scholarly journals Status of Coral Reefs in the Water of Spermonde, Makassar, South Sulawesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Purnama Sari ◽  
Rikoh Manogar Siringoringo ◽  
Muhammad Abrar ◽  
Risandi Dwirama Putra ◽  
Raden Sutiadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Health Index ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Reef Health ◽  
Index Value

Observations of the condition of coral reefs have been carried out in Spermonde waters from 2015 to 2018. The method used in this observation uses Underwater Photo Transect (UPT), and the data obtained is analyzed using CPCe (Coral Point Count with Excel Extensions) software. The results show that the percentage of coral cover has increased from year to year. The percentage of live coral cover in 2015 was 19.64%, 23.60 in 2016, 23.72% in 2017, and 27.83% in 2018. The increase in live coral cover from year to year is thought to occur due to the availability of nutrients. or increasing public awareness, considering this location is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Makassar. Coral reef health index values can be used to classify coral reef health. Through the analysis of the coral reef health index, an index value of 4 was obtained, which means that the condition of the coral reefs is in the “moderate” category.

scholarly journals Penilaian Indeks Kesehatan Terumbu Karang di TWP Selat Bunga Laut, Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Suparno Suparno ◽  
Yempita Efendi ◽  
Arlius Arlius ◽  
Mas Eriza ◽  
Bukhari Bukhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Health Index ◽  
Visual Census ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Fish ◽  
Coral Health ◽  
Index Value

Coral reefs condition in the protected marine area at Selat Bunga has decreased every year.  The health of coral reefs is represented by coral index health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the coral reefs health index based on the condition of live coral cover, resilience level and condition of coral fish. Retrieval of coral reefs data using the Under Photo Transect Method and coral fish data collection using the Under Water Visual Census. The results of research at 9 research stations found that the average cover of live coral ranged from 1.40 - 44.68%, fleshy seaweed ranged from 0.13% - 12.87%, rubble ranged from 1.73 - 39.40%, and average total reef fish biomass ranged from 8.93 - 253.23 kg/ha. Coral reef health index values range between 3-6. Coral reefs health index of 67% of research stations is 3. The coral health index value 3 is indicated by a low percent live coral cover, a high resilience rate, and a low reef fish biomass.Kondisi terumbu karang di Kawasan Konservasi Taman Wisata Perairan (TWP) Selat Bunga Laut  telah mengalami penurunan setiap tahun.  Indeks kesehatan karang adalah nilai yang mengambarkan kesehatan karang antar lokasi penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis indeks kesehatan terumbu karang berdasarkan kondisi tutupan karang hidup,  tingkat resiliensi dan kondisi ikan karang.  Pengambilan data terumbu karang dengan metode Under Photo Transect dan pengambilan data ikan karang mengunakan Under Water Visual Census. Hasil penelitian di 9 stasiun penelitian didapatkan persen rata-rata tutupan karang hidup berkisar  1.40- 44.68 %, fleshy seaweed berkisar  0.13% - 12.87%, pecahan karang berkisar 1.73 –39.40 %, dan rata-rata total biomassa ikan karang berkisar 8.93 – 253.23 kg/ha. Nilai indeks kesehatan terumbu karang berkisar antara 3-6. Sebanyak  67% stasiun penelitian mempunyai indeks kesehatan terumbu karang dengan skala 3. Indeks kesehatan karang skala 3 ditunjukkan  oleh  persen tutupan karang  hidup yang rendah, tingkat resiliensi yang tinggi dan biomassa ikan yang rendah.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of Coral Reef Conditions in Marine Park and Coral Reef Education Centre Plan Area, Seribu Islands National Park, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hermansyah Hermansyah ◽  
Tatang Mitra Setia ◽  
Cipto Utomo ◽  
Annastasya Rahma Ramadhani ◽  
Sabihis Sabihis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
National Park ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Marine Park ◽  
Index Value

Marine waters surrounding Child-friendly Integrated Public Spaces (RPTRA) at Tanjung Elang still has the potential for highly productive coral reef resources, thus enabling the development of ecological-based tourism, education and conservation. Despite the potential, the coral reefs in the surrounding of  RPTRA Tanjung Elang has suffered damage caused by anthropogenic activities and natural factors. The aim of this research is to assess the initial condition of coral reef at the location of   marine park areal and coral reef education center plan, RPTRA Tanjung Elang Waters, Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands National Park, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. This research used Underwater Photo Transect/UPT method were analyzed using CPCe 4.1. software (Coral Point Count with Excel extension). The results of physico-chemical parameters measurements showed that water quality in RPTRA Tanjung Elang Waters Pramuka Island, is still within tolerance limits for coral life. The percentage of live coral cover was in a bad category with a low value (5.35%). The most dominant form of coral growth was submassive (CS) with a percentage value 54.46%. Composition of hard coral genusis consists of 3 family, 5 genus, and 100 species.The most dominant of Porites was with submassive and massive growth form. The index value of diversity shows a low category (0.56). The dominance index value showed a medium category (0.75). Uniformity and mortality index value showed a low category (0.35 and 0.43).

scholarly journals STUDI EKOLOGI OSEANOGRAFI TELUK MANADO UNTUK PENENTUAN STRUKTUR ARTIFICIAL CORAL GARDEN DAN AREA MANGROVE SEBAGAI DESTINASI WISATA BARU

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Oktavianus Lintong ◽  
Dannie R S Oroh ◽  
Easter Ch. M. Tulung
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Gas Station ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ecological conditions of mangrove ecosystems in the Manado Bay and analyze the suitability of the mangrove ecosystems as a new tourist destination, examine the oceanographic conditions in the Manado Bay area, study the data on the development of coral reef ecosystems to be able to produce artificial coral reefs and produce mangrove areas and coral reefs artificial as a new tourist destination. This research was conducted in April - September 2019 with the location of Manado Bay and the location of the Manado Bay coral reef ecosystem survey set at 3 sample points, equipped with 3 points in front of the BOBOCA Malalayang monument, in front of the Malalayang gas station and ANTRA Sario. Retrieval of coral reef data is by using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. LIT observations were carried out with SCUBA diving at a depth of 6m. Observations were made by recording coral lifeforms found along the transect line, and calculating the percentage of the selection. The data taken is the percentage of dead coral cover, live coral, and type of life form, diversity index taken at 3 sample points. From field observations found on Site 2 (Front of Malalayang gas station) the condition of coral reefs is included in the good category, with the percentage of live coral cover (Hard Coral) of 55%. At this station found various types of coral growth, but the highest at this station is a form of growth of Coral Masive (CM) of 19.2%, while the least found were corals in the form of Coral Mushrooms (Mushroom Coral) with a percentage of 0.4 %. Then Site 3, namely in ANTRA Sario obtained from coral reefs is included in the bad category, with the percentage of live coral cover (Hard Coral) only 7.1%. Coral Diversity in the three survey stations is different. Of the three stations determined above the Tugu Boboca Malalayang site with an index value of 2.54, followed at site 2 namely the Malalayang gas station with an index value of 2.36 and the lowest at site 3 at ANTRA Sario with an index value of 1.33. Furthermore, oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of Manado region are seen in the receding period, most of the air moves westward at the beginning of the period, then moves northeastward in the next period. While in the tide period the water moves northward, starting the period and then it is seen moving northeast and at the end of the period, the east direction.Key words : Coral reef, Oceanographic condition

scholarly journals OVERVIEW OF THE SUCCESSFUL CORAL REEF MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Suharsono
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
The World

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, composed of 18,110 islands with a coastline of 108,900 km long, extending some 5000 km long and 2000 km wide located between Asia and Australia. Coral reefs have important meaning and value for the coastal communities in term of economic, social, and cultural conditions. About 1.5 million people are traditional fishermen who live in subsistence level and depend on their lives fully on coral reefs' resources. The Indonesian coral reef contributed 14% of the world, distributed unevenly from Sabang to Merauke with the highest concentration around Sulawesi and Maluku. The species richness and the biodiversity of the Indonesian corals amounted to 590 species belonging to 82 genera or about 80% of the currently existing coral species in the world. Monitoring program has been done from 1993 to 2010 and it shows the trend of improvement in the term of live coral cover. The condition of coral reefs in Indonesia taken from 84 locations and 1048 sites were 50.54% in excellent condition, 26.72% in good condition, 37.21% in fair condition, and 30.82% in bad condition. Improving trends in live coral cover across all project sites shows that the live coral covers has increased in all monitored sites across all project districts with average yearly live coral coverage increase is about 2-5%. The National Policy, Strategy, and Action Plan was established, with its main objective of managing the coral reef ecosystems based on the balance between conservation and utilization, and it was reflected in the Law No. 27 of 2007 concerning coastal management and small islands. The most remarkable result of the program is community awareness, namely the decrease of fishing activities shows that the destructive fishing activities in all project district are now non-existent of at a minimal level. A special text books on marine lives for elementary, secondary, and high school is the most widely adopted by local education service as a book of local content. Whereas institutional strengthening program constitutes the most difficult, energy and time consuming activities. It is due to the rivaly between the local institution and the lac of officials' and the communities' knowledge on the conservation based management principle.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF COREMAP PHASE 2 IN THE EASTERN INDONESIA BASED ON THE CHANGES IN CORAL COVERAGE

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Giyanto
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
The Government

COREMAP (Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program) is a long-term program initiated by the Government of Indonesia to enhance the welfare of the coastal communities by protecting, rehabilitating, and achieving sustainable use of the Indonesian coral reefs and their associated ecosystems. COREMAP is three phases planned program. The first phase was launched in 1998 and finished in 2004. Phase 2 began in 2006 and ended in 2011. The last phase has started since the end of 2014 and will finish in 2019. One of the performance indicators of COREMAP phase 2 (COREMAP 2) was a significant improvement of live coral cover in 80% of all sampling sites. The aims of this study are to find out and evaluate the trend of live coral cover during COREMAP 2. Annual monitoring of coral reefs was conducted in all sites of COREMAP 2 in the eastern Indonesia. Those sites were: Pangkep, Selayar, Buton, Wakatobi, Sikka, Biak Numfor and Raja Ampat. Permanent transects were applied at each site. Life-form of benthic data including hard corals was collected using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method and surveyed using SCUBA diving equipment. The result indicates that all sites, except Biak Numfor, demonstrate improvement in live coral cover during COREMAP 2. In contrast, live coral cover in Biak Numfor shows a decline due primarily to storm damage, destruction by bombs, some bleaching, and predation by Acanthaster planci. An increase in live coral covers in six out of seven sites during COREMAP 2indicates that the activities of COREMAP 2 (e.g. public awareness, community-based MCS, alternative livelihood) has a positive impact on the management of coral reefs in the Eastern of Indonesia.

scholarly journals Coral Reef Conditions of Hogow and Dakokayu Islands Southeast Minahasa Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Billy N. Ompi ◽  
Unstain N.W.J. Rembet ◽  
Ari B. Rondonuwu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Line Intercept

This research objective was to determine the condition of Coral Reef ecosystems in Dakokayu and Hogow Islands, Southeast Minahasa Regency. The method that has been used in this studies that is Line Intercept Transect (LIT) by diving activities at 5 meter and 10 meters depth with 50 meters transect length. Each biota passed by the line transect recorded according based on shape of growth.Coral Reefs conditon in Hogow Island in 5 meters and 10 meters depth were categorized as a “Good” where the percentage of live coral cover in 5 meters depth is 70.12% and in 10 meters depth  is 55.78%. The condition of Coral Reefs on Dokokayu Island at a depth of 5 meters is categorized “Good” with the percentage of live coral cover is 56.32% while in the 10 meters depth it is categorized as “Medium” with the percentage of live coral cover is 48.10%. Water quality parameters such as temperature, salinity, brightness, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) are within the range of tolerance for Coral Reefs to survive.Keywords: Condition, Coral Reef, Hogow, DokokayuABSTRAKTujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Dakokayu dan Pulau Hogow, Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara.  Metode yang telah digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Line Intercept Transek (LIT) dengan melakukan penyelaman pada kedalaman 5 dan 10 meter dengan panjang transek 50 meter.  Setiap biota yang dilewati transek akan dicatat menurut bentuk pertumbuhannya. Secara umum, kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Hogow pada kedalaman 5 meter dan 10 meter, dikategorikan Baik dimana persentasi tutupan karang hidup pada kedalaman 5 meter sebesar 70,12% dan pada kedalaman 10 meter sebesar 55,78%.  Kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Dokokayu pada kedalaman 5 meter dikategorikan Baik  dengan persentase tutupan karang hidup 56,32% sedangkan di kedalaman 10 meter dikategorikan  Sedang  dengan persentase tutupan karang hidup 48,10 %. Parameter kualitas perairan seperti suhu, salinitas, kecerahan, pH, dan oksigen terlarut (DO) berada dalam kisaran toleransi bagi terumbu karang untuk dapat bertahan hidup.Kata Kunci : Kondisi, Terumbu Karang, Hogow, Dokokayu

scholarly journals INVENTARIZATION OF CORAL REEFS IN THE WATERS OF RAKATA ISLAND, KRAKATAU ISLANDS

AQUASAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
M Husien Ferdiansyah ◽  
Endang Linirin Widiastuti ◽  
Teguh Ismail ◽  
Gregorius Nugroho Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Living Coral ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Line Intercept

Abstrak Indonesia is an ideal place for coral growth because of the tropical climate. Rakata Island is included in the Krakatau Islands Nature Reserve and Marine Reserve area which is influenced by the volcanic activity of son of Krakatau Archipelago and human activities. Both of these activities will affect the growth of coral reefs. The purpose of this study was to determine the current condition of coral reefs and the diversity of living coral forms on Rakata Island. Collecting data for analysis of coral reef cover using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method was parallel to the coastline of Rakata Island at two points. The percentage of live coral cover from points I and II at a depth of 5 meters was 50.69% and 33.80% classified as in good and moderate conditions respectively. While the percentage of live coral cover at a depth of 10 meters at points I and II were 41.90 % and 16.01% whice were in moderate and poor conditions. The coral reefs mostly found in point I were leaf corals (CF) namely Turbinaria reniformis and Turbinaria frondens, while in point II were massive corals (CM) were found i.e. Goniastrea edwardsi, Favia pallida, Montastrea valenciennesi, Favites abdita, Astreopora listeria, and Favites complanata.

scholarly journals Impact of El Niño 2015-2016 on the coral reefs of the Pacific of Costa Rica: the potential role of marine protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (S1) ◽  
pp. S271-S282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Alvarado ◽  
Celeste Sánchez-Noguera ◽  
Gustavo Arias-Godínez ◽  
Tatiana Araya ◽  
Cindy Fernández-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
El Niño Event ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: El Niño 2015-2016 was considered one of the most severe worldwide, causing the third global event of coral bleaching. Previous high-intensity El Niño events (1982-83 and 1997-98) caused high coral mortalities and deterioration of coral reef structures along the Eastern Tropical Pacific, affecting both ecosystem and associated economical activities. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the most recent El Niño event on coral reefs from Cocos Island and the Pacific coast of southern Costa Rica. Methods: Coral reefs were surveyed before (2013-2014) and after (2016) the disturbance, using underwater visual censuses within belt transects, to quantify the bottom coverage at different depths. Results: In general, average live coral cover decreased 50% after the 2015-2016 El Niño event, with Golfo Dulce being the most affected area with 75% of live coral cover decline. However, in certain localities such as Isla del Coco and Isla del Caño, the effects of El Niño were apparently minimal, since no substantial loss of live coral cover was detected. Differences in the level of deterioration found between coral reefs could be related to several factors, including the age of the protected area, the distance to centers of human population, and the effectiveness in the application of management strategies. Conclusions: The synergistic impact of the 2015-16 El Niño event and other stressors (e.g. illegal fishing and unregulated coastal human development) increased the levels of disturbance on coral reefs, threatening their structure and functioning. It is necessary to strengthen conservation strategies in order to improve the resilience of coral reefs to the impact of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Concrete actions such as coral reef restoration, marine environmental education, and marine spatial planning must become important tools to maintain the good health of coral reefs and ensure the sustainability of the goods and services provided by these ecosystems.

Coral reef condition in several dive points around Bunaken Island, North Sulawesi

2014 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Robert Towoliu
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Core Zone ◽  
Integrated Management System ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
Reef Condition

In order to know the coral reef conditions at several diving points around Bunaken Island, three dive locations (Ron’s point, Lekuan, and Tawara) were chosen as representative locations receiving pressures from snorkeling and SCUBA diving activities, while  core zone was representative of location for  no diving and fishing activities.  Results showed that location with diving activities had live coral cover  ranging from 16.89% to 45.78% at 3 and 10m depths, with condition range of bad to moderate, while the location for no diving and fishing activities (core zone) had live coral cover of 55.03% at 3m and 58.15% at 10m, respectively,  with good condition category.  The present study indicated that the diving activities have affected the coral reef condition, so that a sustainable integrated management system is needed to use the marine ecotourism potency without degrading the coral reef condition in Bunaken Island. Untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang di beberapa lokasi penyelaman di Pulau Bunaken, tiga lokasi penyelaman(Ron’s point, Lekuan, dan Tawara) dipilih mewakili lokasi dengan tekanan aktivitas penyelaman snorkeling maupun SCUBA, sedangkan satu lokasi lainnya yaitu zona inti dipilih mewakili lokasi tanpa aktivitas penyelaman maupun aktivitas penangkapan ikan.  Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa lokasi dengan tekanan aktivitas penyelaman memiliki prosentase tutupan karang batu/hidup berkisar antara 16,89% - 45,78% pada kedalaman 3 dan 10m, dengan kategori kondisi terumbu karang buruk sampai cukup, sedangkan pada lokasi yang tidak memiliki aktivitas penyelaman memiliki prosentase tutupan karang batu/hidup sebesar 53,03% pada 3m dan 58,15% pada 10m dengan kategori kondisi terumbu karang adalah baik.  Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa aktivitas penyelaman snorkeling maupun SCUBA berdampak pada kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Bunaken, sehingga sangat diperlukan system pengelolaan yang terpadu dan berkesinambungan dalam memanfaatkan secara maksimal potensi ekowisata bahari tanpa merusak ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Bunaken.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman dan Biomassa Ikan Karang serta Keterkaitannya dengan Tutupan Karang Hidup di Perairan Manggis, Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
I Made Raditya Putra ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Putra Dirgayusa ◽  
Elok Faiqoh
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Living Coral ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Live Coral Cover

The existence of coral reef fish is closely related to the availability of coral reef resource as a habitat. Coral reef fish is a biota that has a fascination with a variety of color patterns and fascinating. Differences in coral cover conditions will affect the abundance of coral reef fish, especially those with strong linkages to living corals. This research was conducted in June - August 2017 by using line intercept transect (LIT) method for coral cover percentage and visual census method for biodiversity and biomass of coral reef fish with 3 research stations in Manggis waters, Karangasem. From the research results, it shows that the diversity index ranged between 2.54 - 2.70 which means the diversity of coral reef fish in the medium category and the stability of the community is in the medium. Furthermore, total biomass of coral reef fish ranged between 186,17 - 1692,08 kg / ha. The results stated that the percentage of live coral cover in Manggis waters ranged from 3.83% to 12.44% which means that live coral cover is categorized as bad. A very strong positive correlation between living coral conditions and coral reef fish biomass was 92.42%. Meanwhile, the relationship between living coral conditions and the diversity of coral reef fish had a strong positive correlation of 65.4%. The diversity of coral reef fish in waters is not only caused by live coral cover; however, it is caused by coral reef ecosystems that are associated in the bottom of the waters.

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