scholarly journals Exploring Cosmic Matter in the Laboratory—The Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment at FAIR

Particles ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-510
Author(s):  
Peter Senger
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Neutron Star ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Quantum Chromo Dynamics ◽  
The Core ◽  
Compressed Baryonic Matter ◽  
Chemical Potentials ◽  
Massive Neutron Star ◽  
Density Equation

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is one of four scientific pillars of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. In collisions between heavy nuclei at FAIR energies, it is expected that the matter in the reaction zone is compressed to more than five times saturation density, corresponding to the density in the core of a massive neutron star. This offers the unique opportunity to study in the laboratory the high-density equation-of-state (EOS) of nuclear matter, and to search for new phases of Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD) matter at large baryon-chemical potentials. Promising experimental observables sensitive to the EOS and to possible phase transitions will be discussed, together with a brief description of the CBM experiment.

scholarly journals Astrophysics in the Laboratory—The CBM Experiment at FAIR

Particles ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-335
Author(s):  
Peter Senger
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Quantum Chromo Dynamics ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Physics Program ◽  
Supernova Explosions ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Density Equation ◽  
The Universe

The future “Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research” (FAIR) is an accelerator-based international center for fundamental and applied research, which presently is under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. An important part of the program is devoted to questions related to astrophysics, including the origin of elements in the universe and the properties of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions, which are relevant for our understanding of the structure of neutron stars and the dynamics of supernova explosions and neutron star mergers. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR is designed to measure promising observables in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, which are expected to be sensitive to the high-density equation-of-state (EOS) of nuclear matter and to new phases of Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD) matter at high densities. The CBM physics program, the relevant observables and the experimental setup will be discussed.

The compressed baryonic matter experiment at FAIR

Open Physics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Senger
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Lepton Pairs ◽  
Chiral Phase ◽  
Qcd Phase Diagram ◽  
Compressed Baryonic Matter ◽  
Large Acceptance

AbstractThe Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment will be one of the major scientific pillars of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt. The goal of the CBM research program is to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high baryon densities using high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. This includes the study of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter at high densities, and the search for the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions. The CBM detector is designed to measure both bulk observables with large acceptance and rare diagnostic probes such as charmed particles and vector mesons decaying into lepton pairs.

Effect of hyperon coupling constants on the properties of the massive neutron star PSR J0348+0432

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1950144
Author(s):  
Xian-Feng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Star ◽  
Potential Field ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Particle Number Density ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Repulsive Interaction ◽  
Relativistic Mean Field ◽  
Chemical Potentials ◽  
Massive Neutron Star ◽  
Field Strengths

The relativistic mean field (RMF) theory is used to examine the effect of the meson-[Formula: see text] coupling constants on the properties of the neutron star (NS) PSR J0348+0432 when the hyperon potential of [Formula: see text] is fixed. It is found that the greater the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the stronger the repulsive interaction. The potential field strengths of mesons [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and the chemical potentials of neutron n and electron e increase, whereas the potential field strengths of mesons [Formula: see text] decrease with the increase of the meson-[Formula: see text] coupling constants. It is also found that the relative particle number density of neutron [Formula: see text] and hyperon [Formula: see text] in the NS PSR J0348+0432 increase, whereas that of hyperon [Formula: see text] decrease as the meson-[Formula: see text] coupling constants increase. In our calculations, hyperon [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] all do not appear. Our results show that the meson-[Formula: see text] coupling constants cannot be uniquely determined as the hyperon-potential of [Formula: see text] is determined. Therefore, the related properties of NS cannot be uniquely determined only by the determined hyperon potential of [Formula: see text].

scholarly journals Upgrading the Baryonic Matter at the Nuclotron Experiment at NICA for Studies of Dense Nuclear Matter

Particles ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-490
Author(s):  
Peter Senger ◽  
Dmitrii Dementev ◽  
Johann Heuser ◽  
Mikhail Kapishin ◽  
Evgeny Lavrik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Star ◽  
Nuclear Matter ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Density ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Dense Nuclear Matter ◽  
Density Equation

The Nuclotron at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna can deliver gold beams with kinetic energies between 2 and 4.5 A GeV. In heavy-ion collisions at these energies, it is expected that the nuclear fireball will be compressed by up to approximately four times the saturation density. This offers the opportunity to study the high-density equation-of-state (EOS) of nuclear matter in the laboratory, which is needed for our understanding of the structure of neutron stars and the dynamics of neutron star mergers. The Baryonic Matter at the Nuclotron (BM@N) experiment will be upgraded to perform multi-differential measurements of hadrons including (multi-) strange hyperons, which are promising probes of the high-density EOS, and of new phases of quantum chromodynamic (QCD) matter. The layout of the upgraded BM@N experiment and the results of feasibility studies are presented.

scholarly journals Probing Dense QCD Matter: Muon Measurements with the CBM Experiment at FAIR

Particles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Anna Senger ◽  
Peter Senger
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
High Density ◽  
Streaming Data ◽  
Qcd Phase Diagram ◽  
Chemical Potentials ◽  
Muon Pairs ◽  
Caloric Curve ◽  
Density Equation

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt is designed to investigate the properties of high-density QCD matter with multi-differential measurements of hadrons and leptons, including rare probes such as multi-strange anti-hyperons and charmed particles. The research program covers the study of the high-density equation-of-state of nuclear matter and the exploration of the QCD phase diagram at large baryon chemical potentials, including the search for quark matter and the critical endpoint of a hypothetical 1st order phase transition. The CBM setup comprises detector systems for the identification of charged hadrons, electrons, and muons; for the determination of collision centrality and the orientation of the reaction plane; and a free-streaming data read-out and acquisition system, which allows online reconstruction and selection of events up to reaction rates of 10 MHz. In this article, emphasis is placed on the measurement of muon pairs in Au-Au collisions at FAIR beam energies, which are unique probes used to determine the temperature of the fireball, and hence to search for a caloric curve of QCD matter. Simultaneously, the subthreshold production of charmonium can be studied via its dimuon decay in order to shed light on the microscopic structure of QCD matter at high baryon densities. The CBM setup with focus on dimuon measurements and the results of the corresponding physics performance studies will be presented.

scholarly journals Use of thermodynamic chemical potential diagrams (µCaO, µCO2) to understand the weathering of cement by a slightly carbonated water

Cerâmica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (331) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Blandine ◽  
G. Bernard ◽  
B. Essaïd
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Continuous Solid Solution ◽  
The Core ◽  
Chemical Potentials ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Cement System ◽  
Calcium Silicates ◽  
Hydrated Calcium

Cement is a ubiquitous material that may suffer hazardous weathering. The chemical weathering of cement in natural environment is mostly characterized by the leaching of CaO and the addition of CO2. The different weathering zones that develop at the expense of the cement may be predicted by the help of chemical potential phase diagrams; these diagrams simulate the behaviour of systems open to some chemical elements. Some components have a so-called inert status, that is to say the system is closed for these components, their amount in the system remains constant; some other components have a mobile status, that is to say these components can be exchanged with the outside of the system, their amount can vary from one sample zone to another. The mobile components are represented in the model by their chemical potentials (linked to their concentrations) that are variable in the external environment. The main features of the weathering of a cement system open to CaO and CO2 are predicted in a phase diagram with µCaO et µCO2 as diagram axes. From core to rim, one observes the disappearance of portlandite, ettringite and calcium monosulfoaluminate, the precipitation of calcite and amorphous silica, the modification of the composition of the CSH minerals (hydrated calcium silicates) that see a decrease of their c/s ratio (CaO/SiO2) from the core to the rim of the sample. For the CSH minerals, we have separated their continuous solid solution into three compositions defined by different CaO/SiO2 ratios and called phases 1, 2 and 3: CaO = 0.8, 1.1, 1.8 respectively for one mole of SiO2 knowing that H2O varies in the three compositions.

scholarly journals Neutron star properties and the equation of state for the core

2017 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. A119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Zdunik ◽  
M. Fortin ◽  
P. Haensel
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Star ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
The Core

scholarly journals Nuclear equation of state and neutron star cooling

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeunhwan Lim ◽  
Chang Ho Hyun ◽  
Chang-Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Star ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Neutron Stars ◽  
Nuclear Matter ◽  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Nuclear Equation Of State ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dense Nuclear Matter ◽  
Nuclear Models

In this paper, we investigate the cooling of neutron stars with relativistic and nonrelativistic models of dense nuclear matter. We focus on the effects of uncertainties originated from the nuclear models, the composition of elements in the envelope region, and the formation of superfluidity in the core and the crust of neutron stars. Discovery of [Formula: see text] neutron stars PSR J1614−2230 and PSR J0343[Formula: see text]0432 has triggered the revival of stiff nuclear equation of state at high densities. In the meantime, observation of a neutron star in Cassiopeia A for more than 10 years has provided us with very accurate data for the thermal evolution of neutron stars. Both mass and temperature of neutron stars depend critically on the equation of state of nuclear matter, so we first search for nuclear models that satisfy the constraints from mass and temperature simultaneously within a reasonable range. With selected models, we explore the effects of element composition in the envelope region, and the existence of superfluidity in the core and the crust of neutron stars. Due to uncertainty in the composition of particles in the envelope region, we obtain a range of cooling curves that can cover substantial region of observation data.

scholarly journals Anomalous thermodynamics and phase transitions in neutron star matter

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ducoin ◽  
K. H. O. Hasnaoui ◽  
P. Napolitani ◽  
Ph. Chomaz ◽  
F. Gulminelli
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Neutron Star ◽  
Neutron Star Matter
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