scholarly journals PHYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF Ipomoea batatas EXTRACT , DETECTED THROUGH A NEW TYPE OF SANDWICH MICROBIOASSAY ON THREE SPECIES OF WEEDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HERNÁNDEZ-ARO ◽  
R. HERNÁNDEZ-PÉREZ ◽  
G. GUADALUPE-TAPIA ◽  
D. GUILLEN-SÁNCHEZ ◽  
L. CASTELLANOS-GONZÁLEZ
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Sandwich Type ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Efficient Alternative

ABSTRACT Nowadays, it is very important for researchers to find alternatives that enable the development of a profitable agriculture and a clean environment, therefore, the strategy evaluated in the present study is geared towards the use of the allelopathic effect of many plants. The main objective was to assess the efficiency of a compound derived from extracts of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas on three weed species under controlled conditions. Different concentrations (1, 5, 10% w/v) were evaluated through a sandwich-type microbioassay in comparison with the traditional Petri dished culture technique. Both tests demonstrated the phytotoxic activity of aqueous extracts of I. batatas, which caused inhibition of germination of A. hybridus, P. oleracea and B. campestri. It was observed that use of the microbioassay allowed the optimization of resources used for analysis, required much less amounts of extracts and facilitated the analysis of a larger number of samples per unit of time. This offers a new economic and efficient alternative to quickly assess the phytotoxic effect of many donors’ species before field tests.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Serphidium kaschgaricum (Krasch.) Poljak. Volatiles on Selected Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Shixing Zhou ◽  
Toshmatov Zokir ◽  
Yu Mei ◽  
Lijing Lei ◽  
Kai Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Stem Leaf

The chemical profile and allelopathic effect of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by a dominant shrub Serphidium kaschgaricum (Krasch.) Poljak. growing in northwestern China was investigated for the first time. Serphidium kaschgaricu was found to release volatile compounds into the surroundings to affect other plants’ growth, with its VOCs suppressing root elongation of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Poa annua L. by 65.47% and 60.37% at 10 g/1.5 L treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, volatile oils produced by stems, leaves, flowers and flowering shoots exhibited phytotoxic activity against A. retroflexus and P. annua. At 0.5 mg/mL, stem, leaf and flower oils significantly reduced seedling growth of the receiver plants, and 1.5 mg/mL oils nearly completely prohibited seed germination of both species. GC/MS analysis revealed that among the total 37 identified compounds in the oils, 19 of them were common, with eucalyptol (43.00%, 36.66%, 19.52%, and 38.68% in stem, leaf, flower and flowering shoot oils, respectively) and camphor (21.55%, 24.91%, 21.64%, and 23.35%, respectively) consistently being the dominant constituents in all oils. Eucalyptol, camphor and their mixture exhibited much weaker phytotoxicity compared with the volatile oils, implying that less abundant compounds in the volatile oil might contribute significantly to the oils’ activity. Our results suggested that S. kaschgaricum was capable of synthesizing and releasing allelopathic volatile compounds into the surroundings to affect neighboring plants’ growth, which might improve its competitiveness thus facilitate the establishment of dominance.

Phytotoxic Effect of Decaying Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Residues

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Toai ◽  
D. L. Linscott
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Toxin Formation ◽  
Agropyron Repens

We studied the effects of temperature (5, 10, 20, and 30 C) on the phytotoxic activity of decaying quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.] leaves and rhizomes that were incubated in soils for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds were grown for 96 h in water, water extracts of control soils, and water extracts of soil with quackgrass rhizomes or leaves. Dried quackgrass rhizomes and leaves contained water-soluble toxins that inhibited alfalfa seedling development and growth. There was a strong interaction between incubation time and temperature on the development of additional toxins by decomposing quackgrass. High incubation temperature (30 C) accelerated toxin formation and ultimate decay. Intermediate temperature (20 C) delayed toxin formation and decay. Low incubation temperatures (5 C and 10 C) prevented formation of additional toxin. In all extracts of quackgrass and soil that had been incubated for 6 weeks, normal alfalfa seedling number equaled that in water. However, seedling growth varied with incubation temperatures.Treatment of quackgrass with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] in the greenhouse did not influence the toxicity of decaying quackgrass leaves. The highest toxic effect was noted after 1 week of decay on the soil surface.

scholarly journals Allelopathy of aqueous Pachyrhizus erosus L. extracts on Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Jaqueline de Araujo Barbosa ◽  
Silvio Douglas Ferreira ◽  
Adriana Cologni Salvalaggio ◽  
Neumárcio Vilanova da Costa ◽  
Márcia de Moraes Echer
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pachyrhizus Erosus ◽  
Dry Biomass

ABSTRACT Allelopathy contributes to the sustainable management of weeds in growing areas, due to its ability to inhibit the development of weed species. This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Pachyrhizus erosus extract on Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa germination. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor corresponded to the plant portion (shoot and tuberous root), the second to the extract preparation method (water at room temperature and boiling) and the third to the extract concentrations (0 %, 25 %, 50 % and 100 %). Phytochemical analyses were performed to identify the presence of secondary metabolites. The variables germination percentage, germination rate index and dry biomass decreased with increasing aqueous extract concentrations for both E. heterophylla and B. pilosa. When applied a P. erosus crude shoot extract (boiling), decreases of 18 % and 92 % were observed in the E. heterophylla and B. pilosa germination, respectively, with a decrease of 91 % in the dry biomass of E. heterophylla seedlings. The tuberous root extract (boiling), on the other hand, reduced the germination percentages for E. heterophylla and B. pilosa in 18 % and 80 %, respectively. The phytochemical evaluation indicated the presence of flavonoids, coumarins and saponins in the shoot and tuberous root extracts, while tannins were only observed in the shoot extract. Thus, it can be concluded that P. erosus extracts display an allelopathic effect on the weed species evaluated.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF A WEED SPECIES, CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. AND CLEOME VISCOSA L. ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK GRAM (VIGNA MUNGO (L.) HEPPER.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Prabhakaran J ◽  
Kavitha D ◽  
Arumugam K
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Cleome Viscosa

The present study was aimed to investigate the allelopathic influence of two weed species Cyperus rotundus L. and Cleome viscosa L. against the growth of Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Aqueous extracts (5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations) of whole plants of C. rotundus and C. viscosa were employed to investigate their influence on the germination and seedling growth of the black gram. The aqueous whole plants extracts ( from 5% to 100% concentrations) of C. rotundus and C. viscosa exhibited an inhibitory effects on all the parameters employed in the germination percentage, root and shoot growth, fresh and dry weight, content of chlorophyll, starch, sugar and protein contents of Black gram over control. The extracts of both the weeds caused a minimum inhibition on germination and seedling growth of Black gram at 5% concentration and the intensity of inhibition increased when increased extract concentrations. The aqueous extracts of C. rotundus and C. viscosa showed an inhibitory effect on Black gram but their effect was more severe on black gram by the extract treatments of C. rotundus than that of C. viscosa.

scholarly journals Initiation of Ipomoea batatas Through Tissue Culture Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ali ◽  
Ali Abido ◽  
Mohamed El-Torky ◽  
Badria Hassan ◽  
Marwa Abdelwahab
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Tissue Culture Technique

scholarly journals ФІТОТОКСИЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ДЕЯКИХ ДЕРЕВНИХ РОСЛИН

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3(43)) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Мегалінська Г. П. ◽  
Пакірбаєва Л. В. ◽  
Білик Ж. І. ◽  
Даниленко Є. В. ◽  
Гатальська Є. О.
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Carpinus Betulus ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity

The results of the study of phytotoxic effects of water extracts from Pinus sylvestris L., Betula pendula Roth, Quercus robur L., Picea abies (L.) Karst. P. excelsa Link, Carpinus betulus L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Populus tremula L., Crataegus submollis L. are presented. For а comparison of the phytotoxic activity of the investigated plants was used to measure the change in the intensity of the mitotic division, depending on the concentration of aqueous extraction of plant material (tangent trend curve of cytostatic activity). According to this parameter, the following row of phytotoxic activity of wood species can be ordered: Populus tremula, Betula pendula, Robinia pseudoacacia, Carpinus betulus, Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, Pinus sylvestris. Water extract Quercus robur and Picea abies have discovered a phyto-stimulating effect. The results of the study allow us to discuss the possibility of introducing the parameter of the phytotoxicity coefficient to determine the allelopathic effect in the tree-tree system.

Allelopathic potential of Artemisia herba-alba and Anthemis arvensis to control Weeds in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Nadi Awwad Al Harbi
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Anthemis Arvensis ◽  
Germination And Growth

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potentials for utilization of Artemisia herba-alba and Anthemis arvensis shoot aqueous extract at different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) to suppress the germination and growth of Panicum turgidum and Portulaca oleracea (weeds of crop fields) in Petri dish experiment. Results indicated that the degree of inhibition on seed germination and growth of the recipient species was largely dependent on the concentration of A. herba-alba and A.arvensis shoot aqueous extract. The aqueous extract of A.herba-alba showed the highest allelopathic effect on the germination of the seeds of P. turgidum, (10%,10% and 0%) while the effect of A. arvensis shoot aqueous extract was greater on the germination of the seeds P. oleracea (40%,0% and 0%). Percentage germination of the two selected crop species Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare also de-creased as the A.herba-alba and A.arvensis shoot aqueous extract concentra-tion increased from 1% to 5% (90%,80% and 70%),(40%,40% and 20%). But the inhibition percentage was largely less than that of weed species. The results also showed that H.vulgare was more sensitive than T. aestivum and responds more strongly to the increase of concentration of A. herba-alba shoot aqueous extract . Results also showed that the radicle length of almost all tested species was more sensitive to allelochemicals from A.herba-alba and A.arvensis shoot aqueous extract than plumule length. Therefore, A. herba-alba and A. arvensis shoot aqueous extract may offer promises for their usefulness as a tool for weed management.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of black mustard tissues and root exudates on some crops and weeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Al-Sherif ◽  
A.K. Hegazy ◽  
N.H. Gomaa ◽  
M.O. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Trifolium Alexandrinum ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Black Mustard ◽  
Sisymbrium Irio

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of black mustard extracts and root exudates on two crops: Trifolium alexandrinum and Triticum aestivum, and two weeds: Phalaris paradoxa and Sisymbrium irio. The seeds were treated with aqueous and ethanolic extracts and chloroform for eight days, or subjected to root exudates of just harvested mustard in a greenhouse for five weeks. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify phytotoxins from plant tissues. Seed germination of P. paradoxa was reduced with the lowest concentration of the different extracts. However, the aqueous extract at 4% completely curtailed the germination of all the target species. In general, plant extracts had a concentration-dependent reduction of seedling growth of the target species. However, the ethanolic extract, at the lowest concentration, has stimulated the shoot length of both T. alexandrinum and T. aestivum, and the root length of the former. Mustard root exudates inhibited emergence and growth of the target species throughout the experiment. Ferulic and syringic acids were the dominant allelochemicals found when HPLC was used.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Allelopathic Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl (Cyperaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Martins Da Silva ◽  
José Jailson Lima Bezerra ◽  
Ana Paula Do Nascimento Prata ◽  
Renan Cantalice De Souza ◽  
Cynthiane Lins de Albuquerque Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Germination Bioassays

The allelopathic potential of some plant species has been scientifically proven over the years. The use of such natural compounds with phytotoxic activity is an alternative to synthetic herbicides. Thus, this research aims to analyze the phytochemical profile and the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. The allelopathic potential was evaluated by germination bioassays using seeds from two receptor species (Lactuca sativa L. and Emilia fosbergii Nicolson) and seven concentrations of aqueous extracts of F. miliacea aerial and underground parts in triplicate. The variables evaluated were germination (G) and germination speed index (GSI). The data obtained were submitted to F test and the averages to regression analysis. In addition, phytochemical analyses were performed to analyze possible allelochemicals present in aqueous extracts of F. miliacea through phytochemical screening and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The aqueous extracts of aerial and underground parts of F. miliacea inhibit the germination of E. fosbergii seeds at all concentrations analyzed (0.94, 1.87, 3.75, 7.5, 15 and 30%). However, the same extracts do not show any effects when evaluated in L. sativa seeds. The aqueous extract of F. miliacea shows important chemical constituents (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, luteolin, apigenin, acacetin, and alkaloids) that can be directly related to the allelopathic effects observed in E. fosbergii seeds.

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