scholarly journals Metabolic Profile and Mycoherbicidal Activity of Three Alternaria alternata Isolates for the Control of Convolvulus arvensis, Sonchus oleraceus, and Xanthium strumarium

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Nesma Abdessemed ◽  
Alessia Staropoli ◽  
Nadjia Zermane ◽  
Francesco Vinale
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
The Difference

Alternaria alternata isolates C1, S1, and X3 were isolated respectively from the weeds Convolvulus arvensis, Sonchus oleraceus, and Xanthium strumarium in Algiers during 2016 and identified by morphological and molecular analyses. The aim of this investigation was to chemically characterize the exometabolome of these fungi and to evaluate the myco-herbicidal potential of their culture filtrates, crude extracts, or fractions towards target weeds. Results revealed a great heterogeneity in the biochemical profiles of the exometabolome with the remarkable presence of two compounds: tenuazonic acid (TeA) and triprenyl phenol-7 (SMTP-7). To the best of our knowledge, SMTP-7—found in all the isolates—as well as 12-methoxycitromycin detected in the culture filtrate of isolate C1, have never been reported to be produced by A. alternata. Some fractions of isolates C1 and S1 showed symptoms (necrosis and chlorosis) on the detached leaves of C. arvensis and S. oleraceus, respectively with up to 100% phytotoxic effect at low concentration. In conclusion, biochemical characterization revealed great difference of C1, S1, and X3 exometabolomethat is likely to explain the difference in their phytotoxic activity. Some fractions (d1, e1, h1, i1, a2, and f2) of isolates C1 and S1 of A. alternata caused severe necrosis and chlorosis on the injured detached leaves of C. arvensis and S. oleraceus, respectively.

First report of Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata (Fries.) Kiessler on Sonchus oleraceus L. and Convolvulus arvensis L. in Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 167 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-325
Author(s):  
Nesma Abdessemed ◽  
Ali Kerroum ◽  
Youssef Anis Bahet ◽  
Nacèra Talbi ◽  
Nadjia Zermane
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
First Report ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Alternaria Leaf Spot

scholarly journals Hyalesthes obsoletus is an active vector of Wood blackening in the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 04020
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Haustov ◽  
Victor Bondarciuc
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Bois Noir ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Calystegia Sepium ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Hyalesthes Obsoletus

Hyalesthes obsoletus (Signoret) is an important vector of Wood Blackening in the Republic of Moldova. To identify the causes of the epidemiology of this disease in vineyards, the period of flight and the preference of the host plant H. obsoletus in the field were studied. Monitoring of vineyards showed that this species was found on the Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), and during the period of mass flight, the leafhopper was observed on Xanthium strumarium and Gorets bindweed (Fallopia convolvulus L.). The captured leafhoppers were diagnosed with the presence of Bois Noir stolbur phytoplasm (STOL). The adults of H. obsoletus were also caught from other herbaceous plants: Povoy fence (Calystegia sepium L.), Garden quinoa (Ariplex hortensis L.), Sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.), Medicinal dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.), as well as c Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.). Changes in climatic conditions in the region, causing premature drying of the grass cover, forces cicadas - vectors to switch to actively growing plants during this period, including grapes, which contributes to the widespread of the disease.

scholarly journals تأثير بعض المستخلصات النباتية والرواشح الفطرية على الفترة الزمنية لأنبات وقتل بذور المديد L. Convolvulus arvensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
شيماء حسن علي العباسي ◽  
علي طالب حسن النقيب ◽  
عبدالحميد عدنان مجيد المجمعي ◽  
عماد شلال صالح
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Euphorbia Peplus

اختلف التردد العددي لانبات وقتل بذور المديد L. Convolvulus arvensis  في التركيزين 50 و 100 ملغم/مل للمستخلصات النباتية حيث شرع اول انبات للمعاملة السيطرة في اليوم الرابع بينما سجل اول انبات للمعاملة نبات الحندقوق Melilotus indicus في اليوم السادس , بالنسبة للتركيز 50 ملغم/مل وقد سجل اول حالة قتل في اليوم الحادي عشر بالنسبة للنوع Euphorbia peplus في حين تفوق المستخلص النباتي الجرجير  Eruca vesicaria  على جميع المعاملات في عملية القتل في جميع ايام الدراسة اما عند التركيز 100 ملغم/مل  فقد سجل اول انبات لبذور المديد في اليوم السابع في معاملة مستخلص ام الحليب Sonchus oleraceus بينما سجلت اول حالة قتل في اليوم الرابع عشر بالنسبة لمستخلص فربيون Euphorbia peplus و مستخلص الكلغان Silybum marianum , كما اختلف التردد العددي لتأثير الرواشح الفطرية في انبات بذور المديد في التركيز 50 ملغم/مل . سجل اول شروع للانبات في اليوم الخامس في معاملة الراشح Penicillium resticulosum بينما سجلت اول حالة قتل في اليوم العاشر للراشح A. alternate اما في التركيز 100 ملغم/مل فقد سجلت اول حالة انبات في اليوم السادس للراشح الفطري Penicillium resticulosum كما سجلت اول حالة قتل للبذور في اليوم الحادي عشر للراشح  Alternaria alternata.

Phytotoxic Effect of Decaying Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Residues

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Toai ◽  
D. L. Linscott
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Toxin Formation ◽  
Agropyron Repens

We studied the effects of temperature (5, 10, 20, and 30 C) on the phytotoxic activity of decaying quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.] leaves and rhizomes that were incubated in soils for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds were grown for 96 h in water, water extracts of control soils, and water extracts of soil with quackgrass rhizomes or leaves. Dried quackgrass rhizomes and leaves contained water-soluble toxins that inhibited alfalfa seedling development and growth. There was a strong interaction between incubation time and temperature on the development of additional toxins by decomposing quackgrass. High incubation temperature (30 C) accelerated toxin formation and ultimate decay. Intermediate temperature (20 C) delayed toxin formation and decay. Low incubation temperatures (5 C and 10 C) prevented formation of additional toxin. In all extracts of quackgrass and soil that had been incubated for 6 weeks, normal alfalfa seedling number equaled that in water. However, seedling growth varied with incubation temperatures.Treatment of quackgrass with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] in the greenhouse did not influence the toxicity of decaying quackgrass leaves. The highest toxic effect was noted after 1 week of decay on the soil surface.

Biochemical characterization and phytotoxic activity of protein extract from Euphorbia tirucalli L

2021 ◽  
pp. 114903
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Pereira Milhm ◽  
Luiz Felippe Sarmento Bonet ◽  
Claudia Alessandra Fortes Aiub ◽  
César Luis Siqueira Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Protein Extract ◽  
Euphorbia Tirucalli ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity

scholarly journals EXAMINATION OF THE WEED FLORA OF RUDER HABITATS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF SUPPRESSION WITH HERBICIDES

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-332
Author(s):  
Milić Vojinović ◽  
Jelica Živić ◽  
Sanja Perić ◽  
Miroljub Aksić
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Vegetation Complex ◽  
Selection Of

Ruderal flora, as well as the vegetation that flora forms, represent an extremely dynamic floristic-vegetation complex and arean integral part of the most immediate living and working environment of human. It is formed and developed mainly in human settlements, as well as in the other anthropogenic environments that are occasionally or permanently under direct or indirect influence of various forms of human activity. Ruderal vegetation is found not only directly around the settlements, but also around all urban and accompanying facilities: along roads, paths and fences around houses, yards, walls and roofs, in avenues, on ruins, construction sites, landfills, along railway tracks, road and defense embankments, on wet and nitrified banks of rivers, near human settlements, in abandoned lawns, on the street walks with sandy areas, cemeteries, in degraded pastures, forests, etc. This essay presents the distribution and representation of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrumrepens, Amaranthusretroflexus, Calystegiasepium, Cirsiumarvense, Chenopodium album, Chenopodiumhybridum, Convolvulus arvensis, Cynodondactylon, Daturastramonium, Sonchusarvensis, Sorghum halepense, Xanthium strumarium…) at ten sites in the Nisava district. The assessment of species representation was done in two shootings (May and August) according to scale 1-4. The proper selection of herbicides depends, in a large extent, on the presence of dominant weed species and on the time of application.

scholarly journals PHYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF Ipomoea batatas EXTRACT , DETECTED THROUGH A NEW TYPE OF SANDWICH MICROBIOASSAY ON THREE SPECIES OF WEEDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HERNÁNDEZ-ARO ◽  
R. HERNÁNDEZ-PÉREZ ◽  
G. GUADALUPE-TAPIA ◽  
D. GUILLEN-SÁNCHEZ ◽  
L. CASTELLANOS-GONZÁLEZ
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Sandwich Type ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Efficient Alternative

ABSTRACT Nowadays, it is very important for researchers to find alternatives that enable the development of a profitable agriculture and a clean environment, therefore, the strategy evaluated in the present study is geared towards the use of the allelopathic effect of many plants. The main objective was to assess the efficiency of a compound derived from extracts of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas on three weed species under controlled conditions. Different concentrations (1, 5, 10% w/v) were evaluated through a sandwich-type microbioassay in comparison with the traditional Petri dished culture technique. Both tests demonstrated the phytotoxic activity of aqueous extracts of I. batatas, which caused inhibition of germination of A. hybridus, P. oleracea and B. campestri. It was observed that use of the microbioassay allowed the optimization of resources used for analysis, required much less amounts of extracts and facilitated the analysis of a larger number of samples per unit of time. This offers a new economic and efficient alternative to quickly assess the phytotoxic effect of many donors’ species before field tests.

Over-expression of GbRac1 gene in transgenic tobacco enhances disease resistance to Alternaria alternata in vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wei-Min ◽  
Wang Zhi-Xing ◽  
Jia Shi-Rong
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Degenerate Primers ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Detached Leaves

AbstractGbRac1 gene was cloned from Gossypium barbadense with degenerate primers and 3′-RACE. Northern blot analysis indicated that GbRac1 mRNA was expressed abundantly in G. barbadense seedlings inoculated with Verticillium dehliae compared with mock-inoculated plants. A plant constitutive expression vector pRac harbouring GbRac1 gene was constructed and leaf discs of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. NC89) were transformed with pRac by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Disease challenge test of detached leaves of the transgenic plants by inoculation with Alternaria alternata showed that resistance was enhanced dramatically compared with the non-transgenic plants. Results suggest that GbRac1 gene might have potential application in the genetic engineering of plants with enhanced disease resistance.

scholarly journals Myrislignan, a Growth Inhibitor from the Roots of Citronella grass

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prapaipit Suwitchayanon ◽  
Kiyotake Suenaga ◽  
Arihiro Iwasaki ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cymbopogon Nardus ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Phytotoxic Compound ◽  
Citronella Grass

A phytotoxic compound was isolated from the root extracts of Cymbopogon nardus by bioassay-guided purification and characterized to be myrislignan. Myrislignan significantly inhibited seedling growth of cress at a concentration greater than 100 μM (p < 0.05). The concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition of myrislignan on hypocotyl and root growth of cress were 429 μM and 517 μM, respectively. The inhibition on seedling growth indicated that myrislignan had a phytotoxic activity and may contribute to the phytotoxic effect of C. nardus.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and evaluation of phytotoxic activity of Solanum lycocarpum (Solanaceae) ripe fruit

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Iara Cotta Mendes ◽  
Paula Avelar Amado ◽  
Melissa Grazielle Morais ◽  
Luciana Alves Rodrigues dos Santos Lima
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Cholesterol Reduction ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Solanaceae Family

The Solanum lycocarpum species, belonging to the Solanaceae family, is popularly known as the wolf fruit and is used in folk medicine for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and cholesterol reduction. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract from the ripe fruit of S. lycocarpum to verify the presence of the main groups of secondary metabolites and to evaluate the phytotoxic effect on Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Allium cepa (onion) seeds. The fruits of S. lycocarpum were collected, crushed and percolated with anhydrous ethanol and the solvent was dried in a rotatory evaporator to obtain the ethanol extract. In the phytotoxicity evaluation, the results showed that the ethanol extract was able to completely inhibit the growth of hypocotyl and radicle of L. sativa (lettuce) seeds in all concentrations tested. In A. cepa (onion) seeds, a concentration of 500 μg per plate was able to inhibit the growth of the hypocotyl and radicle by 100%. The metabolites detected in the extract were alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. The phytotoxic activity can be correlated to the presence of these compounds.

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