so that a sustainable integrated management system is needed to use the marine ecotourism potency without degrading the coral reef condition in Bunaken Island. Untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang di beberapa lokasi penyelaman di Pulau Bunaken, tiga lokasi penyelaman(Ron’s point, Lekuan, dan Tawara) dipilih mewakili lokasi dengan tekanan aktivitas penyelaman snorkeling maupun SCUBA, sedangkan satu lokasi lainnya yaitu zona inti dipilih mewakili lokasi tanpa aktivitas penyelaman maupun aktivitas penangkapan ikan. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa lokasi dengan tekanan aktivitas penyelaman memiliki prosentase tutupan karang batu/hidup berkisar antara 16,89% - 45,78% pada kedalaman 3 dan 10m, dengan kategori kondisi terumbu karang buruk sampai cukup, sedangkan pada lokasi yang tidak memiliki aktivitas penyelaman memiliki prosentase tutupan karang batu/hidup sebesar 53,03% pada 3m dan 58,15% pada 10m dengan kategori kondisi terumbu karang adalah baik. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa aktivitas penyelaman snorkeling maupun SCUBA berdampak pada kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Bunaken, sehingga sangat diperlukan system pengelolaan yang terpadu dan berkesinambungan dalam memanfaatkan secara maksimal potensi ekowisata bahari tanpa merusak ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Bunaken.

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Status of Coral Reefs in the Water of Spermonde, Makassar, South Sulawesi

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202132403007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 324 ◽

pp. 03007

Author(s):

Ni Wayan Purnama Sari ◽

Rikoh Manogar Siringoringo ◽

Muhammad Abrar ◽

Risandi Dwirama Putra ◽

Raden Sutiadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Live Coral ◽

Health Index ◽

Point Count ◽

Live Coral Cover ◽

Reef Health ◽

Index Value

Observations of the condition of coral reefs have been carried out in Spermonde waters from 2015 to 2018. The method used in this observation uses Underwater Photo Transect (UPT), and the data obtained is analyzed using CPCe (Coral Point Count with Excel Extensions) software. The results show that the percentage of coral cover has increased from year to year. The percentage of live coral cover in 2015 was 19.64%, 23.60 in 2016, 23.72% in 2017, and 27.83% in 2018. The increase in live coral cover from year to year is thought to occur due to the availability of nutrients. or increasing public awareness, considering this location is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Makassar. Coral reef health index values can be used to classify coral reef health. Through the analysis of the coral reef health index, an index value of 4 was obtained, which means that the condition of the coral reefs is in the “moderate” category.

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