scholarly journals Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection among Laboratory Rabbits in China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Chunnan Liang ◽  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
Ji Wang ◽  
Rui Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Research Personnel ◽  
Rna Quantification ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Bile Samples

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is zoonotic and the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Rabbit HEV can infect humans and is prevalent globally. It is reported that laboratory rabbits are also naturally infected with HEV. Therefore, it is important to investigate in a large scale the prevalence of HEV in laboratory rabbits. Serum samples were collected from 649 laboratory rabbits of 13 different commercial vendors in Beijing, China, from 2017 to 2019, and anti-HEV and HEV antigen (Ag) were tested. Fecal samples were collected from 50 laboratory rabbits from one of the vendors for HEV RNA detection. Six laboratory rabbits with natural HEV infection were euthanized and their liver, kidney, bile and urine samples were collected for HEV RNA quantification. Liver tissues were subjected to histopathology analysis. The overall positive rates of anti-HEV antibodies and HEV-Ag are 2.6% (15/588) and 7.9% (51/649), respectively. HEV RNA was detected in 12.0% (6/50) of the rabbits. High viral load of HEV RNA was detected in liver and bile samples. Liver inflammation was observed. HEV is circulating in laboratory rabbit population in China. Strict screening is crucial to ensure experimental accuracy and prevent zoonotic transmission to research personnel.

scholarly journals Nine-Year Nationwide Environmental Surveillance of Hepatitis E Virus in Urban Wastewaters in Italy (2011–2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Iaconelli ◽  
Giusy Bonanno Ferraro ◽  
Pamela Mancini ◽  
Elisabetta Suffredini ◽  
Carolina Veneri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Surveillance Period ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging causative agent of acute hepatitis worldwide. To provide insights into the epidemiology of HEV in Italy, a large-scale investigation was conducted into urban sewage over nine years (2011–2019), collecting 1374 sewage samples from 48 wastewater treatment plants located in all the 20 regions of Italy. Broadly reactive primers targeting the ORF1 and ORF2 regions were used for the detection and typing of HEV, followed by Sanger and next generation sequencing (NGS). Real-time RT-qPCR was also used to attempt quantification of positive samples. HEV RNA detection occurred in 74 urban sewage samples (5.4%), with a statistically significant higher frequency (7.1%) in central Italy. Fifty-six samples were characterized as G3 strains and 18 as G1. While the detection of G3 strains occurred in all the surveillance period, G1 strains were mainly detected in 2011–2012, and never in 2017–2019. Typing was achieved in 2 samples (3f subtype). Viral concentrations in quantifiable samples ranged from 1.2 × 103 g.c./L to 2.8 × 104 g.c./L. Our results suggest the considerable circulation of the virus in the Italian population, despite a relatively small number of notified cases, a higher occurrence in central Italy, and a noteworthy predominance of G3 strains.

Serological and molecular studies on subclinical hepatitis E virus infection using periodic serum samples obtained from healthy individuals

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Mitsui ◽  
Yukie Tsukamoto ◽  
Shigeru Suzuki ◽  
Chikao Yamazaki ◽  
Kazuo Masuko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Molecular Studies

Detection and characterisation of hepatitis E virus in naturally infected swine in Croatia

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Lipej ◽  
Dinko Novosel ◽  
Lea Vojta ◽  
Besi Roić ◽  
Miljenko Šimpraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
Bile Samples

Hepatitis E is a viral zoonotic disease infecting swine worldwide. Since pigs represent a likely animal reservoir for the hepatitis E virus, the epidemiology of naturally occurring hepatitis E was investigated in Croatian swine herds. Nearly all tested animals were seropositive for antibodies against the hepatitis E virus (55/60, 91.7%). Active infection was detected in all age groups by RT-PCR of viral RNA in serum (8/60, 13.3%) and bile samples (3/37, 8.1%), which was further confirmed by histopathological findings of characteristic lesions in the livers of the infected animals. Three new strains of hepatitis E virus were isolated from Croatian pig herds. Phylogenetic analysis using median-joining networks clustered those Croatian strains with isolates from various parts of the world, indicating their likely origin in international trade. Similarity to human isolates implies a zoonotic potential of Croatian strains, which raises a public health concern, especially in the light of the high prevalence of hepatitis E in the herds studied.

Seroprevalence of the hepatitis E virus antibodies among blood donors in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bader Y Alhatlani ◽  
Waleed A Aljabr ◽  
Mohammed S Almarzouqi ◽  
Sami M Alhatlani ◽  
Rayan N Alzunaydi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Major Public Health Issue

Aim: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) transmission through blood transfusion is a major public health issue worldwide. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HEV in blood donors in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Materials & methods: Serum samples (n = 1078) were collected from volunteer blood donors and tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM by indirect ELISA. Results: The seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG among the blood donors was 5.7% overall. Anti-HEV IgG and IgM seropositivity were significantly higher in non-Saudi donors than in Saudi donors (22.1 vs 3 and 7.8 vs 0.2% for anti-HEV IgG and IgM, respectively). Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HEV among blood donors in the Qassim region was lower than previous estimates for other regions of the country and neighboring countries.

Ribavirin for Hepatitis E Virus Infection After Organ Transplantation: A Large European Retrospective Multicenter Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1204-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nassim Kamar ◽  
Florence Abravanel ◽  
Patrick Behrendt ◽  
Jörg Hofmann ◽  
Georges Phillippe Pageaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Virological Response ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ

Abstract Background Ribavirin is currently recommended for treating chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. This retrospective European multicenter study aimed to assess the sustained virological response (SVR) in a large cohort of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with chronic HEV infection treated with ribavirin monotherapy (N = 255), to identify the predictive factors for SVR, and to evaluate the impact of HEV RNA mutations on virological response. Methods Data from 255 SOT recipients with chronic HEV infection from 30 European centers were analyzed. Ribavirin was given at the median dose of 600 (range, 29–1200) mg/day (mean, 8.6 ± 3.6 mg/kg/day) for a median duration of 3 (range, 0.25–18) months. Results After a first course of ribavirin, the SVR rate was 81.2%. It increased to 89.8% when some patients were offered a second course of ribavirin. An increased lymphocyte count at the initiation of therapy was a predictive factor for SVR, while poor hematological tolerance of ribavirin requiring its dose reduction (28%) and blood transfusion (15.7%) were associated with more relapse after ribavirin cessation. Pretreatment HEV polymerase mutations and de novo mutations under ribavirin did not have a negative impact on HEV clearance. Anemia was the main adverse event. Conclusions This large-scale retrospective study confirms that ribavirin is highly efficient for treating chronic HEV infection in SOT recipients and shows that the predominant HEV RNA polymerase mutations found in this study do not affect the rate of HEV clearance. This large-scale retrospective study that included 255 solid organ transplant recipients confirms that ribavirin is highly efficient for treating chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and shows that HEV RNA polymerase mutations do not play a role in HEV clearance.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Five Assays for Anti-Hepatitis E Virus IgG and IgM in a Large Cohort Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heléne Norder ◽  
Marie Karlsson ◽  
Åsa Mellgren ◽  
Jan Konar ◽  
Elisabeth Sandberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Large Cohort Study ◽  
No Gold Standard

Determination of anti-hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) antibodies is still enigmatic. There is no gold standard, and results obtained with different assays often diverge. Herein, five assays were compared for detection of anti-HEV IgM and IgG. Serum samples from 500 Swedish blood donors and 316 patients, of whom 136 had suspected HEV infection, were analyzed. Concordant results for IgM and IgG with all assays were obtained only for 71% and 70% of patients with suspected hepatitis E, respectively. The range of sensitivity for anti-HEV detection was broad (42% to 96%); this was reflected in the detection limit, which varied up to 19-fold for IgM and 17-fold for IgG between assays. HEV RNA was analyzed in all patients and in those blood donors reactive for anti-HEV in any assay, and it was found in 26 individuals. Among all of the assays, both anti-HEV IgG and IgM were detected in 10 of those individuals. Twelve had only IgG and, in 7 of those 12, IgG was only detected with the two most sensitive assays. Three of the HEV-RNA-positive samples were negative for anti-HEV IgM and IgG in all assays. With the two most sensitive assays, anti-HEV IgG was identified in 16% of the blood donor samples and in 66% of patients with suspected HEV infection. Because several HEV-RNA-positive samples had only anti-HEV IgG without anti-HEV IgM or lacked anti-HEV antibodies, analysis for HEV RNA may be warranted as a complement in the laboratory diagnosis of ongoing HEV infection.

Does high viral load of hepatitis E virus influence the severity and prognosis of acute liver failure during pregnancy?

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanta Borkakoti ◽  
Rajib Kishore Hazam ◽  
Asim Mohammad ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Premashis Kar
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis E

Does High Viral Load of Hepatitis E Virus Influence the Severity and Prognosis of Acute Liver Failure During Pregnancy?

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. S2
Author(s):  
Premashis Kar ◽  
Jayanta Borkakoti ◽  
Rajib Kishore Hazam ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
Ashok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis E

Detection of IgA class antibody to hepatitis E virus in serum samples from patients with hepatitis E virus infection

1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt H. Chau ◽  
George J. Dawson ◽  
Khalif M. Bile ◽  
Lars O. Magnius ◽  
Maria H. Sjogren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Class Antibody

scholarly journals Development of a novel immunoperoxidase monolayer assay for detection of swine Hepatitis E virus antibodies based on stable cell lines expressing the ORF3 protein

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanbin Liang ◽  
Heng Wang ◽  
Liangquan Zhang ◽  
Honglang Gu ◽  
Guihong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Orf3 Protein ◽  
Porcine Serum ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Swine Hepatitis ◽  
Novel Method

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) strains are classified into 4 genotypes by nucleotide sequencing. Genotypes 3 and 4 infect humans and animals via HEV-contaminated food or water. HEV RNA was detected by PCR and antibodies were detected by ELISA. Since human studies showed that HEV IgG antibodies in sera can persist for extended periods, diagnosis of HEV infection in swine or humans is mainly based on serological detection using commercial ELISA kits. However, there is no supplemental method to verify ELISA results. Hence, we developed a novel method used for mutual correction of these common processes. Here, a modified stable HepG2 cell line was transfected with pcDNA3.1-ORF3 to express the swine HEV ORF3 protein. Based on this cell line, a novel immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) was developed to detect antibodies against HEV. The results show that this method has good specificity, sensitivity and repeatability. When used to investigate 141 porcine serum samples, the IPMA had a coincidence rate of 92.2% with a commercial ELISA kit. The established IPMA described herein is valuable as a supplemental method to ELISA and can differentiate infections by HEV and other viruses.

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